Canthon ( Goniocanthon ) smaragdulus ( Fabricius, 1781 )

Canthon ( Goniocanthon) smaragdulus ( Fabricius, 1781) View in CoL

Scarabaeus smaragdulus Fabricius 1781: 34 View in CoL

Note. Two presently recognized subspecies of Canthon ( Goniocanthon) smaragdulus View in CoL have been described, both of which were erroneously recorded for the research area.

§ Subspecies Canthon ( Goniocanthon) smaragdulus smaragdulus ( Fabricius, 1781)

Scarabaeus smaragdulus Fabricius 1781: 34 View in CoL (South America)

= Canthon speculifer Laporte 1840: 68 ( Brazil) View in CoL

Distribution. Suriname: Gillet 1911b: 33 (as C. speculifer ); Balthasar 1939e: 203 (as C. speculifer ). French Guiana: A. Schmidt 1922a: 81 (as C. smaragdulus ; as C. speculifer ); Blackwelder 1944: 201 (as C. smaragdulum ; as C. speculifer ). “Guianas”: Vulcano and Pereira 1964: 593 (as Goniocanthon smaragdulus ). Brazil: Laporte 1840: 68 (as C. smaragdulus ; as C. speculifer ); Gillet 1911b: 33; A. Schmidt 1922a: 81 (as C. smaragdulus ; as C. speculifer ); Balthasar 1939e: 203 (as C. smaragdulus ; as C. speculifer ); Blackwelder 1944: 201 (as C. smaragdulum ; as C. speculifer ); Vulcano and Pereira 1964: 593 (as Goniocanthon smaragdulus ); Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 191 (as C. ( Goniocanthon) smaragdulum ); Nunes et al. 2018: 6, 7. Other: Fabricius 1781: 34 (South America - as Scarabaeus smaragdulus ); A. Schmidt 1922a: 81 ( Colombia - as C. smaragdulus ; Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay - as C. speculifer ); Blackwelder 1944: 201 ( Colombia - as C. smaragdulum ; Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay - as C. speculifer ); Pereira and Martínez 1956b: 111 (South America except Chile - as Goniocanthon smaragdulus ); Vulcano and Pereira 1964: 593 ( Argentina, Colombia, Paraguay - as Goniocanthon smaragdulus ); Medina et al. 2001: 136 ( Colombia); Nunes et al. 2018: 6, 7 ( Argentina, Paraguay).

Note. According to Nunes et al. (2018: 7), the distribution of Canthon ( Goniocanthon) smaragdulus smaragdulus is restricted to southern Brazil, northern Argentina and northern Paraguay. Records for the Guianas and other locations in northern South America are thus likely based on misidentifications and/or mislabeled specimens.

§ Subspecies Canthon ( Goniocanthon) smaragdulus subviridis A. Schmidt, 1922

Canthon speculifer var. subviridis A. Schmidt 1922a: 81 View in CoL ( French Guiana, Brazil)

Distribution. French Guiana: A. Schmidt 1922a: 81 (as Canthon speculifer var. subviridis ); Blackwelder 1944: 201 (as Canthon speculifer var. subviride ). Brazil: A. Schmidt 1922a: 81 (as Canthon speculifer var. subviridis ); Blackwelder 1944: 201 (as Canthon speculifer var. subviride ); Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 191 (as C. ( Goniocanthon) smaragdulus var. subviride ); Nunes et al. 2018: 6, 10. Other: Vulcano and Pereira 1964: 593 (treated as a synonym of C. smaragdulus ).

Note. According to Nunes et al. (2018: 10), the distribution of Canthon ( Goniocanthon) smaragdulus subviridis is limited to the eastern parts of Brazil. This means that the record for French Guiana in A. Schmidt (1922a: 81), which is copied in Blackwelder (1944: 201), is likely based on a mislabeled specimen.

Subgenus PELTECANTHON Pereira, 1953

Peltecanthon Pereira 1953: 396

Synopsis. Halffter and Martínez 1967