Thymelicus hamza (Oberthür, 1876)

Thymelicus hamza (Oberthür, 1876) View in CoL ( Hesperiidae )

L4; 15/V/2019, nect. on S. atropurpurea , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 15/V/2019, 1 ex. coll., JLR.; L4; 22/V/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea and perch. on H. hirta , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 29/V/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 08/VI/2019, 3 ex. v. and coll., JLR.; L5; 21/VI/2019, 1 ex. coll., JLR.; L5; 08/VI/2019, 1 ex. coll., 1 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 21/VI/2019, 1 ex. coll., JLR.; L5; 19/V/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea and perch. on D. glomerata , 10 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 23/V/2020, nect. on Diplotaxis sp. DC. and Sonchus sp. L., 7 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 19/V/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea and perch. on D. glomerata , 4 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 30/IV/2024, nect. on Hexaphylla hirsuta (Desf.) P. Caputo & Del Guacchio and P. maritima , 3 ex., JLR.; L12; 21/VI/2020, nect. on Carlina corymbosa L., P. odora , and S. atropurpurea , 6 ex. v., JLR.; L12; 14/VI/2021, nect. on S. atropurpurea , D. carota , P. spinosa , Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Thuill.) Thell. , and Andryala integrifolia L., 27 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 13/VI/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea , 12 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 08/V/2021, nect. on Galactites tomentosus Moench and perch. on H. hirta and Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcang , 4 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 27/VI/2021, nect. on S. atropurpurea , P. spinosa , and A. integrifolia , and perch. on various grasses, 25 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 14/V/2022, nect. on S. atropurpurea and P. spinosa , and perch. on H. hirta and A. mauritanicus , 18 ex. v., JLR.; L14; 13/VI/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L15; 13/VI/2019, 2 ex. coll., 4 ex. v., JLR.; L16; 16/V/2021, nect. on S. atropurpurea and Jasione foliosa Cav. , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L18; 13/VI/2019, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L19; 27/VI/2021, nect. on S. atropurpurea , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L22; 14/VI/2021, nect. on S. atropurpurea and P. spinosa , and perch. on Hypparhenia hirta , 12 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 22/VI/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 22/VI/2019, 1 ex. coll., 1 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 12/VI/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L34; 04/V/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 26/V/2019, nect. on L. stoechas , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 07/VI/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 26/V/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 07/VI/2019, 1 ex. coll., 2 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 22/V/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 15/VI/2019, 17 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 15/VI/2019, 3 ex. coll., 13 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 21/VI/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 05/V/2023, nect. on Diplotaxis sp. DC, nect. on C. salviifolius , C. crispus , and S. atropurpurea , 12 ex. v., JLR.; L37; 09/VI/2021, nect. on S. atropurpurea , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L42; 16/VI/2019, nect. on Mentha pulegium L. and Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L42; 06/VI/2020, nect. on C. crispus and C. salviifolius , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L43; 07/VI/2019, 1 ex. v., 1 ex. coll., JLR.; L50; 16/VI/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L51; 16/VI/2019, 2 ex. coll., 3 ex. v., JLR.; L52; 16/VI/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L63; 12/VI/2021, nect. on S. atropurpurea , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 26/V/2019, nect. on S. atropurpurea and P. spinosa , 10 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 13/VI/2019, nect. on P. spinosa , P. odora , and S. atropurpurea , 9 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 26/V/2019, 4 ex. coll., 6 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 13/VI/2019, 3 ex. coll., 5 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 06/VI/2020, perch. on grasses, D. glomerata and H. hirta , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 21/VI/2020, nect. on D. carota , P. spinosa , P. odora , and S. atropurpurea , 15 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 18/V/2019, nect. on C. monspeliensis , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 06/VI/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea and Dorycnopsis gerardi (L.) Boiss., 8 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 06/VI/2020, 8 ex. v., JLR.; L74; 18/V/2019, 1 ex. coll., 1 ex. v., JLR.; L74; 13/VI/2022, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L80; 08/VI/2019, nect. on C. salviifolius , D. carota , P. spinosa , and S. atropurpurea , 12 ex. v., 4 ex. coll., JLR.; L88; 06/VI/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L94; 06/VI/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L150; 04/IV/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.

Comment: First recorded in Ceuta by Monasterio et al. (2020). Observations have been documented from 29 localities spanning 11 1× 1 km UTM squares. This species is abundant and widely distributed in Ceuta, with adults active from April to July, peaking between May and June. Adults have been observed nectaring on a diverse array of plants including S. atropurpurea , Diplotaxis sp. , Sonchus sp. , C. corymbosa , P. odora , D. carota , P. spinosa , P. maritima , C. vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia , A. integrifolia , Galactites tomentosus , J. foliosa , L. stoechas , D. gerardi , C. nepeta , M. pulegium , H. hirsuta , C. salviifolius , C. monspeliensis , and C. crispus . The larval host plant used by this species remains unknown.