Chalcodermus subrufus Fiedler, 1936: 282

Chalcodermus subrufus Fiedler, 1936: 282 View in CoL (description, key); 1937: 37 (redescription); Blackwelder, 1947: 857 (catalog); Papp, 1979: 99 and 110 (catalog).

Sternechus subrufus ; Kuschel, 1955: 299 (new combination); Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986: 180 (catalog); 1989: 10 (catalog).

Sternechus vulgaris Mendes, 1962: 132 View in CoL (description “pars”); Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986: 180 (catalog); Rosado-Neto, 2006 (synonym).

Bondarius subrufus ; Rosado-Neto, 2006 (new combination, systematics).

Redescription. Integument reddish-black to reddish-brown; covered with small, elongate, moderately dense setae ( Figs 1–3 View Figures 1–6 ). Rostrum short, wide, 1.0 times its basal width; punctation deep, dense and wrinkled ( Figs 1, 2 View Figures 1–6 ). Scrobes ventrally separated by a strong basal process ( Fig. 57 View Figures 53–59 ). Antennae with scape shorter than funicle. Mouthparts: mandibles with inner margin sinuated and apical tooth weak ( Fig. 4 View Figures 1–6 ). Palpifer and basal articles of maxillary palp longer than wide; palpifer and stipes with variable number of setae; lacinia with five teeth ( Fig. 6 View Figures 1–6 ); prementum rectangular, sides straight, parallel; one pair of lateral setae; anterior margin triangular; labial palps transverse, symmetrical and short, laterally with one pair of basal setae ( Fig. 5 View Figures 1–6 ). Eyes acuminate ventrally, posterior margin sinuate; interocular space 1.3 times the apical width of scape. Prothorax subcylindrical, parallel-sided, slightly narrowed anteriorly, with median longitudinal line; punctation deeper, dense, with anastomosing punctures forming transversal wrinkles ( Fig. 3 View Figures 1–6 ); lateral tubercles weakly developed. Elytra 1.2 times longer than their humeral width; striae with shallow and dense punctures, progressively smaller toward the apex; interstriae convex medially and basally ( Figs 1, 2 View Figures 1–6 ). Legs: punctation deeper, dense, moderately wrinkled. Femora unarmed. Male genitalia: median lobe wide, longer than basal apodemes, convex dorsally, curved in lateral view, sides round and converging toward the apex; apex truncate, narrower than base ( Figs 7, 8 View Figs 7–13 ). Tegmen with dorsal lobes subequal in length to manubrium ( Fig. 9 View Figs 7–13 ). Spiculum gastrale uniformly thick, curved at apex ( Fig. 10 View Figs 7–13 ). Female: abdominal tergite 8 trapezoidal, sides converging toward the apex; apical margin smooth, without median distal notch; dorsally with dense and short setae; punctation dense ( Fig. 11 View Figs 7–13 ). Abdominal sternite 8 with ventral spicule straight, apical lobes with sides round and parallel, shorter than ventral spicula; apex densely pubescent ( Fig. 12 View Figs 7–13 ). Coxites cylindrical, elongate, with sclerotization and surface uniform and without setae. Styles cylindrical, distinct, apex covered with short and dense setae. Bursa copulatrix membranous, without sclerites. Spermatheca curved; ramus subequal to collum. Spermatecal gland membranous, larger than spermatheca; spermathecal duct thin, as long as bursa copulatrix, introduced into the bursa copulatrix base ( Fig. 13 View Figs 7–13 ).

Sexual dimorphism: Foretibiae of males with premucro obsolete; mucro and premucro subequal in females.

Dimensions. Males/Females, respectively: BL: 6.17– 8.67; RL: 0.92–1.33; RW: 0.92–1.33/0.92–1.25; PL: 1.5– 2.17/1.33–2.0; PW: 2.58–3.75/2.42–4.0; EL: 4.67–6.67/4.67–7,0; EW: 3.42–5.25/3.42–5.33; IO: 0.33–0.5/0.25–0.42; WE: 0.17– 0.42/0.25–0.33; LE: 0.5–0.83/0.5–0.92; LF: 0.67–0.92/0.56–1.58.

Type-material examined. Chalcodermus subrufus , Holotype ♂, from Rio de Janeiro, deposited in the IPKE, with the following labels: “ HOLOTYPUS /Bangu, 14.05.1916, R. Fischer, Ctr. Brazil / Chalcodermus subrufus n. sp. Fiedler – Typus”. Mendes (1962) described Sternechus vulgaris based on 35 specimens, without sex determination, from the different localities in the southeastern and southern regions of Brazil. In the original description, Mendes (1962) mentioned the collections where the type material had been deposited. However, he did not designate a holotype; 12 specimens, with a label “Cotypus”, were examined by Rosado-Neto (2006), which are listed below under “material examined.”

Material examined. BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: Monte Alegre de Minas ( Fazenda Santa Maria ), 1♂, 24–30.XI.1943, Zoppel & D’amico leg.; 1♂, XII.1965, F.S. Pereira leg. ( MZSP) ; Barbacena , 1♂, V.1955, F.M. Oliveira ( MNRJ, ex. coll. CACS, Cotypus de Sternechus vulgaris ). Rio de Janeiro: 1♀, IV.1937, C.A.C. Seabra leg. ( MNRJ, ex. coll. CACS, Cotypus de Sternechus vulgaris ), Corcovado, 2♂, I.1959, XI.1957, M. Alvarenga col. ( MZSP) ; 2♂, 1♀, V.1958, Alvarenga & Seabra leg. ( MZSP) ; Estrada Rio São Paulo, km 47, 1♀, D. Mendes leg. ( MNRJ) ;

Represa Rio Grande , 1♀, F. M. Oliveira leg. ( DZUP) ; Barra do PiraÍ, 1♀, XI.1934, Woronyzow col ( MZSP) . 1♀ ( MZSP) . São Paulo: Valinhos , 1♂, III.1953 ( MZSP) ; Barueri , 1♂, 2♀, XII.1962, XII.1965, XII.1966, K. Lenko leg. ( MZSP) ; Itu , 1♀, I.1959, U. Martins leg. ( MZSP) ; MarÍlia , 1♀ ( NZAC) ; SÍtio Bananal , 1♀, 1.XII.1935 ( USNM) ; Jabaquara , 1♀, 5.III.1945 ( NZAC) ; Nova Europa ( Faz. Itaquerê ), 2♀, 21.VI.1965, 24–31. VIII.1965, K. Lenko col. ( MZSP) ; Cantareira , 1♀, XII.1951 ( MZSP) ; Morumbi , 1♀, I.1944 ( NZAC) : São Paulo, 1♀, I.1946 ( NZAC) ; Rio de Janeiro: Duque de Caxias , 1♂ ( MNRJ) , 1♂, 3.XI.1957, P.A. Telles leg. ( DZUP) , 3♀, 4♂, IV-VIII. 1953, XII. 1954, V. 1955, P.A. Teles col. ( MNRJ, ex. coll. CACS, Cotypus de Sternechus vulgaris ), 2♂, 19.I.1955, 24.IV.1955, F.M. Oliveira leg. ( MNRJ, ex. col. CACS, Cotypus de Sternechus vulgaris ) ; Paraná: Cachoeirinha , 1♀, XI.1938, A. Maller leg. ( MNRJ, ex. col. CACS, Cotypus de vulgaris ) ; Locality data missing: “ S. American ”, 1♂ ( BMNH) .

Geographic distribution. Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná) .

Biology and host plants. Unknown.