Papaverodinia, Tôrres & Rafael & Gaimari & Limeira-De-Oliveira, 2025

Genus Papaverodinia gen. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:

Figs 1–81

Type species

Papaverodinia chiquinhamum gen. et sp. nov., by present designation.

Diagnosis

Body predominantly brown to black; head higher than long and wider than high; gena broad; postocellar setae stout; frons wider than high, with lateral edges slightly converging ventrally and usually converging dorsally; lunule arched with respective spot black pubescent; dorsocentral setae 1 + 3; prescutellar acrostichal seta absent; prescutellum absent; scutellum with 2 to 7 setulae on the posterior margin, between the lateral and apical scutellar macrosetae; wing hyaline, vein C extended to vein M 1; costal spinules extended to apex of vein R 2+3; tergite 6 absent, sternite 6 present; epandrium very short, about 3.5 × as short as high; inner surstylus thin and positioned under the outer surstylus; outer surstylus enormously dilated at the distal end and gonocoxal apodeme capsulated.

Etymology

Named after the Brazilian dipterist, naturalist and historian, Nelson Papavero, adding the genus name Odinia . Gender feminine.

Description

Male

HEAD ( Figs 1–4, 25–28, 48–51). Height 1.6–1.8 × length and 1.2 × as wide as high. Eye slightly longer than high. Postocellar setae strong and long, as strong as but slightly shorter than ocellar setae, divergent. Ocellar triangle dark gray pruinose, setulose, with two rows of slightly stronger setulae, diverging, located between and behind posterior ocelli to postocellar setae; posterior ocelli slightly closer together than distance between anterior and posterior ocelli; ocellar setae stout, originating very close together, in line between anterior and a posterior ocellar seta. Inner and outer vertical setae present, stout. Postcranium slightly concave in dorsal view. Frons 1.3–1.4 × as wide as long. Fronto-orbital plate either entirely yellow or with narrow strip of yellow only along its outer edge; with very short, sparse setulae; with 3 pairs fronto-orbital setae, 1 st pair inclinate and 2 nd and 3 rd pairs reclinate, 1 st pair originated at or above dorsal margin of lunule, 2 nd pair originated closer to 1 st than to 3 rd pair, 3 rd pair originated below, at or above level of anterior ocellus ( P. canalesi gen. et sp. nov., P. chiquinhamum gen. et sp. nov. and P. willkeniae gen. et sp. nov., respectively). All macrosetae with oblong alveolae slightly raised, margins darkened. Lunule 0.1–0.2 mm high, arched; 0.3–0.4 × height or length of frons; yellow to dark yellow, yellowish-gray pruinose except for brown spot. Antenna predominantly brown, except for postpedicel proximal ⅓, sometimes, entirely yellow-orange, arist predominantly dark brown to black; arist progressively feathery, with short rays. Face dark yellow to light brown, yellowish-gray pruinose except in dark brown antennal grooves. Oral vibrissa stout, with 2 subvibrissal setae, externally flanked by several short setulae. Genal groove broad, smooth, reddish-brown. Gena broad, reddish-brown with yellow-orange pruinose, with short brown setae and brown alveolae; with slightly stronger seta facing upturned. Clypeus dark brown to black, subshiny, brownish-gray sparse pruinose. Palpus clavate, predominantly brown except for yellowish proximal and distal ends, brown pruinose, yellowish-gray on proximal and distal ends, brown setae, some slightly longer on ventral surface and distal end. Prementum and labellum light brown to brown, with short, colored setulae.

THORAX ( Figs 1–2, 5, 25–26, 29, 48–49, 52). Mesonotum and scutellum predominantly brown to black, pruinose predominantly dark greenish-gray to brown. All macrosetae with alveolae slightly oblong and slightly raised, margins darkened. Chaetotaxy: 1+3 dorsocentrals (two posteriormost postsutural dorsocentral setae, strongest), prescutellar acrostical absent, 1 postpronotal (along with a few setulae), 1 presutural intra-alar, 1 postsutural intra-alar, 2 notopleural (anterior setae slightly longer and strongest), 2 supra-alars (longer and stronger posterior, as long and strong as anterior postalar), 2 postalars (longer and strongest anterior setae, as long and strong as posterior postalar setae, and 2 additional minute setulae between them). Prescutellum absent. Scutellum concolorous with scutum, with sparse light brown to dark brown pruinosity; with two pairs of macrosetae, proximal pair slightly shorter and weaker than apical pair; scutellar disc with some small scattered setulae, with cluster of 3 or more setulae located between proximal and apical pairs of scutellar macrosetae. Pleuron light brown to black, with sparse brownish-gray pruinosity, denser on proepisternum and around anterior spiracle; pleura above katepisternum without setae or setulae, except for 1 propleural seta. Katepisternum with 3 stout setae along dorsal edge, in addition to some setulae.

