Eugenia lisboae M.A.D.Souza, 2016

Eugenia lisboae M.A.D.Souza View in CoL , sp. nov.

Type:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: mun. Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke , 02º53’ S, 59º58’ W, 27 October 1995, C.A. Sothers & P.A.C.L. Assunção 649 (holotype INPA! GoogleMaps ; isotypes G! GoogleMaps , IAN! GoogleMaps , K! GoogleMaps , MBM! GoogleMaps , MO! GoogleMaps , NY! GoogleMaps , RB! GoogleMaps ). ( Figures 1 View FIGURE 1 ; 3A–B View FIGURE 3 .)

This species is similar to E. citrifolia , from which it may be distinguished by the rugose, not exfoliating periderm (vs. smooth and exfoliating in E. citrifolia ) and orange bark (vs. reddish), leaves with adaxially concave midvein (vs. convex), flowers with sepals orbicular to triangular, adpressed to petals in fresh material (vs. orbicular, cucullate, chartaceous and free from petals), petals oblong to obovate (vs. unguiculate), and fruits ellipsoid (vs. globose).

Tree 5–20 m, 8–24 cm in diam. at body height. Plants glabrous. Trunk cylindrical, with straight or chaneled base. Bark striate or reticulate, lenticellate, brown or grey, falling apart with brown-orange impressed scars; internal bark orange. Twigs applanate, brownish, striate. Leaves with petioles 10–15 mm, sulcate or canaliculate; blades elliptic, 88–164 × 34–80 mm, coriaceous, the apex acuminate or acute, the base cuneate, adaxially shining and with raised glandular dots; venation brochidodromous, midvein adaxially concave, lateral veins straight, ascending, sulcate or raised, higher level venation sulcate, intramarginal vein nearly straight, 3–5 mm from the margin. Inflorescences fasciculate, axillary or terminal ( Figure 1B View FIGURE 1 ); bracts scaly, 1 × 1–2 mm, ciliate; pedicels 4–7 mm; bracteoles 1–1,2 mm, deltoid, basally connate, ciliate ( Figure 3B View FIGURE 3 ). Flowers about 15 mm in diameter; hypanthium infundibuliform or campanulate, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm, glabrous, yellow, encompassing 1/3 (rarely 1/2) of the flower bud ( Figure 3A–B View FIGURE 3 ); globe of the petals 4–6.5 mm diam. before anthesis; sepals valvate, whitish, basally connate, orbicular to triangular, ca. 0.5 mm thick, stiff, ciliate, 1–1.2 × 1.1–2 mm, to 1/4 of the length of the petals and appressed to them ( Figure 3A View FIGURE 3 ); petals obovate, 5.5–9 × 4–6 mm, cucullate, white; staminal ring quadrangular, pilose; filaments filiform, to 7 mm, anthers globose, to 0.8 × 0.5 mm, basifixed, rimose, with one inconspicuous apical gland; ovary bilocular, with ca. 5 ovules per locule; style 10–11 mm, the stigma punctiform or discoid. Fruits baccate, ellipsoid, 18–30 × 6–15 mm, yellow while immature, turning purple black when ripe, rugosely glandular; pericarp subcarnose ( Figure 1C View FIGURE 1 ). Seed one per fruit, ellipsoid, the testa coriaceous and smooth; embryo with no visible hypocotyl and fused cotyledons, the adaxial face of the cotyledons visible along the medial zone of the seed in transverse section.

Distribution, habitat and phenology:— Eugenia lisboae is presently known only from the municipality of Manaus, where it was collected in plateau formations—hillsides and hilltops—with dense vegetation on clay or sandy-clay soils. Flowers were collected from October to December, and fruits from February to June.

Etymology:—the epithet honors Dr. Pedro Luiz Braga Lisboa, an important botanist from Amazonia. Experts in wood anatomy, his works were not restricted to plants, but made his study raise the profile of the forest people and its natural resources: published books and articles on floristic inventory, economic botany, ethnobotany, ethnography, and history among others subjects. His prolific career made him a renewed researcher of culture and the Amazon sustainable development.

Conservation:—this species was collected only in the region of municipality of Manaus, in areas intensively collected. Due to the absence of records for other regions, and other information, it is appropriate at this time to include in DD (data deficient) of the IUCN conservation status criteria (IUCN 2016).

