Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758), 1984

Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL ( Nymphalidae )

L2; 08/XI/2019, nect. on D. viscosa , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 16/X/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 07/X/2021, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 27/IX/2021, nect. on D. viscosa , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 17/XI/2022, nect. on D. viscosa , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 15/XI/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 30/X/2019, nect. on D. viscosa , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 11/X/2020, nect. on Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) W.T. Aiton, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L9; 08/XI/2019, nect. on D. viscosa , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L9; 20/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 4 ex. v., JLR.; L14; 22/VI/2019, nect. on G. fruticosus , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L14; 25/VII/2020, nect. on G. fruticosus and D. gnidium , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L14; 17/X/2021, perch. on G. fruticosus , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L19; 27/VI/2021, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L22; 17/X/2021, nect. on D. viscosa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L23; 14/VI/2021, nect. on G. fruticosus , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 03/II/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 20/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 4 ex. v., JLR.; L38; 20/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 01/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L41; 05/VII/2019, nect. on A. curassavica , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 13/IX/2019, nect. on G. fruticosus , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 25/X/2019, perch. on G. fruticosus and A. curassavica , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 27/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 28/VI/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 28/VI/2019, nect. on G. fruticosus , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 05/IX/2020, nect. on G. fruticosus and A. curassavica , 18 ex. v., JLR.; L41; 10/VII/2020, nect. on A. curassavica , 6 ex. v., JLR.; L60; 15/IX/2019, nect. on G. fruticosus and A. curassavica , 15 ex. v., JLR.; L60; 25/IX/2021, nect. on A. curassavica , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L64; 31/I/2020, perch. on A. curassavica , 6 ex. v., JLR.; L65; 17/IX/2020, nect. on A. curassavica , 13 ex. v., JLR.; L69; 23/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L70; 27/X/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 20/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 6 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 12/VII/2020, nect. on M. suaveolens and G. fruticosus , 4 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 25/VII/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L92; 06/X/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L108; 24/X/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L110; 01/XI/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L113; 01/XI/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L115; 30/X/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L116; 10/X/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L119; 01/XI/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L134; 01/XI/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L135; 05/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L136; 01/XI/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L144; 19/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 6 ex. v., JLR.; L145; 01/XI/2023, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L149; 16/X/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L149; 01/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L150; 01/XI/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L150; 05/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 6 ex. v., JLR.

Comment: The presence of this species in Ceuta was first recorded by Chamorro (1984), who suggested that a resident reproductive population might exist. Observations have now been recorded in 33 localities located within 17 1× 1 km UTM squares, from June to November, confirming the presence of a stable breeding population. Larvae have been observed on G. fruticosus . According to Tarrier & Delacre (2008) and Tarrier (2025d), this species has established colonies in fewer than 10 10× 10 km UTM squares in Morocco. The neArest known colony to CeutA is At Smir LAgoon (M’diq- Fnideq prefecture, approximately 17 km south of Ceuta), where it is sympatric with Danaus plexippus . Adults have been observed nectaring on the flowers of Dittrichia viscosa , M. suaveolens , Daphne gnidium , and Genista fruticosus , as well as on Asclepias curassavica , which also serves as the larval host plant ( García-Barros et al., 2013).