LEGS ( Figs 2, 26, 49). Coxae and femora light brown to brown, slightly lighter at distal end of femur. All tibiae predominantly yellow, slightly darker on anterodorsal surface; tarsi yellow to dark yellow, tarsomeres 3–5 slightly darker. Mid tibia with one stout apical spur.

WING ( Figs 1–2, 6, 25–26, 30, 48–49, 53). Length 3.3–4.5 mm; width 1.1–1.7 mm. Vein C extended to M 1, with costal spinules extended to apex of vein R 2+3. Membrane hyaline, slightly yellowish. Halter dark yellow to brown, with base of stem and knob base slightly darker.

ABDOMEN ( Figs 1, 25, 48). Tergites dark yellow to light brown, subshiny, with sparse yellowish-gray pruinosity; setulae black, tergites 3–5 with long setae on posterior margin and laterally on syntergite 1+ 2. Tergite 5 with small sublateral shallow concavities.

MALE TERMINALIA ( Figs 7 –18, 31–41, 54–64, 73–81). Tergite 6 absent. Sternite 6 assymmetrical, strongly connected to left of syntergosternite 7+8 and including tracheal opening, and almost reaching right end of syntergosternite 7+ 8 (Figs 10–11, 34–35, 57–58). Syntergosternite 7+ 8 symmetrical, strongly fused, strongly sclerotized, except for membranous area on distal margin with two sublateral lobes slightly sclerotized, bare, about 5.0 × as wide as long (Figs 9, 33, 56). Sternite 7 membranous, symmetrical, weakly connected to right lobe of syntergosternite 7+ 8, with large ventromedial concavity (Figs 10–11, 34–35, 57–58). Epandrium yellow to dark brown, ‘saddle-shaped’; with brown to dark brown setulae, more elongated on laterodistal ends, except for triangular areas on anterolateral margins, weakly interconnected anteromedially, glabrous. Cercus yellow, subtriangular, long, as long as length of inner surstylus, medial surface subparallel, setae dark yellow to light brown, medially proclinate and extended slightly beyond cercal opening, thereafter these are slightly reclinate, including those located on medial surface of distal ¼ of cercus ( Figs 7 –14, 31–38, 54–61, 73, 75, 77). Surstyli, concolorous with epandrium, lobes strongly fused (not articulated) to epandrium. Inner and outer surstyli weakly to strongly fused together at proximal end. Inner surstylus ‘rod-shaped’ and narrow, slightly narrower than proximal half of outer surstylus, slightly shorter and surrounded by outer surstylus; both surstyli with dense yellowish setae, with fringes of elongated setae on edges of outer surstylus ( Figs 8 –14; 32–38; 55–61). Outer surstylus with large, clavate distal lobe, densely setulose in distal ¾, glabrous in proximal ¼ ( Figs 7 –14; 31–38; 54–61). Subepandrial sclerite, ‘bra-shaped’, strongly sclerotized, weakly articulated with hypandrium and strongly articulated with both surstyli and cerci (Figs 12–13, 36–38, 59–60, 74, 76, 78). Hypandrium, very short, about 3.5 × as wide as long, strongly sclerotized, slightly concave distally in dorsal view; concave in lateral view, extended laterally around base of phallapodeme and phallus. Gonocoxal apodemes, with ventral median U-shaped concavity, distally open; gonocoxal apodeme directed upward, connected at anterior margin by short band, slightly longer than median diameter of phallapodeme, forming case surrounding phallic complex; distal end more broadly open in U-shape. Pregonite robust and strongly connected to gonocoxal apodeme, without any point of weakness between them; pregonite curved ventrodistally, with angle varying among species (between 90° and 150°), articulated subdistally with postgonite; postgonite with short, sparse, almost imperceptible setae (Figs 15–18, 39–41, 62–64, 79–81). Postgonite, long, laminate, bifid distally. Phallapodeme, rodlike, about 1.3–1.5 × as long as length of phallus; ‘fork-shaped’ phallus in dorsal and ventral views, surrounded by membrane, apparently smooth, bilobed distally in lateral view; distal lobes dark yellow, Y-shaped, with large opening in ventral view.

