Lycoriella parva ( Holmgren, 1869 )

Lycoriella parva ( Holmgren, 1869) View in CoL

Figs 7B View FIGURE 7 , 9C View FIGURE 9

Synonyms: = curvispina Tuomikoski, 1960 ; = difficilis var. obscuratipes ( Frey, 1948) .

Literature. Bradysia ( Chaetosciara) difficilis var. obscuratipes Frey — Frey (1948): 59, 82. Lycoriella ( Lycoriella) curvispina Tuomikoski — Tuomikoski (1960): 79, 85; figs 17e, 18j and 19d. Lycoriella curvispina Tuomikoski — Gerbachevskaja (1969): 339; figs 208.5 and 208.9; Krivosheina & Mohrig (1986): 157; Gerbachevskaja (1988): 514, figs 208.5 and 208.9; Jakovlev (1994): 76; Rudzinski (1994): 286. Sciara parva Holmgren — Holmgren (1869): 16, 52; Jacobson (1898): 204; Lengersdorf (1930): 56; Edwards (1935): 535, fig. 1d; Bertram & Lack (1938): 51. Lycoria ( Neosciara) parva (Holmgren) — Lengersdorf (1928 –30): 65. Bradysia ( Bradysia) parva (Holmgren) — Frey (1948): 67, 85; Stone & Laffoon (1965): 234. Bradysia parva (Holmgren) — McAlpine (1964): 128. Lycoriella ( Lycoriella) parva (Holmgren) — Tuomikoski (1967): 49; Gerbachevskaja-Pavluchenko (1986): 33; Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 385, 398, 611; Coulson & Refseth (2004): 113; Menzel et al. (2006): 114; Coulson (2008): 162; Coulson (2013): 154; Mohrig et al. (2013): 271. Lycoriella parva (Holmgren) — Heller et al. (2009): 42; Salmela et al. (2015): 87; Vilkamaa & Menzel (2019): 52; Menzel et al. (2020): 66.

Material studied. CANADA, Quebec, Kuujjuarapik , 55°17’N, 77°48’W, 150 m, hilltop, lichen- Sphagnum , 16. VII GoogleMaps –3.VIII.1990, S. Koponen , 3 males (in MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GE.1778, http://id.luomus.fi/GE.1779 and http://id.luomus.fi/GE.1780) ; same locality but treeline forest, window trap, 27. VII –10.VIII.1990, S. Koponen, 1 male (in MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GE.1781) ; Quebec, Mt. Logan , 48°52’N, 66°38’W, 1100 m, alpine zone, S. Koponen, 3 males (in MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GE.1782, http://id.luomus.fi/GE.1783 and http://id.luomus.fi/ GE.1784) GoogleMaps ; RUSSIA, Murmansk Province, Lapland Nature Reserve , 5 km SE of Chunozero settlement ( 67.64169°N, 32.68118°E), Malaise trap, 30. V GoogleMaps –23. VI GoogleMaps .2014, A. Polevoi, 1 male (in MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GE.1777) ; USA, Vermont, Mt. Mansfield , 44.5436°N, 66.6347°W, 4000 ft., alpine zone, 18. VI GoogleMaps –18.VIII.1991, S. Koponen, 10 males ( 8 in MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GE.1785–1792; 2 in SDEI) ; New Hampshire, Mt . Washington, 44.2705°N, 71.3032°W, 5700 ft., alpine zone, 15. VI GoogleMaps –17.VIII.1991, S. Koponen , 3 males (in MZH, http://id.luomus.fi/GE.1795, http://id.luomus.fi/GE.1796 and http://id.luomus.fi/GE.1797) .

Redescription. Male. Head. Face slightly darker brown than antenna, maxillary palpus pale brown. Eye bridge 2 facets wide. Face with 11–24 setae. Clypeus with 1–3 setae. Maxillary palpus with 3 segments, 1 st segment slightly longer than 3 rd segment, 2 nd segment shortest; 1 st segment with 2–5 (rarely 6) setae, with large dorsal pit with sensilla; surface of antennal flagellomeres smooth, body of 4 th antennal flagellomere 1.85–2.35x as long as wide, neck slightly shorter than wide, longest setae as long as or slightly longer than width of flagellomere. Thorax. Brown; setae pale. Anterior pronotum with 2–4 setae. Proepisternum with 4–7 setae. Scutellum with 2 long and some short and fine setae. Wing. Fumose. Length 1.2–1.4 mm. Width/length 0.35–0.40. Anal lobe small. Veins indistinct. c/w 0.55–0.70. R1/R 0.60–0.85. stM longer than fork of M. bM longer than r-m, stCuA shortest. bM and r-m non-setose. Halter yellow. Legs. Fore coxa yellow, mid- and hind coxae pale brown, other segments yellow; setae pale. Fore tibial organ forming small patch of setae in demarcated depression. Fore tibial spur longer than apical width of tibia. Abdomen. Yellow; setae pale, short and fine. Hypopygium ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ). Yellow, like abdomen. Intergonocoxal area rather long, with large conical setose lobe. Gonocoxa narrow and long, longer than gonostylus, with rather sparse and short setosity, on medial margin very short. Gonostylus ( Fig. 9C View FIGURE 9 ) very narrow, widest basally, narrowed in apical third, impressed on apical half, evenly narrowed towards apex, densely setose apically, with narrow and curved apical tooth; with 2–3 apical megasetae, 4 (rarely 5) medial megasetae in apical third, megasetae rather strong, slightly recurved, about as long as apical tooth; without well-differentiated whip-lash seta. Tegmen wider than long, membraneous and smoothly curved or truncate apically, slightly sclerotized and roundish laterally, with small area of aedeagal teeth. Aedeagal apodeme rather short.

BIN. BOLD:ABA5291.

Discussion. There is some variation in the structure of the gonostylus between specimens from different localities, the northernmost specimens studied by us (Kuujjuarapik, Quebec) having a narrower gonostylus than the specimens from the more southern Mt. Logan, Mt. Mansfield and Mt. Washington ( Figs 7B View FIGURE 7 , 9C View FIGURE 9 ). However, as even the European and North American specimens have the same DNA barcode—e.g., specimens with the IDs 24536-E11 from Norway (Vestvold) and BIOUG11301-E11 from Canada ( Newfoundland and Labrador)—they most probably belong to one and the same species. With the character combination of the gonostylus with strong apical megasetae, few curved medial megasetae, an indistinct whip-lash seta and a strong intergonocoxal lobe, Lycoriella parva is unique among Lycoriella . The species has been recorded from Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway (mainland and Svalbard), Russia, Sweden and United Kingdom ( Wirta et al. 2016; Heller & Menzel 2017; Menzel et al. 2020; BOLD Systems 2021).