Argynnis pandora (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

Argynnis pandora View in CoL ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) ( Nymphalidae ) **

L4; 20/VI/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L19; 27/VI/2021, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 13/VI/2019, nect. on T. caeruleum L., 1 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 03/VIII/2019, nect. on Carlina hispanica Lam. O. Bolòs & Vigo , 2 ex.

v., JLR.; L48; 01/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L58; 02/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L60; 15/IX/2019, patrolling behaviour, 1 ex. v., JLR.

Comment: Observations were recorded at 7 localities in 7 1× 1 km UTM squares, between June and September. This species appears to be a scarce and localised in Ceuta, where it is recorded for the first time. Imagines were observed nectaring on the inflorescences of T. caeruleum and C. hispanica . Larvae predominantly feed on Viola spp. ( Violaceae ), though use of Valerianella sp. Mill. ( Valerianaceae ) has also been documented ( Tarrier & Delacre, 2008; García-Barros et al., 2013; Tarrier, 2025d). In Ceuta, the only Viola L. species that could potentially support A. pandora populations is Viola arborescens Loefl. Ex Ging. ( Chamorro, 1995; Ugarte et al., 2003a), though this interaction has not yet been observed. The population in Ceuta belongs to the subspecies A. pandora seitzi (Früshstorfer, 1908) , which is found in North Africa and the Canary Islands ( Tennent, 1996; Tarrier & Delacre, 2008; Leraut, 2016; Tarrier, 2025d).