Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)

Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL ( Nymphalidae ) *

L3; 14/III/2020, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 03/VII/2019,> 60 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 07/X/2019, 86 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 10/V/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 16/V/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 18/XI/2019, 22 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 29/X/2019, 17 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 06/VII/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 08/V/2020, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 22/IX/2020, very worn, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 22/V/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 29/V/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 02/III/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 22/IV/2021, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 28/IV/2021, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 24/I/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 07/VI/2019, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 08/VI/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 10/XII/2019, 38 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 18/XII/2019, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 19/IX/2019, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 30/X/2019, 87 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 02/XI/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 14/II/2020, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 17/I/2020, 14 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 19/V/2020, nect. on L. dentata , 75 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 23/V/2020, 28 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 28/II/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 29/IV/2020, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 06/V/2021, nect. on L. dentata , 27 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 09/XII/2021, nect. on L. dentata , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 25/III/2021, 8 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 19/III/2023, nect. on L. dentata , Sonchus sp. , and Crepis sp. , 22 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 10/XII/2019, 58 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 19/V/2020, nect. on L. dentata , 62 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 01/IV/2021, nect. on L. dentata , 29 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 06/V/2021, nect. on L. dentata , 122 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 12/III/2021, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 11/VI/2022, nect. on P. maritima , 6 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 12/VI/2022, nect. on S. atropurpurea , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 04/III/2023, nect. on L. dentata and Helianthemum sp. Mill., 7 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 12/III/2023, nect. on L. dentata , 21 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 19/III/2023, nect. on L. dentata and R. hosmariense , 54 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 16/IV/2024, nect. on P. maritima , L. dentata , and I. gibraltarica , 12 ex. v., JLR; L9; 30/X/2019, 62 ex. v., JLR.; L11; 25/II/2022, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L12; 03/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L12; 01/XII/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L12; 14/III/2020, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L12; 21/VI/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea , 11 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 13/VI/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea , 21 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 08/V/2021, 17 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 17/IV/2021, 11 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 25/III/2021, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 06/III/2022, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 14/V/2022, nect. on P. spinosa and P. odora , 37 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 29/VI/2023, very worn, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L14; 04/VIII/2019, nect. on C. hispanica , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L14; 17/IV/2021, nect. on L. stoechas , 8 ex. v., JLR.; L14; 17/X/2021, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L15; 20/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L15; 24/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L15; 09/II/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L15; 12/III/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L17; 03/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L17; 09/II/2020, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L18; 13/VI/2019, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L21; 15/VII/2019, 13 ex. v., JLR.; L21; 27/VII/2019, nect. on C. Calcitrapa and M. suaveolens , 13 ex. v., JLR.; L21; 27/VI/2021, nect. on M. pulegium and M. suaveolens , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L22; 01/IV/2021, nect. on L. stoechas , 10 ex. v., JLR.; L22; 14/VI/2021, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L22; 17/X/2021, nect. on D. viscosa , 8 ex. v., JLR.; L23; 14/VI/2021, 22 ex. v., JLR.; L23; 15/V/2021, nect. on L. stoechas , C. crispus , A. clavatus , A. radiatus , A. arvensis , S. atropurpurea , and P. odora , 14 ex. v., JLR.; L23; 18/IV/2021, nect. on C. crispus , P. spinosa , U. dalechampii , and L. stoechas , 21 ex. v., JLR.; L23; 15/V/2022, nect. on Trifolium isthmocarpum Brot. , G. tomentosus , A. clavatus , T. barbata , P. spinosa , and P. odora , 37 ex. v., JLR.; L24; 15/VII/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L24; 17/IV/2021, nect. on L. stoechas , 16 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 13/VI/2019, very fresh, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 15/VI/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 22/V/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 07/III/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 12/VI/2021, nect. on M. pulegium , T. caeruleum , S. atropurpurea , and R. ulmifolius , 37 ex. v., JLR.; L27; 15/VII/2019, 14 ex. v., JLR.; L27; 17/VII/2019, 20 ex. v., JLR.; L27; 27/VII/2019, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L27; 14/VI/2021, nect. on T. caeruleum , 8 ex. v., JLR.; L27; 29/VI/2021, nect. on T. caeruleum and S. atropurpurea , 10 ex. v., JLR.; L28; 12/III/2020, 18 ex. v., JLR.; L30; 02/IX/2019, 3 ex. v., EZ.; L34; 04/V/2023, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 07/VI/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 18/XII/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 18/XII/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 22/V/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 29/VI/2020, 12 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 15/VI/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 27/IX/2019, 86 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 03/II/2020, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 09/II/2020, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 14/II/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 17/I/2020, 8 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 21/VI/2020, 34 ex. v., JLr.; L36; 29/VI/2020, 31 ex. v., JlR.; L36; 17/X/2021, 11 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 25/III/2021, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 05/V/2023, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 23/I/2023, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L37; 15/VII/2019, 12 ex. v., JLR.; L37; 09/VI/2021, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L40; 12/V/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L40; 17/I/2020, 8 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 05/VII/2019, 17 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 25/XI/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 27/IX/2019, 54 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 28/VI/2019, 36 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 10/VII/2020, nect. on M. pulegium and M. suaveolens , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L42; 25/XI/2019, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L42; 06/VI/2020, nect. on L. stoechas , 4 ex. v., JLR.; L43; 15/VII/2019, 7 ex. v., JLR.; L43; 28/VII/2019, nect. on M. suaveolens , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L48; 01/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L59; 19/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L60; 15/IX/2019, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L60; 17/IX/2020, nect. on M. suaveolens , very worn, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L62; 03/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L62; 04/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L63; 12/VI/2021, nect. on S. atropurpurea , very fresh, 16 ex. v., JLR.; L64; 31/I/2020, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 26/V/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 27/VII/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 06/VI/2020, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 15/V/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 31/I/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L68; 28/II/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L69; 23/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L69; 24/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L70; 01/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L70; 27/X/2021, nect. on D. viscosa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 11/V/2019, 13 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 18/V/2019, 4 ex.

