Baryssinus marisae Martins & Monné, 1974

Baryssinus marisae Martins & Monné, 1974 View in CoL

( Figs 1–26 View FIGURES 1–11 View FIGURES 12–20 View FIGURES 21–26 )

Description

Larva ( Figs 1–23 View FIGURES 1–11 View FIGURES 12–20 View FIGURES 21–26 ). Length: 14–21 mm.

Body ( Figs 12–14 View FIGURES 12–20 , 21–23 View FIGURES 21–26 ) soft, smooth, yellowish-white, subcylindrical, slightly dorsoventrally depressed; mesothorax and abdominal segments VII–IX widened. Head light yellow on distal third, with brown mouth frame and black mandibles; labrum light yellowish; maxillae and labium membranous, partially brownish. Pubescence sparse, long and ferruginous, irregularly distributed, denser and longer ventrally and dorsally on prothorax, and laterally on all other segments, including abdominal apex.

Head ( Figs 1, 2 View FIGURES 1–11 , 12–14 View FIGURES 12–20 , 21–22 View FIGURES 21–26 ) moderately convex, deeply retracted into prothorax, only anterior third exposed, longer than wide, slightly narrowed, converging and rounded posteriorly. Median frontal endocarina short, not reaching epistomal margin; dorsomedian cranial duplicature visible. Frontal suture distinct only at antennal base; antennal ring bisected by anterior end of frontal lines. Epistomal margin ( Figs 1, 3 View FIGURES 1–11 ) almost straight; frons anteriorly with transverse carina, parallel to epistomal margin; anterior fourth of cephalic capsule with sunken sensilla; three pairs of epistomal setae almost equidistant; dorsally, each epicranial half with six short setae: five anterior frontal setae; one epicranial seta below frontal line. Stemmata absent, even translucent lens. Foramen entire. Hypostomal line elongate, not reaching foramen; an internal carina parallel to each hypostomal line. Gular lines absent; gular area with two pairs of setae. Antennae ( Figs 5, 6 View FIGURES 1–11 ) short, extensible, slightly sclerotized and with one antennomere; antennifer elongate and membranous; antennomere elongate, sclerotized except at apex, with two ventral and four dorsal campaniform sensilla; apex with one cupuliform membranous sensorium, sclerotized basally, and two long and two short and thick dorsal setae, and one short and four long and thick ventral setae. Clypeus transverse, trapezoidal and membranous, with six campaniform sensilla on each side. Labrum ( Figs 1, 3 View FIGURES 1–11 , 12 View FIGURES 12–20 ) 1.6 times wider than long with rounded sides; thick and long setae more concentrated on distal third; campaniform sensilla dispersed near base. Epipharynx ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 1–11 ) densely covered with thick setae directed medially; basal region with microspines and campaniform sensilla distributed in two longitudinal bands near middle; one sclerite on each side of basal half (tormae). Mandibles ( Figs 15–20 View FIGURES 12–20 ) strongly sclerotized, wide, symmetrical; apex widely rounded and declivous; one subapical dorsal triangular tooth (outworn on right mandible); mesal face of apical half with two inclined irregular keels; external margin irregularly striate on basal half and bearing two setae (broken in Figs 19–20 View FIGURES 12–20 ). Maxillolabial complex ( Figs 9 View FIGURES 1–11 , 14 View FIGURES 12–20 ) partially membranous; submentum, maxillary articulating areas and cardines fused; maxillary articulating areas with a few thick and moderately long setae and some campaniform sensilla. Distal part of maxilla: stipes brownish, sclerotized on latero-internal band, continues with transverse, inclined and punctuate band; long setae near band and on lateral margins; mala wider and shorter than palpus, with rounded apex, transverse sclerotized band near base and numerous long setae ventrally at apex; dorsal setae longer and dense laterally and apically. Palpifer membranous, almost totally sclerotized ventrally, with long setae more concentrated dorsally; sunken sensilla ventrally near base. Maxillary palpi trimerous, with complete rings pigmented; basal palpomere elongate, ventrally with four moderately long setae and two campaniform sensilla and dorsally with four setae and four campaniform sensilla; second palpomere almost as long as wide, ventrally with two setae and one campaniform sensillum and dorsally with one seta and one campaniform sensillum; distal palpomere ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 1–11 ) with a medio-apical seta; ventrally with one digitiform sensillum, and a well-developed round apical membranous area with six peg-like sensilla. Distal part of labium: mentum wider than long with lateral angles rounded; five setae (one longer) on each side near base. Prelabium well separated; prementum narrowed basally, with some setae near middle and many sunken sensilla near base; palpiger with a fringe of setae of varied sizes, pigmentation not divided medially; ligula rounded, margined by a band of thick and long setae. Labial palpi dimerous, palpomeres with complete rings pigmented; palpomeres elongate; basal palpomere with a fringe of long setae near apex and one ventral campaniform sensillum; distal palpomere ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 1–11 ) with one lateral campaniform sensillum, and a rounded apical membranous area bearing five peg-shaped sensilla. Hypopharynx ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 1–11 ) continuous with dorsal ligula, soft and swollen, covered with thick setae, except on median anterior region; with microspines and campaniform sensilla near base.

