Acalolepta permutans okinawana (Gressitt, 1951)

Acalolepta permutans okinawana (Gressitt, 1951) View in CoL

Dihammus permutans okinawanus Gressitt, 1951a: 216 View in CoL , fig. 2 ( Japan, Ryukyu, Okinawa)

Dihammus teragramus Gilmour, 1951: 67 View in CoL ( Japan, Ryukyu)

Examined material. None.

Remarks. – This subspecies differs from the previous one in antennomeres 3-10 slightly thickened distally.The specimens from Okinawa, which I could only examine through photographs on Japanese websites, do not significantly differ from those from

Taiwan. The size of Okinawa and its distance from Ishigaki (380

km) and Taiwan (580 km) make almost improbable a natural colonisation of A. permutans paucipunctata starting from these islands. Moreover, no A. permutans have been recorded from Tarama or Miyako, located in the direction of Okinawa, respectively only 35 and 95 km east of Ishigaki ( Makihara, 1992). This suggests either an old colonisation of Okinawa or an almost recent (anthropic) introduction. Waiting for further analyses, the current taxonomy is left as is.

Acalolepta permutans semisericea ( Pic, 1935) View in CoL n. status

(Fig. 3-8)

Dihamus semisericeus Pic, 1935: 17 View in CoL ( China, Sichuan) ( Fig. 4)

= Dihammus semisericeus Breuning, 1936: 292 View in CoL , nec Pic, 1935 ( China, Sichuan)

= Dihammus mutans Breuning, 1938: 32 View in CoL ( India, Assam, Naga Hills) n. syn. ( Fig. 5)

= Cypriola permutans occidentalis Breuning, 1957: 268 View in CoL ( China, Sichuan) n. syn. (Fig. 6)

= Acalolepta pseudospeciosa Breuning, 1965: 45 View in CoL ( Laos, Vientiane, Phou Khao Khouay) n. syn. (Fig. 7)

= Acalolepta paraspeciosa Breuning, 1982: 19 View in CoL ( China, Xizang) n. syn. ( Fig. 8)

= Dihammus permutans Breuning, 1944: 462 View in CoL (partim)

= Dihammus permutans permutans Gressitt, 1951: 402 View in CoL (partim)

= Acalolepta permutans Breuning, 1961: 371 View in CoL (partim); HUA et al., 2009: 193, 331 (partim); Mitra et al., 2016: 43, table 1 misidentification

= Monochamus permutans Mukhopadhyay & Biswas, 2000: 64 View in CoL misidentification

= Acalolepta permutans permutans Hua, 2002: 190 View in CoL (partim); Barševskis, 2020: 177 View Cited Treatment misidentification

Examined material.

- Orsidis semisericeus Pic, 1935 ,

HOLOTYPE ♂, Chine / Szchecuan [handwritten by Pic] // Orsidis / semisericeus / (nov.) [handwritten by Pic] // Holotype [printed on a red label] // Museum Paris / Coll.M.Pic [printed on a white label], in MNHNP .

- Dihammus mutans Breuning, 1938 View in CoL ,

HOLOTYPE ♂, Assam / Naga Hills // Coll. RBINS / ex coll. Le Moult [printed on a yellow label] // Dihammus / mutans / mihi Typ. / det. Breuning [handwritten by Breuning and printed on a white label] // Holotype [printed on a red label], in RBINS .

- Acalolepta pseudospeciosa Breuning, 1965 View in CoL ,

HOLOTYPE ♂, Phou Khao Khoay / 16.7.[19]64 / Vientiane / J. A. Rondon [handwritten by Rondon and printed on a white label] / S. Breuning det., 1965 / Acalolepta pseudospeciosa [handwritten by Breuning and printed on a white label], in BPBM.

- Cypriola permutans occidentalis Breuning, 1957 View in CoL ,

HOLOTYPE ♂, Su-Tchuen / Chasseurs Indigènes / 1903 // Cypriola / permutans / occidentalis / mihi Typ. / det. Breuning [handwritten by Breuning and printed on a white label] // Holotype [printed on a red label], in MNHNP ;

PARATYPE, 1♀, Su-Tchuen / Chasseurs Indigènes / 1903 // Cypriola / permutans / occidentalis / mihi Typ. / det. Breuning [handwritten by Breuning and printed on a white label] // Paratype [printed on a red label], in MNHNP .

- Acalolepta paraspeciosa Breuning, 1982 View in CoL ,

HOLOTYPE ♂, Thibet // Acalolepta / paraspeciosa / mihi Typ. / det. Breuning [handwritten by Breuning and printed on a white label] // Holotype [printed on a red label], in MNHNP ;

1 ♂, [ Cina,] Yunnan, in RBINS ;

1 ♀, ditto, Mt. Dayingshan, VI-2017, loc. coll., in CWT;

1 ♀, Thibet // Coll. Le Moult , in RBINS ;

1 ♂, Vietnam, Lai Châu, Bản Po Bai , 25-VI-2011, loc. coll., in CXG ;

1 ♀, ditto, in CGC ;

1 ♂, Hà Giang, V-2020, loc. coll., in CXG ;

1 ♀, Cao B ằng, Mt. Pionac VI-2013, in CGC ;

1 ♂, Kon Tum, Ng ọc Linh Mt. 1700 m, V-2016, loc. coll., in CWT ;

1 ♂, 2 ♀, Yên Bái, Mù Cang Ch ải, 1700 m, V-2017, L. L. Thanh, in CFV ;

1 ♂, 1 ♀, ditto, in CWT ;

1 ♂, ditto, in CGV;

1 ♀, Vĩnh Phúc, Tam Đ ảo 15-VI- 2016 in CGC ;