v., JLR.; L73; 06/VI/2020, nect. on D. gerardi and L. stoechas , 16 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 02/IV/2021, nect. on L. stoechas , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L74; 11/V/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L74; 02/IV/2021, nect. on L. stoechas , 25 ex. v., JLR.; L74; 13/VI/2022, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L75; 13/VI/2022, nect. on R. ulmifolius , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L80; 01/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L80; 08/VI/2019, nect. on P. spinosa and S. atropurpurea , 6 ex. v., JLR.; L86; 14/II/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 23/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L88; 24/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L88; 12/VII/2020, nect. on M. suaveolens , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 25/VII/2020, nect. on M. suaveolens , 7 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 08/V/2021, 13 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 12/VI/2021, nect. on M. pulegium , very worn, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 17/IV/2021, 19 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 15/V/2022, 16 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 21/V/2022, nect. on A. radiatus and A. arvensis , very worn, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L89; 11/V/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L92; 23/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L92; 24/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L94; 06/VI/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L111; 01/IX/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L111; 01/IX/2019, 2 ex. v., JlR.; L117; 29/VI/2019, 14 ex. v., JLR.; L126; 04/VII/2019,> 30 ex. v., JLR.; L130; 07/V/2023, nect. on Diplotaxis sp. , A. radiates , and P. maritima , 4 ex. v., JLR.; L131; 14/III/2021, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 09/III/2020, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 10/II/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 14/VII/2020, nect. on V. karroo , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 20/VI/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 19/IV/2021, 7 ex. v., JLR.; L133; 11/IV/2021, 7 ex. v., JLR.; L139; 05/VII/2019,> 50 ex. v., JLR.; L139; 23/VII/2019, 20 ex. v., JLR.; L139; 27/VI/2019, 27 ex. v., JLR.; L139; 29/VI/2019,> 90 ex. v., JLR.; L139; 17/X/2021, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L140; 04/VII/2019,> 35 ex. v., JLR.; L141; 06/V/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L144; 01/V/2021, nect. on various flowers, 27 ex. v., JLR.; L144; 02/IV/2021, 15 ex. v., JLR.; L144; 19/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L145; 13/XII/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L145; 01/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 12 ex. v., JLR.; L145; 18/IV/2024, nect. on P. maritima , E. creticum , and L. sinuatum , 8 ex. v., JLR.; L147; 27/I/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L149; 26/II/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L151; 24/IX/2019, 14 ex. v., JLR.; L151; 06/V/2020, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L154; 15/X/2019, 12 ex. v., JLR.; L154; 01/II/2020, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L154; 11/IV/2021, 15 ex. v., JLR.; L156; 05/VII/2019,> 40 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 14/IX/2019, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 21/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L157; 24/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L157; 08/XI/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 23/III/2021, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 21/IV/2024, nect. on G. coronaria and P. maritima , 7 ex. v., JLR.

Comment: Previously mentioned for Ceuta and surroundings by Bacallado Aránega et al. (2012) without precise records. Observations were recorded from 65 localities within 22 1× 1 km UTM squares. This species is well known for its large-scale migration between Europe and Africa, with the Tingitan Peninsula likely serving as an important passage area ( Suchan et al., 2024). In Ceuta, adults were observed all year round, with peak occurrences in May and July, and large aggregations noted from late June to early July. This was the most frequently recorded species in Ceuta, where it is abundant and widely distributed, occurring in all habitat types. Adults were observed nectaring on a diverse range of plant species, including L. dentata , L. stoechas , A. radiatus , A. clavatus , G. coronaria , A. arvensis , Sonchus sp. , Crepis sp. , S. atropurpurea , Diplotaxis sp. , C. corymbosa , P. odora , D. carota , P. spinosa , P. odora , C. vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia , A. integrifolia , G. tomentosus , C. calcitrapa , J. foliosa , Helianthemum sp. , C. salviifolius , C. crispus , D. viscosa , Urospermum dalechampii , T. barbata , R. ulmifolius , M. suaveolens , M. pulegium , I. gibraltarica , E. creticum , L. sinuatum , V. karroo , T. isthmocarpum , D. gerardi , P. maritima , and R. hosmariense .