Dorachosa Distant, 1892b

Genus Dorachosa Distant, 1892b View in CoL

Dorachosa Distant 1892b: 63 .

Herrera Distant 1905a: 486 .

Remarks. While this work was under review, a field guide to North American cicadas was published (Kratzer 2024). In it, Herrera was synonymized with Dorachosa . After examining specimens identified as Dorachosa explicata Distant, 1892b , the synonymy appears to be valid. The only previously known species of Dorachosa possesses structures that are characteristic of Carinetini like the genitalia (e.g., long dorsal beak, developed upper pygofer lobes, claspers, and basal lobe appendages), large fore femora spines, operculum shape, etc. that are not found in Taphurini where these structures are absent or of diagnostically different shapes. In addition, Dorachosa has a head as wide as the mesonotum like species of Herrera and otherwise unique within the Carinetini while the head width is greater than the mesonotum width in Taphurini .

The tentative reassignment of Herrera acclivis (Sanborn, 2017) , Herrera martiniquensis (Davis, 1938) , and Carineta viridicollis (Germar, 1830) in Kratzer (2024) are confirmed as the species from Martinique had already been reassigned to Herrera (Sanborn 2024b) and images of the Germar Cicada viridicollis syntypes deposited in the Zoological Museum, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, L’viv, Ukraine (http://zoomus.lviv.ua/GERMAR/ ZM3845web.htm) were compared to specimens in hand confirm their reassignment.

Combining the generic descriptions of Dorachosa (Distant 1892b) and Herrera (Distant 1905a) , species of the expanded Dorachosa are those species possessing a head about as wide as the mesonotum (many species described since then possess a head wider than the mesonotum), eyes long, obliquely angled posteriorly, and with the medial margins ampliate, ocelli separated from each other about the same distance as from the eyes, a vertex that is longer than the frons, postclypeus globose, centrally sulcate with transverse grooves and ridges, a pronotum that is more than twice as wide as long and as long as the mesonotum, the lateral pronotal collar is straight and truncated, the pronotal collar lateral angles are slightly ampliated, the mesonotum has a well developed cruciform elevation with slender anterior arms, an abdomen that is about as long as the distance from the apex of the head to the posterior cruciform elevation, epipleurites reflexed medially, timbal covers are absent, male opercula are generally small (there are a few with large opercula including one of the new species), fore femora with three large spines reducing in size from proximal to distal spine, the fore wing basal cell is longer than broad and wider at the base than at the apex, the fore wing medial cell is distally broad with the mediocubital crossvein forming oblique angles with the proximal cubitus anterior 1 and median vein 4, and the fore wing width is more than one-third but less than half the fore wing length. The ratio of fore wing width and length has become highly variable as more species were described and is less useful as a diagnostic character for the genus. The width of the head is a prime character to distinguish species of Dorachosa from species of Carineta .

Type species. Dorachosa explicata Distant 1892b: 64 (Matachin, Panama).

Included species. Dorachosa acclivis (Sanborn, 2017) , D. ancilla (Stål, 1864) , D. aurenigrapilosa (Sanborn, 2019b) , D. barrocoloradoensis (Sanborn, 2020g), D. bilabeculafissura sp. nov., D. castaneanigricula (Sanborn, 2024b) comb. nov., D. castanetorquata (Sanborn, 2020b) , D. cephalodigramma (Sanborn, 2020b) , D. chanchamayoensis (Sanborn, 2020b) , D. chelappendicula (Sanborn, 2020c) , D. concolor (Sanborn, 2019a) , D. coyamensis (Sanborn, 2007) , D. criqualicae (Boulard, 1986a) , D. dentata (Sanborn, 2020b) , D. freiae (Sanborn, 2019a) , D. grammosticta (Sanborn, 2020a) , D. guianaensis (Sanborn, 2011a) , D. guimararesensis sp. nov., D. humilistrata (Sanborn & Heath, 2014) , D. infuscata (Sanborn 2009) , D. laticapitata (Davis, 1938) , D. lugubrina compostelensis (Davis, 1938) , D. lugubrina lugubrina (Stål, 1864) , D. martiniquensis (Davis, 1934) , D. melanomesocranon (Sanborn, 2019a) , D. moyabambaensis (Sanborn, 2020b) , D. nigratorquata (Sanborn, 2018) , D. nigropercula (Sanborn, 2020b) , D. phyllodes (Sanborn, 2019a) , D. picadae (Jacobi, 1907b) comb. nov., D. polygramma (Sanborn, 2020b) , D. quadrimacula (Sanborn, 2020b) , D. quadroacuminata (Sanborn, 2020d) , D. quinimaculata (Sanborn, 2011a) , D. sahlbergi (Stål, 1854) , D. sigillata (Sanborn, 2018) , D. signifera (Sanborn, 2019a) , D. tigrina (Boulard, 1986a) , D. turbida (Jacobi, 1907a) , D. umbraphila (Sanborn & Heath, 2014) , D. viridicollis (Germar, 1830) , and D. viriventralis (Sanborn, 2020b) .

Distribution. Species of Dorachosa have been reported from Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Trinidad, and Venezuela (Sanborn 2001, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014b, 2018, 2019a, b, 2020a, b, c, d, e, 2023, 2024b; Sanborn & Heath 2014; Sanborn & Maes 2012; Nunes et al. 2023).