Affinities:—gatherings of Eugenia lisboae were frequently misidentified as Eugenia citrifolia Poiret (1813: 129) , from which it is distinguished through the differences cited in the diagnosis. It may be also confused with the Amazonian Eugenia dittocrepis O. Berg (1857: 292) , Eugenia lambertiana De Candolle (1828: 270) , Eugenia pseudopsidium Jacquin (1760: 23) and the Atlantic coastal rainforest species Eugenia neoglomerata Sobral (1995: 35) . McVaugh (1969: 170) has already referred to the difficulty in distinguishing these species, mostly, at his time, due to the scarcity of available collections. These species can be distinguished between then by the characters in the following key:

1. Blades with midvein adaxially convex; flowers never sessile; fruits ever globose..........................................................................2.

-. Blades with midvein abaxially concave, sulcate or impressed; pedicel and fruits various...............................................................3.

2. Blades elliptic with acuminate apex and plane margin; petiole adaxially canaliculate. Bracteoles sagittiform, narrow; hypanthium campanulate, consisting of 1/3 of the flower bud length; sepals free, cucullate, glabrous; petals obovate, unguiculate .................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... E. citrifolia

-. Blades subobovate, with acute apex and revolute margin; petiole adaxially applanate. Bracteoles deltoid; hypanthium urceolate, consisting of about 1/2 of the flower bud length; sepals basally connate, ciliate; petals orbicular................................ E. dittocrepis

3. Twigs applanate; petioles adaxially canaliculate; blades with adaxially concave midvein. Inflorescences fasciculate or glomerulate; hypanthium various; bracteoles basally connate.......................................................................................................................4.

-. Twigs cylindrical; petioles cylindrical or moderately adaxially sulcate; blades with various adaxially midvein. Inflorescences ever fasciculate; hypanthium infundibuliform; bracteoles free.................................................................................................................5.

4. Inflorescences fasciculate, pedicels 4–7 mm; bracteoles deltoid; hypanthium infundibuliform or campanulate, consisting of 1/3 (rarely 1/2) of the flower bud length; fruits ellipsoid. Blades green or olivaceous, mostly concolorous, when dry; apex acuminate or acute; petioles 10–15 mm ................................................................................................................................................. E. lisboae

-. Flowers in sessile or subsessile glomerules; bracteoles orbicular to scale-like; hypanthium ever campanulate, consisting of about half of the flower bud; fruits globose. Blades brown and discolorous when dry; apex subacute; petioles <5 mm ............................ ................................................................................................................................................................................... E. neoglomerata

5. Blades ovate to lanceolate, chartaceous, the margin plane; petioles adaxially impressed. Pedicels 5–8 mm; bracteoles deltoid, lax; hypanthium consisting of about 1/2 of the flower bud length; sepals oblong, in two unequal pairs; petals oblong............................ ...................................................................................................................................................................................... E. lambertiana

-. Blades oblong or widely elliptic, coriaceous, the margin revolute; petiole cylindrical or adaxially sulcate. Pedicels 10–18 mm; bracteoles triangular, clasping the hypanthium, this consisting of about 1/3 of the flower bud length; sepals orbicular, all the same size; petals not seen ................................................................................................................................................ E. pseudopsidium .

Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: mun. Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Estrada AM-010, Km 26 , 2º53’S 59º58’W, 19 May 2001, Assunção et al. 941 ( INPA!) GoogleMaps ; 29 March 2001, Castilho & Pereira 28 ( INPA!) ; 15 April 2003, Castilho et al. 1241 ( INPA!) ; 18 October 1994, Costa et al. 6 ( INPA!, SEL, SP) ; 23 June 1994, Hopkins & Assunção 1417 ( INPA!) ; 4 May1995, Ribeiro et al. 1303 ( INPA!, SEL, SP) ; 13 March 1996, Sothers & Pereira 830 ( INPA!, SEL, SP) ; 31 October 1995, Souza & Pereira 132 ( INPA!) ; 31 October 1995, Souza & Pereira 135 ( INPA!) ; 31 October 1995, Souza & Pereira 141 ( INPA!) ; 26 February 1996, Souza & Silva 222 ( INPA!) ; 27 February 1996, Souza et al. 228 ( INPA!, SEL, SP) ; 25 April 1997, Souza et al. 364 ( INPA!, SEL, SP) ; 3 November 1995, Vicentini & Silva 1122 ( INPA!, SEL, SP) .