Cyamophila willieti ( Wu, 1932 )

Cyamophila willieti ( Wu, 1932) View in CoL

(Japanese name: Yatsuboshi-kijirami)

( Figs 20–25 View FIGURES 20–25 , 28, 31 View FIGURES 26–31 , 34 View FIGURES 32–34 , 39–40 View FIGURES 35–40 , 45–46 View FIGURES 41–46 )

Psylla willieti Wu, 1932: 71 View in CoL . Type locality: China ( Beijing).

Cyamophila willieti View in CoL ; Conci & Tamanini (1988: 171).

Description. Adult. Colouration. General colour ( Figs 39 View FIGURES 35–40 , 45 View FIGURES 41–46 ) light yellowish green with obscure light yellowish brown markings on thorax; in overwintered individuals ( Fig. 40 View FIGURES 35–40 ), body colour chestnut brown to dark brown in general, with many cream-yellow coloured fine markings and stripes on head and thorax. Antenna yellow; apices of segments IV and V, apical half of segment VI and most of segment VII dark brown; segments VIII–X entirely dark brown to black. Forewing membrane transparent, colourless, with prominent dark brown spots at the location of the radular spinules in cells r 2, m 1, m 2, and cu 1 ( Fig. 22 View FIGURES 20–25 ); veins yellow in summer adults, becoming uniformly dark brown in overwintered adults. Apical tooth of paramere black.

Structure. Head ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 20–25 ) strongly inclined downwards, 85–90° from longitudinal body axis in profile, slightly wider than thorax. Vertex shorter than the half width. Genal processes conical, about 0.8 times as long as vertex, slightly divergent, subacute or slightly rounded apically. Antenna long, 2.1–2.2 times as long as head width; longer terminal seta of segment X 1.8–2.2 times as long as shorter seta, about half as long as segment X ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 20–25 ).

Forewing ( Fig. 22 View FIGURES 20–25 ) oblong oval, about 2.2–2.3 times as long as wide, widest at around 2/3 from the base; membrane with dense surface spinules in all cells; spinule-free bands along veins broad; fields of radular spinules as in Fig. 22 View FIGURES 20–25 ; pterostigma broad, more than 1/3 of the forewing length; Rs rather strongly sinuate, slightly curved towards costal margin apically; M 1+2 strongly arched at around the basal 1/3 and slightly or rather strongly curved towards costal margin apically; Cu 1a strongly arched at approximately basal 1/4 and nearly straight thereafter. Meracanthus moderate in size, subacute and slightly curved downwards apically; metatibia with prominent genual spine, with five apical sclerotised spurs arranged in 1+3+1; basal segment of metatarsus with a pair of sclerotised lateral spurs.

Male terminalia ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 20–25 ) moderate in size. Proctiger slender, slightly curved caudad apically. Paramere slender, 0.8 times as long as proctiger, almost constant in width throughout, truncated apically; anterior margin angularly projected cephalad around the apical 1/4; posteroapical corner weakly projected caudad; inner surface ( Fig. 24 View FIGURES 20–25 ) with many retrorse setae; inner apical tooth rather prominent, acute and projected cephalad. Distal aedeagal segment slightly longer than paramere; apex round and thickened, strongly hooked.

Female terminalia ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 20–25 ) stout. Proctiger stout, gently curved and slightly sinuate at dorsal margin, very slightly upturned apically, round at apex ( Fig. 34 View FIGURES 32–34 ). Subgenital plate with sparse setae, acute at apex.

Fifth instar immature. Body ( Fig. 46 View FIGURES 41–46 ) light green, gently swollen dorsally. Antenna slender, 2.0–2.2 times as long as forewing pad, seven-segmented, with one apical rhinarium on each of segments III and V, two on the middle of segment VII, with rather short capitate setae on the middle of segment III and apices of segments III–V ( Fig. 28 View FIGURES 26–31 ). Forewing pad oblong oval; outer margin with 8–9 long capitate setae and short capitate setae in between ( Fig. 31 View FIGURES 26–31 ). Hindwing pad with two long capitate setae apically. Legs long, hairy, with many short simple setae and long capitate setae. Abdomen rounded apically, with many long capitate setae dorsally and many long simple setae ventrally. Caudal plate with many long capitate setae on dorsum and margin, with 4+4 truncated sectasetae on posterior margin. Anus located on ventral side. Outer circumanal pore ring relatively small, heart-shaped, strongly curved in front, comprising a single row of elongated pores. Inner circumanal pore ring comprising a single row of small elongated pores.

Measurements (in mm): Adult ( n = 5 males, 5 females): BL: 3.62–4.16; WL: 2.99–3.40; WW: 1.24–1.44; AL: 2.10–2.90; HW: 0.97–1.06; VW: 0.58–0.63; VL: 0.27–0.28; GL: 0.19–0.23; MP: 0.43–0.45; PL: 0.33–0.36; FP: 0.83–0.93. Fifth instar immature ( n = 5): BL: 2.05–2.90; BW: 1.30–1.60; AL: 1.43–1.63; WPL: 0.73–0.83; CRW: 0.10–0.11.

Material examined. Honshû: 3 males, 5 females, Ibaraki-ken, Tsukuba-shi, Fujimoto, 36.051º N, 140.100º E, 20 m, 30.v.2003, on Styphnolobium japonicum, H. Inoue (slide-mounted, 99.5% ethanol; HIC) GoogleMaps ; 25 males, 36 females, same data, 2.vi.2003 (dry-mounted; HIC, OMNH) GoogleMaps ; 2 females, same data, 3.vi.2003 (dry-mounted; HIC) GoogleMaps ; 4 males, 9 females, same data, 15.vi.2003 (dry-mounted; HIC) GoogleMaps ; 3 males, 9 females, 10 immatures, same data, 15.iv.2004 (dry- and slide-mounted; HIC) GoogleMaps .

Distribution. Japan (Honshû; new distributional record); China, Korea ( Wu 1932, as P. willieti ; Kwon 1983, as C. hexastigma )

Host plant. Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott (= Sophora japonica L.) ( Fabales : Fabaceae ) ( Conci & Tamanini 1988). The host plant was confirmed by the presence of immatures.

Biology. Probably univoltine. In April, overwintered adults gather on host plants to mate and lay eggs on their shoots. The new adults emerge in June. Adults are thought to leave the host plant after the emergence and hibernate on evergreen shelter plants; however, the details of where they stay throughout the winter are unclear.

Comments. This species is newly recorded from Japan. The host plant, the Japanese pagoda tree, S. japonicum is native to China and was introduced into Japan, where it has been planted as a garden and roadside tree ( Ohashi 2016). Therefore, C. willieti may be a pest of S. japonicum in Japan. No other species of Styphnolobium are native to Japan, C. willieti is also likely an introduced species.