Cosmetus calima, Betancourt-Caicedo & Medrano, 2025

Cosmetus calima sp. nov.

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( Figures 1 View FIGURE 1 ─3)

Type data. ♂ holotype (MUSENUV-Ar-3714) from Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Bajo Calima, Centro Forestal Tropical Pedro Antonio Pineda, ( 3º57.152’N; 76º59.452’W), 21.viii.2021, 52 m, Daniel Garrido, Jimmy Cabra and Alejandro Betancourt leg. Penis in a microvial GoogleMaps . 2 ♀ paratypes (MUSENUV-Ar-3715 and MUSENUV-Ar-3716), same data as the holotype GoogleMaps .

Etymology. From the word calima , which refers to the pre-Colombian people and their culture who inhabited the south-west of Colombia, from which the locality also takes its name. Noun in apposition.

Diagnosis. Differs from its congeners by the combination of the following features: dorsal scutum β-type, uniformly yellow without paired depigmented spots in areas I and III ( Fig. 1A, E View FIGURE 1 ), spine undivided in area III, shorter than dorsal scutum (two thirds of it) and perpendicular to the dorsal scutum in lateral view ( Fig. 1C View FIGURE 1 ─D, F─H), femur IV long and unarmed, smooth claws III and IV, male without hypertelic chelicerae, five basitarsomeres I ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ), penis with a medial basal swelling on the dorsal region of the ventral plate that touches the gland ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ). It’s similar to C. acanti and C. balboa , differing from the former by the absence of spots in dorsal scutum, having a shorter and less slanted backwards spine, a less wide ventral plate of penis, MS D2 more distal to MS D1, and more proximal MS E2 to E1 ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ). From C. balboa by the lack of two apical tubercles at the tip of spine, MS D more proximal, patellae are not lighter than the rest of the legs nor is the distal half of the spine darker than the dorsal scutum.

Description: Measurements (mm). AL: 2.5; AW: 3.8; CL: 1.7; CW: 3.2, IOD: 0.74; SL: 2.84; FeI: 6.9; FeII: 16.5; FeIII: 10.7; FeIV: 14.4; TiI: 3.8; TiII: 13.4; TiIII: 4.3; TiIV: 6.6.

Color (in ethanol) and biofluorescence ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ). Body vivid yellow uniform. Legs darker than dorsal scutum, mainly tibia to tarsus. The body and appendages fluoresce very little when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays without any clear pattern.

Body ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 ─D, 2A─B). Median cosmetid ( 4.2 mm of dorsal scutum length) with slender legs. Outline of dorsal scutum type beta (β) with constrictions barely marked, with triangular ectal projections of cheliceral sockets.

Scutal grooves not clearly visible in dorsal view. Area III with a single large straight, upright spine with a wide base (about half the length of the abdomen). Abdomen and carapace uniformly granulate, with larger tubercles on spine of area III and in the ocularium. Eyes slightly separated (around one fourth of carapace width, at eye level), ocularium with medial depression. Free tergites each with a transverse row of minute granules and anal operculum weakly granulate.

Legs ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ). Coxa I with a ventromedial row of 9─10 large tubercles; two pointed dorsal tubercles, one directed toward the trochanter and the other toward coxa II; a retrolateral apical tubercle. Coxa II─III with a dorsal tubercle directed upward near the coxa of the preceding leg. Coxa IV with sparse granules, two bigger proximal ones (groin warts). All femora straight and without ornamentation, except for some small tubercles. Smooth claws in legs III and IV. Tarsal counts (distitarsomeres in parentheses): 8(3), 21(3), 14, 15.

Chelicera ( Figs. 1A View FIGURE 1 , 2A, E View FIGURE 2 ). Basichelicerite tuberculated in basal and ectal sides, three tubercles bigger in ecto-basal corner. One isolated and enlarged subquadrangular tubercle in antero-mesal corner. Fixed finger with five tubercles and movable finger with approximately ten denticles, the basal and distal ones being bigger.

Pedipalps ( Fig. 2C View FIGURE 2 ─D). Trochanter with strong ventral process and a small tubercle next to it. Femur with pronounced dorsal row of 9─11 tubercles, a ventral row of 24 setiform tubercles, larger in the middle, and a mesodistal process. Patella with one antero-mesal tubercle. Tibia wider at the apical third.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ). Ventral plate of penis, more constricted at the base with subtle slight incrassation at the height of MS D1. Distal border slightly concave and latero-distal borders rounded. In lateral view, a medial basal swelling touching the gland. Stylus with a distally serrulate caruncle reaching the base, no stylar barbs visible. Tip of the stylus with a rounded dorsal process. Two pairs of MS C flattened and curved upwards; two pairs of straight MS D directed subtly downward, MS D2 shorter than MS D1; one pair of minute MS A at the height of MS D2; two pairs of MS E in ventrolateral part of ventral plate near MS D and one pair of MS B in ventral part of the penis, more basal than the podium (insertion point of glans-stylus complex).

Dimorphism. Male with basitarsomeres I incrassate ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ), tubercles of the basichelicerite slightly more developed and chelicera slightly larger than in female. Five basitarsomeres I in male, four in female. Spine in area III larger in female.

Measurements (mm) for female paratypes (MUSENUV-Ar-3715 and MUSENUV-Ar-3716). AL: 2.7/2.85; AW: 3.9/3.8; CL: 1.7/1.8; CW: 3.2/3.1, IOD: 0.66/0.7; FeI: 6.3/6.5; FeII: 15/15.2; FeIII: 9.5/9.7; FeIV: 13.6/13.9; SL: 3.45/3.55; TiI: 3.4/3.55; TiII: 13.6/13.8; TiIII: 4.05/4.2; TiIV: 6/6.2. Tarsal counts: 7(3), 15, 12/13, 14/15.