1 ♂, Lâm Đồng, VI-2015, N. Son lgt., in CFV;

1 ♂, Lâm Đồng, Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, 1600 m, 1/ 6-VI-2016, in CFV;

1 ♀, VietNam, Hanoi Pr., BaVi N. P., 21°04’04”N, 105°21’30”E, 26-29. VI GoogleMaps . 2015, day collecting, I.G. 33.092 Lgt. J Costant & J Bresseel, in RBINS ;

1 ♀, Chapo, prov. de / Lao-Kay, Ht. Tonkin // Coll. Le Moult / Naturaliste Paris // Cypriola permutans Pasc. / Breuning det., in RBINS ;

1 ♂, Laokay / ( Tonkin) // Coll.Le Moult / Naturaliste Paris, in RBINS ;

1 ♀, Vin Pukhu / Ht Mekong / 10. V .18, in RBINS;

1 ♀, Hagiang, Vitalis [de Salvaza lgt.], 1914 in RBINS ;

1 ♀, Hagiang, 1914 [ R. Vitalis de Salvaza lgt.], in RBINS ;

1 ♀, Laos / Xieng Khouang / lgt. 6-IX-1921 / R . Vitalis de Salvaza // 2388 // Monochamus permutans View in CoL / Det. R . Vitalis de Salvaza , in RBINS ;

1 ♂, Laos / Chalan / le 30-XI-1918 / R . Vitalis de Salvaza // 2388, in RBINS ;

1 ♀, Indochine, Vitalis / Monochammus Permutans Pasc. P. Boppe vid., in RBINS ;

1 ♀, Phongsali, Out-tai , V-2015, loc. coll., in CWT ;

1 ♂, Oudomxay, Nam Kat , 1500 m, 15-VII-2022, X.Gouverneur lgt., in CXG ;

1 ♀, ditto, 19-VII-2022, X. Gouverneur lgt.; in CXG;

1 ♀, ditto, 22-VII-2022, X. Gouverneur lgt., in CXG;

1 ♂, Luang Prabang, Ban song Cha, Phousey Lom Hmong, 1200 m, 15-IV-2019, X. Gouverneur lgt., in CXG;

1 ♀, Luang Prabang, Tad Thong , 430 m, 12-VII-2016, X. Gouverneur lgt., in CXG ;

1 ♂, Houaphan, Ban Saleui , 1300 m, 01-V-2012, X. Gouverneur lgt., in CXG ;

1 ♂ & 1 ♀, Thailand, VII-1997, in CGC ;

1 ♀, Phrae, 30 km SE Lampand, near Wiang Kosui National Park , 457 m, 18°07'N, 99°67'E, 15/ 20-VIII-2012, in CDK .

Remarks. – Pic (1935) described Dihamus [sic!] semisericeus from a small male (14 mm) coming from Sichuan ( Fig. 4). The following year, Breuning (1936) redescribed the same specimen with the same name, maybe mislead by the fact that it carried a label “ Orsidis semisericeus (nov.)”, a name never published. According to Breuning (1943), this species differed from permutans in the impunctate scape and legs.

Breuning (1938) used again the impunctate scape to differentiate Dihammus mutans ( Fig. 5) from permutans . This new species, described from Assam, differed in turn from semisericeus in the punctate frons ( Breuning, 1943, 1944). Gressitt (1951b) repeated the same differential characters but meaningfully, he recorded mutans from West China as well. In reality, the frons is clearly punctate in both species.

Again from Sichuan, Breuning (1958) described Cypriola permutans occidentalis . The taxon was described from a male (Fig. 6a); thus, the female (Fig. 6c) is only a topotype, though the label says “ paratype ” (Fig. 6d). This subspecies differed from the typical form in some details of the pronotal and elytral sculpture. Nevertheless, the impunctate scape, the most important feature present in this taxon, was completely ignored. Moreover, the differential characters with semisericeus and mutans were simply overlooked.

Breuning (1965, 1982) described Acalolepta pseudospeciosa from Laos (Fig. 7) and A. paraspeciosa from Tibet ( Fig. 8), separating them from A. speciosa (Gahan, 1888) through the typical characters of permutans (elytral granules and short pronotal teeth). Actually, both species have nothing to do with speciosa but they show the same characters of the taxa meet until now ( semisericeus , mutans and permutans occidentalis). However, the differential characters with these species were once again ignored.

Definitively, apart from some questionable details of pronotal and elytral sculpture, characters strongly variable in specimens collected even in the same locality, the previous taxa do not show differences among them. Thus, they can be merged into only one taxon – Acalolepta semisericea – which differs from permutans only in the impunctate scape and legs. This taxon looks to be is an altitudinal form widespread around Himalaya, while permutans is in turn widespread on the hills of the southern and eastern China. Both taxa avoid the Sichuan Basin (Fig. 9). These taxa can be considered either as vicariant species or two subspecies.

Considering that both A. permutans paucipunctata and A.permutans okinawana show impunctate scapes (and even impunctate frons) and inhabit geographically separated regions, they are considered subspecies of permutans . Even more so, semisericea , which shows more resemblance and closer distribution, should be considered a subspecies of permutans . Correspondingly, the genitalia do not show remarkable differences.

Distribution. – According to the literature data and the examined material, A. permutans semisericea n. status seems to be widespread in the mountains of Eastern India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and southwestern China (Xizang, Sichuan and Yunnan). Possibly, this subspecies could be found in Guangxi together with the nominal subspecies. This distribution looks analogous to that of Neocerambyx katarinae Holzschuh, 2009 , widespread in East India, Laos, Vietnam and Guangxi, and its subspecies N. katarinae guangxiensis Li, Lu & Chen, 2020 , widespread in Guangxi and Guangdong (Vitali, 2022).