Opoptera fruhstorferi ( Röber, 1896 )

Opoptera fruhstorferi ( Röber, 1896) View in CoL

Figs 20–24 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 View FIGURE 22 View FIGURE 23 View FIGURE 24

Opsiphanes fruhstorferi Röber, 1896 View in CoL . Ent. Nachr. 22 (21): 323; 1 female [holotype], south brazilian plateau, about 3000’, [= upper river Uruguay, Brazil].— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 53.

Opoptera fruhstorferi View in CoL ; Stichel, 1902. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46 (4): 490; syn.: sosius (Staudinger in litt.), socius (Staudinger in litt.).— Stichel, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 20, p. 24; syn.: sosius (Staudinger in litt.)., socius (Staudinger in litt.).— Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25, p. 102.— Fruhstorfer, 1911 –12, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 330, pl. 63a (d).— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 53.— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini View in CoL , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. View in CoL 5A, p. 203; syn.: sosius .— Penz, 2007. Syst. Ent. 32 (4): 670, fig. 2 (male d, v), 675; phylog.— Penz, 2009a. Zootaxa 1985 (1): 11; phylog.—Penz et al., 2013. Syst. Ent. 38 (2): 318; phylog.— Penz & Mohammadi, 2013. Biota neotrop. 13 (3): 167.— Penz & Heine, 2016. Neotrop. Entomol. 45 (1): 51, fig. 1 (male d, v); morph., beh.

Opsiphanes sosius (socius?) Stichel, 1902 (Staudinger in litt.). Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46 (4): 490; nom. nud. (ICZN, Art. 11.6—as synonym of Opoptera fruhstorferi View in CoL ).— Stichel, 1904 (Staudinger in litt.), in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 20, p. 24.

Taxonomic history. Stichel (1902) transferred fruhstorferi View in CoL to Opoptera View in CoL .

Type material. Opsiphanes fruhstorferi Röber, 1896 was desribed based on a female [holotype] from the south plateau of Brazil (at elevation about 3000’) [=about 1000 m], in the Fruhstorfer collection. Holotype with the following labels: / Alto — Uruguay 1888/ Type/ Fruhstorfer Coll. B. M. 1937-285./ Opsiphanes fruhstorferi Röb. /, deposited in the NHMUK. ( Fig. 24 View FIGURE 24 ).

Diagnosis. FW with a wide white band, in the discal region. HW without tail prolongation. DHW in males with hairpencil grouped in bundles in the discal cell. Differs from other species of Opoptera , as this is the only species with the white band in the FW ( Figs 20–21 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 ).

Male genitalia. Tegumen triangular in the lateral view, with flat dorsal surface; anterior projection of saccus shorter than the arms; uncus pointed, not exceeding the length of the valva, proximal portion with tuft of setae, lateral margin concave; gnathos with proximal portion rectangular, with projection lacking spine that is anteriorly directed, distal portion elongated and pointed; valva elongated projected, not exceeding the uncus, externally and internally with numerous setae, anterior portion wider than the posterior portion, distal portion wide and flattened, with protuberance in the ventral margin and with protuberance in the posterior margin; aedeagus without lateral projections; fultura inferior fusiform ( Fig. 22 View FIGURE 22 ).

Female genitalia. Lamella antevaginalis sclerotized, median portion narrow forming an arch and with protuberance, lateral margin with projections; lamella postvaginalis sclerotized, wide, with median protuberance posteriorly directed; intersegmental membrane rounded along the anterior margin ( Fig. 23 View FIGURE 23 ).

Variation. Forewing length, male (n = 5): 37–39 mm; female (n = 5): 39–44 mm. VFW shape of the spots adjacent to the “ b ”, “ c ” elements; size and shape of the spots adjacent to the “ d ” element; size and shape of the eyespot between M 1 –M 2; “ j ” element may be faded not reaching the apical region. VHW size and shape of the spots between M 1 –M 3; size and shape of the eyespots in the discal region; coloration of the marginal band between light or dark brown to yellowish.

Geographic distribution. Brazil ( São Paulo * ( Uehara-Prado et al. 2004), Paraná, Santa Catarina ) ( Fig. 60 View FIGURE 60 ). Elevation between 650 and 900 m.

Temporal distribution. Based on the material examined, fly in January–April, November and December.

Specimens examined. Photos of the holotype of Opsiphanes fruhstorferi Röber, 1896 , and the following specimens: BRAZIL: Paraná —Ponta Grossa ( Monte Alegre ), III-1944, 1 female, Leprevost leg.,ex-coll.D’Almeida, DZ 57.562 (DZUP); Curitiba, 900 m, 28-II-1967, 1 female, O. Mielke leg., DZ 57.558 (DZUP), (Barigui [= Parque Municipal Barigui]), 10-IV-1968, 1 female, C. Morozowski leg., DZ 57.571 (DZUP); Piraquara (Mananciais da Serra ), 800 m, 20-XI-2022, 1 female, A. P. Pinto leg., DZ 57.813 (DZUP); Tijucas do Sul (Rincão), 900 m, 25-II-1969, 1 male, Mielke-Sakakibara leg., DZ 57.578 (DZUP), ( Vossoroca ), 850 m, 19-III-1971, 1 male, Mielke leg., DZ 57.572 (DZUP). Santa Catarina — São Bento do Sul ( Rio Vermelho ), 850 m, 8-I-1980, 4 males, 10-I-1980, 1 male, 19-I-1980, 5 males, 31-I-1980, 1 male, 650 m, II-1980, 3 males, 11-II-1980, 1 male, 850 m, 13-II-1980, 1 female, 650 m, 17-II-1980, 1 female, 850 m, III-1980, 1 female, 22-I-1981, 1 female, 31-I-1980, 3 males, 1-I-1982, 1 male, 2-I-1982, 1 male, 5-I-1982, 3 males, 11-I-1982, 6 males, 1 female, 14-I-1982, 3 males, 1 female, 16-I-1982, 2 males, 18-I-1982, 1 female, 21-I-1982, 5 males, 22-I-1982, 1 females, 3 males, 24-I-1982, 4 males, 1 female, II-1982, 1 male, 1-II-1982, 6-II-1982, 4 females, 650 m, 12-II-1982, 2 males, 14- II-1982, 1 male, 18-II-1982, 1 male, 21-II-1982, 1 female, 850 m, 27-XII-1982, 2 males, 31-I-1983, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 57.545, 57.547–57.549, 57.569, 57.546, 57.550, 57.552, 57.566, 57.568, 57.551, 57.544, 57.574, 2363, 57.570, 2364, 57.563, 3955, 57.614, 57.561, 57.564, 57.576, 57.567, 57.606, 57.590, 57.604, 57.607, 57.582–57.584, 57.609, 57.612, 57.613, 57.595, 57.580, 57.601, 57.611, 57.554, 57.585, 57.591, 57.553, 57.586, 57.596, 57.602, 57.608, 57.588, 57.597, 57.605, 57.618, 57.555, 57.600, 57.603, 57.617, 57.616, 57.560, 57.593, 57.594, 57.615, 57.589, 57.592, 57.619, 57.623, 57.587, 57.598, 57.599, 57.610, 57.559, 57.579, 57.581, 57.556 (DZUP).