Prothorax ( Figs 12–14 View FIGURES 12–20 , 21–22 View FIGURES 21–26 ) longer than meso- and metathorax combined; wider than long, widened basally; hind angles rounded; convex dorsally and flat ventrally. Pronotum strongly convex near anterior margin; median impressed line incomplete anteriorly; anteriorly with one transverse, short and irregular yellowish patch near anterior margin, extending laterally on alar lobes; one basal, transverse, subpentagonal and microspiculate patch, almost reaching pronotum midlength, finer medially, with anterior margin darker yellowish and deeply sinuate; anterior pronotal margin and alar lobes bearing sparse ferrugineous setae; alar lobe adjacent to basal pronotal microspiculate; epipleuron partially yellow; prothoracic venter with a pair of small elliptical yellowish patches of microspicules on coxosternum; mediopresternum glabrous; anterior and anterolateral prosternal regions bearing many ferrugineous setae. Meso- and metathorax dorsally and ventrally with sparse setae, denser on epipleura and longer ventrally. Mesothorax dorsally shorter than metathorax; scutum straight and glabrous; alar lobe setose; mesothoracic spiracle elliptical, with many marginal chambers on both margins ( Figs 7 View FIGURES 1–11 , 22 View FIGURES 21–26 ); epipleura distinct and setose; ventrally with a transverse impression and a fringe of setae anteriorly. Metathorax dorsally with a transverse row of tubercles and sparse setae, denser laterally; alar lobe and epipleura setose; venter with a transverse groove margined anteriorly by a row of setae. Legs absent.

Abdomen. Segments I–III transverse similar in length; segments I–VI decreasing in width, and IV–VI increasing in length; segment VI narrower and longer than previous ones; segments VII–IX wider due to protuberant epipleuron; in preserved material, segments III–VII with one transverse fold each; segments I–VIII bearing one elliptical spiracle on each side (larger on segment I); segments I–VII each with one dorsal and one ventral elliptical medially impressed irregularly tuberculate ampulla; parascuta and spiracular areas setose; tergum IX ( Figs 12 View FIGURES 12–20 , 23 View FIGURES 21–26 ) with distinct elliptical sclerite near apex; segment X terminal with trilobate apex. Epipleural tubercles present on segments I–VII, oval, each with two setae and one dorsal and one ventral sclerotized pit (ventral smaller). Dorsal and ventral abdominal intersegmental zones do not meet each other and overlap.

Pupa ( Figs 24, 25 View FIGURES 21–26 ). Length: 11 mm.

Coloration cream yellowish (darkened after fixation). Pubescence fine, short and brownish; each seta inserted at base of a sclerotized short spine, larger on abdomen; setigerous spines sometimes tiny and not well visible. Head partially visible from above. Frons with 4–5 setigerous spines at antennal base. Three setigerous spines on internal margin of each eye; clypeus with a basal row of eight setae; labrum basally with three long setae on each side. Antennae separately recurved beneath, loop reaching third ventrite.

Pronotum wider than long, trapezoidal, with rounded lateral upturned tubercles near base; each tubercle with three long setae; a group of three setae near middle of each tubercle; other setae dispersed on pronotum; one row of about six pairs of rounded verruciform tubercles near base. Mesonotum with one seta at elytral base; each elytron laterally with a patch of several setae, distant of base; scutellum glabrous. Metanotum with 2–3 setae on each side; posteromedial area slightly prominent. Elytra and wings reaching ventrite 2. Apices of femora with crown of setae.

Abdominal segments I–II dorsally with two patches of setae near middle and a few scattered setae laterally; segments III–VI each with one patch anterior (sometimes divided), two patches near posterior margin, and two or three dispersed setae on each side; segment VII narrow and longer with setae concentrated at middle; segment VIII C-shaped, surrounding apex of segment VII, with irregular transverse median row of setae; basal setigerous spines very long; segment IX narrow, margined by eight long setigerous spines on distal margin, without a distinct terminal spine or urogomphi.

Functional spiracles laterally on segments I–VI; those on VII–VIII closed and probably non-functional; spiracles decreasing in size posteriorly.

Material examined. BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Rio Grande (Mata da Querência), 09.IX.1992 [in Pinus sp. ( Pinaceae ) new host plant record], Exp. MZUSP, 1 larva fixed, 1 larva reared to pupa (larval exuvia fixed), 2 larvae reared to adult (larval and pupal exuviae fixed) ( MZSP 8703); idem, (Mata da Restinga, bairro Costa Verde), 11.IX.1992, Exp. MZUSP, 6 larvae fixed ( MZSP 8707).

Remarks. Larvae of Baryssinus marisae are characterized especially by the body shape, wider on mesothorax and abdominal segments VII–IX, and narrower on segments V–VI; abdominal segments III–VII with one transverse fold each; abdominal segments VII–IX with protuberant epipleuron; head slightly narrowed posteriorly and frontal sutures distinct only at antennal base; frons anteriorly with a transverse carina parallel to epistomal margin; epistomal setae almost equidistant; stemmata absent; antennae with single antennomere; mandible with one subapical triangular tooth (but mandibles are subject to considerable wear); ambulatory ampullae irregularly tuberculate, each with a longitudinal median impression; and tergite IX with distinct elliptical sclerite. This is the first record of a host plant for this genus.