Perilampus tupa Yoo and Darling, 2025

Perilampus tupa Yoo and Darling sp. nov.

Figs 13 View FIGURE 13 [♀], 14[♂]

Type Material. Holotype [♀]. Brazil: São Paulo. Luiz Antônio . "BRASIL, SP, Luiz Antônio Est. Ecol. Jatai-Cerrado , 21°35'17.7"S, 47°47'28.2"W Malaise 2 26.xi.2008 550masl NW Perioto & eq. col. UFES#171190". The holotype is point-mounted (♀: ROME144556 View Materials - UFES). ROM Online Collection. GoogleMaps

Paratypes [2 ♀, 1 ♂]. Bolivia: Chuquisaca. Tiguipa (1 ♀: MA Fritz, ROME162504 View Materials - ROME) . Santa Cruz. Roboré (1 ♀: ROME162503 View Materials - USNM) . Brazil: Bahia. Barra do Choça , 14°48'57.3"S, 40°30'49.1"W (1 ♂: J Guimarães, ROME143878 View Materials - MZSP; BOLD: AEE2355 / ITS2 ) GoogleMaps .

Description. FEMALE ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ). Length: 2.9–3.3 mm. Color: head cupreous ( Fig. 13F View FIGURE 13 ); mesosoma and metasoma iridescent greenish blue, with lateral lobes of mesoscutum cupreous along notaulus ( Fig. 13B View FIGURE 13 ); clypeus ventral margin black; antenna with scape and pedicel weakly iridescent greenish blue or violet, flagellum dark brown or black, lighter ventrad and distad ( Fig. 13G View FIGURE 13 ).

Head ( Fig. 13E–I View FIGURE 13 ): in dorsal view weakly transverse, width less than twice length, HW/HL about 1.9. Frontal carina: in anterior view straight to weakly sinuate below midlevel of eye; in dorsal view gradually narrowed V shape around median ocellus, FC/MOD about 1.3 ( Fig. 13E View FIGURE 13 ); distance from lateral ocellus long, FCLO/LOD about 1.0 ( Fig. 13E View FIGURE 13 ). Scrobal cavity ( Fig. 13G View FIGURE 13 ): in anterior view narrow, SW/HW about 0.4. Ocelli ( Fig. 13E View FIGURE 13 ): a line between anterior margin of lateral ocelli nearly bisecting median ocellus or reaching posterior margin of median ocellus. POL/OOL about 1.5. Ocellar ratios LOD: POL: OOL: LOL: 1, 2.7–2.8, 1.7–1.8, 1.0–1.1. Vertex: smooth to wrinkled or with weak transverse striations, with or without large piliferous punctures. Parascrobal area: in lateral view abruptly narrowed near lower eye margin, 0.2–0.3 EH above lower eye margin ( Fig. 13I View FIGURE 13 ); width wide, PSW/ EL about 0.4; sculpture smooth or wrinkled, with or without large piliferous punctures. Gena: with wide and long smooth area along outer eye margin, striate behind. Malar space: MSL/EH about 0.2. Lower face: with setae sparse laterad torulus, and sparse or dense below. Clypeus ( Fig. 13H View FIGURE 13 ): CW/ CH 1.3–1.5; ventral margin concave; with wide bare area without seta near dorsal margin, often extending ventrad along lateral margin.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 13B–D View FIGURE 13 ): Lateral panel of pronotum: slightly narrower than prepectus, LPP/PPT about 0.8; without flange or with small, rounded flange below level of mesothoracic spiracle in posterior oblique view ( Fig.13C View FIGURE 13 ). Mesofemoral depression: smooth. Mesoscutum: punctures angulate, with narrow and weakly coriarious interspaces ( Fig. 13B View FIGURE 13 ); lateral lobe smooth along notaulus; parascutal carina broadly curved, acuminate. Mesoscutellum: apex with inner margins gradually diverging; punctures angulate, with narrow and weakly coriarious interspaces. Axilla ( Fig. 13D View FIGURE 13 ): in lateral view imbricate dorsad, and carinate ventrad.Axillula: smooth dorsad. Fore wing: stigma small, 2.0–2.5× as wide as postmarginal vein width.

MALE ( Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 ). Length: 2.8 mm. As in female, except: Color: mesonotum darker, and mesoscutellum weakly cupreous laterad. Frontal carina ( Fig. 14B View FIGURE 14 ): distance from lateral ocellus shorter, FCLO/LOD about 0.8. Scape ( Fig. 14G View FIGURE 14 ): pits sparse mesad and ventrad, and dense dorsad and laterad, covering about 0.2× scape length.

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from Tupã, the god of creation, in the mythology of the Guarani people, one of the major indigenous groups in South America.

Diagnosis. Perilampus tupa has a parascrobal area that is abruptly narrowed near the lower eye margin ( Figs 13I View FIGURE 13 , 14E View FIGURE 14 ), a narrow frontal carina that is gradually narrowed around the median ocellus ( Figs 13E View FIGURE 13 , 14B View FIGURE 14 ), a long distance between the frontal carina and lateral ocellus (about 0.9–1.0 LOD for females; about 0.8 LOD for males), and a cupreous head and dorsal side of lateral lobes of mesoscutum ( Fig. 13B View FIGURE 13 ).

Distribution. Neotropical: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz) and Brazil (Bahia, São Paulo).

Host association. Unknown.

Remarks. Perilampus tupa is hypothesized as the sister species of P. arasy —both species have a narrow frontal carina around the median ocellus and a long distance between the frontal carina and lateral ocellus in contrast to P. falcatus ( Figs 13E View FIGURE 13 , 14B View FIGURE 14 , 15E View FIGURE 15 , 16B View FIGURE 16 cf. Figs 11E View FIGURE 11 , 12B View FIGURE 12 ). These two species can be differentiated based on the shape of the frontal carina around the median ocellus, which is gradually narrowed in P. tupa ( Figs 13E View FIGURE 13 , 14B View FIGURE 14 ) and abruptly narrowed in P. arasy ( Figs 15E View FIGURE 15 , 16B View FIGURE 16 ). They also differ in body coloration: P. tupa has a cupreous head and the lateral lobes of mesoscutum, whereas P. arasy has a greenish blue to violet body without cupreous iridescence ( Fig. 13B, F View FIGURE 13 cf. Fig. 15B, F View FIGURE 15 ).