Rousettus Amplexicaudatus Saint-Hilaire (1810)

Rousettus Amplexicaudatus Saint-Hilaire (1810) View in CoL

Holotype

Hanry Lengkong collected specimen from Manado, Indonesia (HL) 11131 (field no. RA-2). It was caught on November 7 th 2013 over the grassland, at 14 m above the sea level, Gunung Duasudara Sanctuary , North Sulawesi, Indonesia (N 01032,262 ’, E 125012,281 ’). The specimen was adult male, testes swollen, 74 grams BW, skull and dentary separated. Fresh specimens were preserved in 70% alcohol, meters

GoogleMaps

Parasitype

Nine specimens were collected by Hanry lengkong from moss forest, submontana forest, owl and forest, casuarine forest, coastal forest, shrub and grassland near the holotype location.

The specimens were:

• HL11132 (field no. RA-19): adult male, testes swollen, 73 grams BW, caught at 15 m above sea level (N 01032,883 ’, E 125012,543 ’) GoogleMaps

• HL 11133 (field no. RA-62): Adult female, unswollen nipples, 66 grams BW, caught at 192 m above sea level (N 01030,872 ’, E 125013,516 ’) GoogleMaps

• HL11134 (field no. RA-77): Adult female, unswollen nipples, 54 grams BW, caught at 1.109 m above sea level (N 01031,115 ’, E 125011,093 ’) GoogleMaps

• HL 11135 (field no. RA-78): Adult male, unswollen testes, 67 grams BW, caught at 1.109 m above sea level (N 01031,115 ’, E 125011,093 ’) GoogleMaps

• HL 11136 (field no. RA-113): Adult male, unswollen testes, 59 grams BW, caught at 55 m above sea level (N 01033,429 ’, E 125009,359 ’) GoogleMaps

• HL 11137 (field no. RA-140): Adult male, slightly swollen testes, 65 grams BW, caught at 514 m above sea level (N 01030,872 ’, E 125013,516 ’) GoogleMaps

• HL 11138 (field no. RA-145), adult female, swollen nipples without bite marks, 69 grams BW, caught at 514 m above sea level (N 01030,872 ’, E 125013,516 ’) GoogleMaps

• HL 11139 (field no. RA-153), adult female, swollen nipples without out bite marks, 94 grams BW, caught at 824 m above sea level (N 01031,505 ’, E 125011,117 ’) GoogleMaps

• HL 111310 (field no. RA-158), adult female, unswollen nipples, 54 grams BW, caught at 712 m above sea level (N 01031,193 ’, E 125012,266 ’) GoogleMaps

Distribution

The specimens were found in Gunung Duasudara Sanctuary, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Diagnosis

R. amplexicaudatus has bigger size than average of R. tangkokoensis n. sp. but smaller than the average of R. celebensis for all characters, including POW, FA, HF and EAR ( Table 1 View Table 1 ).

Description

All bats were described directly in the sanctuary of Gunung Duasudara. R. amplexicaudatus specimen was compared with R. celebensis and R. tangkokoensis n. sp. ( Fig. 1 View Fig ).

Pelage

The color of shoulder pelage was greyish brown to brown, chest to belly was slightly bright grey brown, neck was gery brown with yellow hair bundle on both neck sides, top of head was slightly dark grey brown. There was no dense hair up to around the thigh, the wing is hairy and no wing attached onto shoulder side.

External Body

R. amplexicaudatus bats possessed longer SV, FL, TIB and TAIL than R. celebensis and R. tangkokoensis n. sp.; meanwhile the FA, HF and EAR are bigger than those of R. celebensis but smaller than those of R. tangkokoensis n. sp.

Skull

R. amplexicaudatus had longer GSL, BL, LIW and POW than those in R. celebensis and R. tangkokoensis n. sp.; meanwhile the ZB, BCW, MSF, PL, CBL and CCL are bigger than those in R. tangkokoensis n. sp. but smaller than those in R. celebensis .

Teeth and Dentary

R. amplexicaudatus specimen had longer M 3 M 3, M 3 M 3 and RAP than R. celebensis and R. tangkokoensis n. sp.; the C 1 M 3, C 1 M 3, C 1 C 1, C 1 C 1 and DL are also bigger than those in R. tangkokoensis n. sp. but smaller than those in R. celebensis .

Biological Condition

Ninety-eight adult males possessed reproductive condition (63 unswollen testes, 9 slightly swollen testes and 26 swollen testes) and 126 adult females had reproductive condition (60 unswollen nipples, 16 slightly swollen, 23 swollen nipples without bite marks, 24 swollen nipples with bite marks and 3 pregnant).

Habitat

Two-hundred seventy-nine bats were caught using bat nets at 1 and 3 m above the ground in moss forest, submontana forest, lowland forest, casuarine forest, shrub and grassland in rainy and dry seasons.