Oenides vulpina (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867)

Oenides vulpina (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867)

( Figs 1–5 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 )

Hesperia vulpina C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 . Reise Fregatte Novara, Zool. 2 (2), p. 514, pl. 72, figs 1, 2 (male d, v); male, Bogota, Nova Granada, [ Colombia], Lindig leg.; collection Felder—Hewitson, 1870. Equat. Lep., p. 69— Kirby, 1879. Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson, p. 217—Plötz, 1882. Stett. ent. Ztg. 43: 333.

Carystus vulpina ; Kirby, 1871. Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 592—Campos, 1927. Rev. Col. Nac. V. Rocafuerte, Guayaquil, 9 (27-28): 98—Dognin, 1887. Note Faune Lép. Loja, p. 15—Fassl, 1914. Ent. Rdsch. 31 (8): 45—Fassl, 1918. Ent. Rdsch. 35 (12): 48.

Oenides vulpina ; Mabille, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 178—Lindsey, 1925. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18: 94— Draudt, 1924, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 992, pl. 190g (d, v)—William & Hayward, 1944. Acta zool. Lill. 2: 223—Hayward, 1947. Acta zool. Lill. 4: 367— Cong et al., 2019. Insecta Mundi 731: 40— Cong et al., 2019. Insecta Mundi 731: 51, 127, fig. 13 (genomic tree).

Alera vulpina View in CoL ; Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 260, pl. 71 (male gen.)—Lewis, 1973. Butt. World, p. 80, fig. 18 (d), p. 243—Lewis, 1975. Marip. Mundo, p. 80, fig. 18 (d), p. 243—Smart, 1975. Enc. Butt. World, p. 113, fig. 66 (d)—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 126; 2, p. 2—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 199; 2, p. 2—Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group, Sp.-Group Nam. Hesp. (Lep.) World 7, p. 6; 8, p. 239; 9, p. 3—Salazar & Henao, 2000, in Parra, Vargas & Tabares. Marip. Manizales, p. 115—Salazar & Vargas, 2002. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas 6: 31—Schmidt-Mumm; Schmidt & Salazar, 2003. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas 7: 87—O. Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 61, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A —O. Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 4, p. 785—Gareca et al., 2006, in Gareca & Reichle. Marip. diurn. Bolivia, p. 20—Ríos-Málaver, 2007. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas 11: 288—González M. & Andrade-C., 2008. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 32 (124): 430—Saura et al., 2013. Hereditas 150: 29; chromosomes—Garwood & Lehman, 2013. Butt. C. Amer. 3, Hesp., p. 166, figs (v)— Vélez-Estrada & Ríos-Málaver, 2018. Colombia, país de mariposas, p. 149, fig. (v), p. 164.

(no genus) vulpina View in CoL ; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 286.

Alera vulpine [sic]; Uehara, 2022. Butterflies 89: 28, fig. 76 (male, d, v).

Taxonomic history. Hesperia vulpina was described by C. Felder and R. Felder (1867) based on an unspecified number of specimens collected in Bogotá, Colombia. This species was transferred to Carystus Hübner, [1819] ( Kirby 1871) and then to Oenides ( Mabille 1904) . Evans (1955) treated Oenides as a junior synonym of Alera Mabille, 1891 . Based on genomic data, Cong et al. (2019) restored Oenides to include H. vulpina .

Etymology. Not informed by the author.

Diagnosis. FW length: 22 mm (♂), 25–26 mm (♀). DFW brownish with the base orange and seven white hyaline spots in discal cell, R 3 –R 4, R 4 –R 5, R 5 –M 1, M 3 –CuA 1, CuA 1 –CuA 2, and CuA 2 –2A in male ( Fig. 1a View FIGURE 1 ); stigma grey and continuous between CuA 1 and 2A ( Fig. 2a View FIGURE 2 ); female DFW with one more hyaline spot below CuA 2 ( Fig. 1c View FIGURE 1 ). Both sexes with a yellowish spot among the three apical hyaline spots and the single hyaline spot between M 3 and CuA 1. DHW brownish with orange colour from base to anal margin ( Figs 1a, c View FIGURE 1 ). VFW brown, costal and apical margins ochraceous ( Figs 1c, d View FIGURE 1 ). VHW brownish with a white longitudinal stripe ( Figs 1c, d View FIGURE 1 ), in male this stripe extends from Sc+R 1 to CuA 2, while in female this stripe extends from costal margin to CuA 2; also, another white stripe in the anal margin, below the end of 3A. Male genitalia ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ) with the uncus bilobed, projected ventrally, with bifid tips; gnathos broader than uncus; coecum of aedeagus slightly curved dorsally. Female genitalia ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ) with lamella antevaginalis without median projection covering the opening of the ostium bursae.

Type material. Hesperia vulpina was described and illustrated by C. Felder and R. Felder (1867) based on an unspecified number of specimens from Bogotá, Colombia. One syntype male found at NHMUK, has the following labels: / Type / vulpina . n. / 35 Hesperia vulpina / Felder Coll N. / Rothschild Bequest B.M.1939-1. / BMNH (E) 1716982 /. Thus, in order to ensure its stability and the correct identification, this syntype is selected as lectotype by adding the following labels: / LECTOTYPUS/ Lectotype Hesperia vulpina C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 Suênia-Bastos, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2024 / .

Material examined. COLOMBIA — Cundinamarca, Bogotá, 1♀, OM 11.303 ( OM) . VENEZUELA — Lara, Jiménez ( Cubiro ), 200 m, 3-I-1954, 1♂, Yepez & Rosales leg., OM 58.009 ( OM) . ECUADOR — Tungurahua, ( Topo ), 14-V-1992, 1♀, Büche leg., OM 35.996 ( OM) ; Pichincha, Nanegalito ( Reserva Bella Vista Lodge ), 0°01’S, 78° 32’W, 2,100 m, VII-2017, 1♂, H. Thony leg., OM 86.774 ( OM) GoogleMaps ; Cotopaxi, ( Milimbanco ), 3,900 m, IX-1971, 1♀, Lafebre leg., OM 58.027 ( OM) GoogleMaps . PERU — Cuzco, (Cosñipata Valley: Quebrada Morro Leguia ), 13°07’S, 71°34’W, 2,100 m, 5-IV-2016, 1♂, O. Mielke leg., OM 79.349 ( OM) GoogleMaps ; Amazonas, ( Oso Perdido ), 05°43’S, 77°50’W, 2,200 m, IX-2016, 1♀, J. Pintado leg., OM 83.725 ( OM) GoogleMaps .

Biology. Immatures stages and host plants are still unknown.

Geographical distribution. This species has been captured flying during the months of January, April, May, July, August, and September, ranging from 2,100 to 3,900 meters of altitude. Based on the collections examined and the literature, records of this species are as follows ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 )— Venezuela: Lara (OM). Colombia: Caldas ( Ríos-Málaver 2008); Cundinamarca (OM; C. Felder and R. Felder 1867; Evans 1955); Nariño ( Schmidt-mumm et al. 2003); Cauca ( Warren et al. 2024). Ecuador: Cotopaxi (OM); Guayas ( Williams and Hayward 1944); Loja ( Williams and Hayward 1944); Manabí ( Evans 1955); Pichincha (OM; Williams and Hayward 1944); Tungurahua (OM; Williams and Hayward 1944; Evans 1955); Pastaza ( Williams and Hayward 1944; Evans 1955); Morona-Santiago ( Warren et al. 2024). Peru: Cusco (DZUP); Amazonas (OM); Huánuco ( Warren et al. 2024). Bolivia: Cochabamba and La Paz ( Evans 1955).