Female

Similar to male (in external morphology of head, thorax, wings, legs and abdomen).

TERMINALIA ( Figs 19–24, 42–47, 65–72). Tergite 6 dark yellow to brown. Sternite 6 membranous, with anteromedial sclerotization ‘top hat-shaped’. Tergite 7 strongly fused to sternite 7. Segment 8 entirely membranous. Epiproct small, plate-like. Cerci dark yellow, setose, separated, elongated and thin. Spermathecae in single pair, each ‘mushroom-shaped’, light brown to brown.

Remarks

Papaverodinia gen. nov. is similar to the genera Schildomyia Malloch, 1926 and Lopesiodinia Prado 1973 in that it has a wing with the C vein extended to the M 1 vein. However, it is easily separated from Schildomyia by having a lunule with a pubescent dark brown to black spot; three fronto-orbital setae almost equidistant, the 1 st and 2 nd pairs only slightly closer to each other, scutellar disc with 1 to 3 setulae, sometimes glabrous; tergite 6 absent (in Schlidomyia, lunule without spot; 1 st and 2 nd pairs of frontoorbitals very close to each other, scutellar disc densely setulose, tergite 6 present).

The new genus differs from Lopesiodinia in having posterior intra-alar setae, tergite 6 absent (in Lopesiodinia , posterior intra-alar setae absent, tergite 6 present).

Key to the species of Traginopinae Hennig, 1965

Key to adults; here, we modify couplet 20 in the key of Tôrres et al. (2021) to accommodate the inclusion of Papaverodinia gen. nov., and its included species.

20. Scutellar disc and margins with numerous setulae ....................... Schildomyia Malloch, 1926 (21)

– Scutellum with few (up to 7) marginal setulae ...........................................................................20A

20A.Posterior intra-alar setae present. Tergite 6 in male absent ............. Papaverodinia gen. nov. (20B)

– Posterior intra-alar setae absent. Tergite 6 in male present ............. Lopesiodinia Prado, 1973 (29)

20B. Frons with lateral margins yellow from 3 rd pair fronto-orbital seta and encompassing bases of the 1 st and 2 nd pairs fronto-orbital setae ( Figs 3, 50). Inner surstylus parallel-sided in both anterior and lateral view (Figs 9, 14, 55, 61). Outer surstylus with basal part narrow, less than ¼ of distal lobe height (Figs 14, 61). Angle of pregonite 90–120° or less ( Figs 79, 81). Subepandrial sclerite with anteromedial margin in an open U-shaped ( Figs 74, 78) ............................................................20C

– Frons with lateral margins yellow only along very edge, lateral to bases of fronto-orbital setae ( Fig. 27). Inner surstylus expanded and club-like distally in both anterior and lateral views ( Figs 36, 38), and distinctly curved following the curvature of the posterior margin of the outer surstylus in lateral view ( Fig. 38). Outer surstylus with basal part thick, nearly ½ height of distal lobe ( Fig. 38). Angle of pregonite 150° ( Fig. 80). Subepandrial sclerite with anteromedial margin in a ‘open end wrench-shaped’ ( Fig. 76) ................................................... Papaverodinia canalesi gen. et sp. nov.

20C.Mesonotum predominantly brown, with narrow brown median vitta, brown at the bases of the 1 st and 2 nd pairs of dorsocentral setae and laterally, yellow pruinosity at the posterolateral corners ( Figs 2, 5). Scutellum entirely light brown with yellow margin ( Fig. 5). Middle tibia yellow ( Fig. 2). Antenna with pedicel, basal postpedicel and the first two aristal segments predominantly yellow-orange ( Figs 3, 4). Epandrium 1.4 × taller than long (Fig. 14) ......................................................... ................................................................................ Papaverodinia chiquinhamum gen. et sp. nov.

– Mesonotum dark throughout ( Figs 49, 52), without vitta. Scutellum entirely dark ( Fig. 52). Mid tibia dark, except yellow at distal and proximal tips ( Fig. 49). Antenna entirely brown ( Figs 50–51). Epandrium length and height subequal (Fig. 61) ............ Papaverodinia willkeniae gen. et sp. nov.