Colias croceus (Geoffroy, 1785)

Colias croceus (Geoffroy, 1785) View in CoL ( Pieridae ) *

L4; 05/VI/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 07/V/2019, nect. on G. tomentosus and S. atropurpurea , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 16/V/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 17/VI/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 24/V/2019, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 17/VI/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 19/VI/2020, 11 ex. v., 1 ex. helice form, JLR.; L4; 22/V/2020, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 29/V/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L4; 28/IV/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 07/VI/2019, 7 ex. typical form v., 3 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L5; 19/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L5; 21/VI/2019, 1 ex. typical form v., 1 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L5; 11/III/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 14/II/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 19/V/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea and P. maritima , 9 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 23/V/2020, 11 ex. v., 2 ex. helice form, JLR.; L5; 29/IV/2020, 8 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 06/V/2021, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L5; 17/II/2022, nect. on O. pes-caprae , 6 ex. v., 1 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L6; 19/V/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 11/VI/2022, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 12/VI/2022, nect. on S. atropurpurea , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L6; 30/IV/2024, nect. on P. maritima and L. dentata , 6 ex. v., 2 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L8; 17/II/2022, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L9; 23/VII/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L12; 21/VI/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L12; 14/VI/2021, 10 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 13/VI/2020, 11 ex. v., 2 ex. helice form, JLR.; L13; 08/V/2021, nect. on Diplotaxis sp. , S. atropurpurea , and Anacyclus radiatus Loisel. , 6 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 08/V/2021, nect. on C. crispus and P. odora , 11 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 17/IV/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 27/VI/2021, nect. on S. atropurpurea , P. odora , and P. spinosa , 4 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 14/V/2022, nect. on P. spinosa , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L13; 29/VI/2023, nect. on D. carota , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L14; 22/VI/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L14; 17/X/2021, nect. on M. suaveolens and D. viscosa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L16; 16/V/2021, 14 ex. v., JLR.; L17; 02/II/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L17; 09/II/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L17; 29/I/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L19; 27/VI/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L21; 29/VI/2023, nect. on S. atropurpurea and C. calcitrapa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L22; 12/VII/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L22; 01/IV/2021, nect. on L. stoechas , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L22; 14/VI/2021, 5 ex. v., 1 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L22; 17/X/2021, nect. on C. nepeta and D. viscosa , 7 ex. v., 1 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L23; 15/V/2021, nect. on Urospermum dalechampii (L.) Scop. ex F.W. Schmidt, Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers , A. radiatus , Anthemis arvensis Pall. ex M. Bieb. , S. atropurpurea , and P. odora , 18 ex. v., 2 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L23; 18/IV/2021, nect. on U. dalechampii , 12 ex. v., 2 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L23; 15/V/2022, nect. on A. radiatus , A. clavatus , Tolpis barbata (L.) Gaertn., P. spinosa , and P. odora , 20 ex. v., 2 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L24; 17/IV/2021, 7 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 13/VI/2019, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 22/V/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 12/VI/2021, 12 ex. v., JLR.; L25; 12/VI/2021, nect. on S. atropurpurea , P. spinosa , A. integrifolia , Linum tenue Desf. , and Cynara cardunculus L., 10 ex. v., JLR.; L27; 15/VII/2019, nect. on T. caeruleum , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L27; 27/VII/2020, nect. on T. caeruleum , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L28; 12/VII/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L29; 22/VI/2019, 1 ex. v. typical form, 1 ex. v. helice form, JLR.; L32; 20/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L34; 04/V/2023, 3 ex. v., 1 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L35; 07/VI/2019, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 22/V/2019, 3 ex. v., 2 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L35; 22/V/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 29/VI/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 23/VII/2023, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L35; 23/VII/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 15/VI/2019, 7 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 09/II/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 14/II/2020, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 29/VI/2020, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 17/X/2021, nect. on D. viscosa , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 25/III/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 05/V/2023, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L36; 23/VII/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L37; 09/VI/2021, 21 ex. v., 2 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L41; 10/VII/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L42; 16/VI/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L42; 06/VI/2020, 9 ex. v., JLR.; L43; 07/VI/2019, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L47; 20/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L59; 19/III/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L60; 25/IX/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L62; 04/IX/2019, 1 ex. v., EZ.; L63; 12/VI/2021, nect. on S. atropurpurea , D. carota , A. radiatus , L. tenue , and C. cardunculus , 22 ex. v., 1 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L66; 26/V/2019, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 06/VI/2020, 4 ex. v., 1 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L66; 15/V/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L66; 21/VI/2020, nect. on S. atropurpurea and P. spinosa , 6 ex. v., JLR.; L67; 29/IX/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L69; 23/III/2019, 2 ex. v., EZ.; L73; 11/V/2019, nect. on C. crispus , 5 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 18/V/2019, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L73; 06/VI/2020, 7 ex. v., 2 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L73; 06/VI/2020, 10 ex. v., 1 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L73; 20/XI/2023, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L74; 11/V/2019, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L74; 02/IV/2021, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L74; 13/VI/2022, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L75; 13/VI/2022, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L76; 16/VI/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L80; 08/VI/2019, 3 ex. typical form v., 1 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L83; 12/VI/2022, nect. on T. caeruleum , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 06/VI/2020, 8 ex. v., 1 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L88; 08/V/2021, nect. on P. spinosa and E. creticum ,

2 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 12/VI/2021, nect. on A. integrifolia and M. pulegium , 3 ex. v., JLR.; L88; 15/V/2021, nect. on P. spinosa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L94; 06/VI/2020, 8 ex. v., 2 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L124; 10/VI/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L130; 16/VI/2020, 12 ex. v., 2 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L130; 07/V/2023, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 10/II/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L132; 20/VI/2020, 14 ex. v., 2 ex. helice form, JLR.; L132; 19/IV/2021, 6 ex. v., JLR.; L133; 11/IV/2021, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L133; 19/IV/2021, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L133; 23/III/2021, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L139; 12/V/2019, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L141; 06/V/2020, 5 ex. v., 1 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L141; 16/V/2020, 1 ex. helice form, JLR.; L142; 02/V/2020, 5 ex. v., 1 ex. helice form v., JLR.; L142; 03/V/2020, 4 ex. v., JLR.; L142; 17/V/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L144; 01/V/2021, 5 ex. v., JLR.; L144; 19/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L145; 01/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 2 ex. v., JLR.; L145; 01/XI/2023, nect. on D. viscosa , 1 ex. v., JLR.; L147; 27/I/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L150; 03/V/2020, 3 ex. v., JLR.; L151; 06/V/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L152; 02/V/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L154; 01/II/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L154; 16/I/2020, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L154; 11/IV/2021, 2 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 08/XI/2020, 1 ex. v., JLR.; L157; 09/VI/2020, 5 ex. v., JLR.

Comment: Observations have been recorded from 58 localities in 19 1× 1 km UTM squares, with activity documented throughout the year. Peak abundances occur in May, June, and September. These represent the first confirmed records for Ceuta, though the species had been previously mentioned without specific data by Bacallado Aránega et al. (2012). Imagines have been observed visiting S. atropurpurea , D. carota , E. creticum , L. tenue , C. crispus , C. cardunculus , C. calcitrapa , G. tomentosus , L. stoechas , Clinopodium nepeta , T. caeruleum , A. integrifolia , A. arvensis , T. barbata , D. viscosa , A. radiatus , P. odora , P. spinosa , D. viscosa , O. pes-caprae , M. pulegium , and M. suaveolens . Both the typical form and the helice form have been observed.