Myctophum fitchi (Schwarzhans, 1978)

Fig. 12 Myctophidae. a–c Myctophum fitchi (Schwarzhans, 1978), a, c SMF PO 101.194 (a reversed), Dar bel Hamri, b Asilah. d, Hygophum cf. hygomi (LÜtken,1892), SMF PO 101.193,Dar bel Hamri. e Ceratoscopelus maderensis (Lowe, 1839), SMF PO 101.195,Dar bel Hamri. f, Lampanyctus sp. SMF PO 101.196,Dar bel Hamri. g, Diaphus adenomus Gilbert, 1905, SMF PO 101.274 (reversed), Dar bel Hamri. h–l Diaphus cavallonis Brzobohatý & Nolf, 2000, SMF PO 101.197 (j reversed),Dar bel Hamri. m–o Diaphus dirknolfi Schwarzhans,1986, n SMF PO 101.198,Dar bel Hamri, m, o SMF PO 101.199, Sidi Mohammed ech Chleuh

Fig. 30 Early Pliocene paleogeography of the Mediterranean and adjacent northeastern Atlantic. Paleogeographic configuration based on Popov et al., (2004; middle Pliocene map) and Pérez-Asensio (2021). Zanclean locations with otoliths marked by white numbers with red frame, Piacenzian locations with otoliths marked by black numbers with orange frame. Number of species and authors annotated

Fig. 31 Biogeographic correlation map showing nearest relationships of Early Pliocene otolith-based taxa from Dar bel Hamri. Red arrows and annotations indicate correlations to extant species also known as fossils from the Rharb Basin and relationships of extinct taxa from the Rharb Basin. Map from Blakey, 2020

Fig. 8 Conceptual structural cross-section through studied area based on Zizi (1996) and own field observations (scale 1:1). Subsurface thicknesses are extrapolated from sections of nearby wells published in Saadi et al. (1980) and Sani et al. (2006). Subsurface positions of not-exposed tectonic elements after Tilloy (1952), Zizi (1996), and Zouhri et al. (2002)

Fig. 19 Gobiiformes. a–c Buenia pulvinus van Hinsbergh & Hoedemakers,2022,SMF PO 101.226 (c reversed),Dar bel Hamri. d Deltentosteus quadrimaculatus (Vlenciennes, 1837), extant, ICM-O 132.8 from the Catalanian sea, Spain,TL =32 mm. e Deltentosteus collonianus (Risso, 1820), extant, ZMUC 14, Mediterranean 8.12.1891. f–j Deltentosteus planus n. sp. Dar bel Hamri,Zanclean, f holotype, SMF PO 101.227, g–j paratypes, SMF PO 101.228 (h, j reversed). k–m, Deltentosteus quadrimaculatus (Valenciennes, 1837),SMF PO 101.229 (reversed), Dar bel Hamri

Fig. 20 Citharidae and Bothidae. a–c Citharus balearicus Bauza-Rullan,1955, SMF PO 101.230,Dar bel Hamri. d–g Arnoglossus kokeni (Bassoli, 1906), SMF PO 101.231,Dar bel Hamri. h–k Arnoglossus quadratus Schwarzhans, 1999, Dar bel Hamri, Zanclean, j holotype, SMF P 9317, h, i, k paratypes, SMF P 9318. l–o Laeops rharbensis Schwarzhans, 1999, paratypes, SMF P 9320, Dar bel Hamri, Zanclean

Fig. 21 Soleidae and Cynoglossidae.a–d Quenselia cornuta Schwarzhans, 1999, Dar bel Hamri, Zanclean, b holotype, SMF P 9325, a, c–d paratypes, SMF P 9326. e–f Dicologlossa hexophthalma (Bennett, 1831), f SMF PO 101.232, Dar bel Hamri, e extant,Lagos fish market, Portugal. g Synaptura sp. SMF PO 101.234,Dar bel Hamri. h Synapturichthys kleini (Risso,1827), SMF PO 101.235, Dar bel Hamri. j–j Microchirus variegatus (Donovan,1808), SMF PO 101.280,Dar bel Hamri. k Vanstraelenia chirophthalma (Regan, 1915), SMF PO 101.236, Dar bel Hamri. l–o Cynoglossus obliqueventralis Schwarzhans, 1999, Dar bel Hamri,21 l holotype, SMF P 9327, m paratype,SMF P 9328, n–o newly collected specimens, SMF PO 101.281

Fig. 22 Sphyraenidae,Carangidae and Acropomatidae. a Sphyraena sp., SMF PO 101.237,Dar bel Hamri. b–d Trachurus insectus n. sp., Dar bel Hamri, Zanclean, b holotype, SMF PO 101.283,c–d paratypes,SMF PO 101.284 (reversed). e–g Caranx rharbensis n. sp., Dar bel Hamri, Zanclean, e holotype, SMF PO 101.238,f–g paratypes, SMF PO 101.282 (reversed).h–k Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868), SMF PO 101.239 (h, j reversed), Dar bel Hamri. l–o Verilus mutinensis (Bassoli, 1906), SMF PO 101.240 (m, n reversed), Dar bel Hamri

Fig. 23 Haemulidae. a–c Parapristipoma bethensis n. sp., Dar bel Hamri, Zanclean, a holotype, SMF PO 101.285, b–c paratypes,SMF PO 101.286. d– h Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich, 1825), SMF PO 101.241 (d–g reversed),Dar bel Hamri. i, Pomadasys sp. SMF PO 101.244,Dar bel Hamri. j–l, Pomadasys zemmourensis n. sp., Dar bel Hamri, Zanclean, j holotype, SMF PO 101.242 (reversed),k–l paratypes, SMF PO 101.243 (k reversed)

Fig. 24 Cepolidae and Triglidae. a–d Cepola macrophthalma (Linnaeus, 1758),a extant, southwestern France (reversed), b–d Dar bel Hamri, Zanclean, SMF PO 101.247. e–f Cepola pauciradiata Cadenat, 1950, extant, e, CAS 235490, 14°11’N, 17°22’W, f refigured from Schwarzhans (2013a), dredge in the Gulf of Guinea, 04°39’N, 01°08’W. g, Cepola schlegelii Bleeker, 1854, NSMT 110130,Taiwan. h Cepola haastii (Hector, 1881), New Zealand (reversed).i–n Cepola lombartei n. sp., Dar bel Hamri,Zanclean, i holotype, SMF PO 101.245, j–n paratypes, SMF PO 101.246. o Owstonia sp. SMF PO 101.248, Dar bel Hamri.p Peristedion cataphractum (Linnaeus, 1758), SMF PO 101.249, Dar bel Hamri

Fig. 25 Trachinidae and Uranoscopidae. a Trachinus armatus Bleeker, 1861, SMF PO 101.250, Dar bel Hamri. b–d Trachinus maroccanus n. sp., Dar bel Hamri, Zanclean, b holotype, SMF PO 101.251, c–d paratypes,SMF PO 101.252 (25c reversed). e–h Trachinus wernlii n. sp., Dar bel Hamri, Zanclean, 25 g holotype, SMF PO 101.253 (reversed), e–f, h paratypes, SMF PO 101.254 (e, h reversed). i Uranoscopus ciabatta Girone et al., 2010, SMF PO 101.287, Dar bel Hamri.j–k Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus,1758, Dar bel Hamri, SMF PO 101.255 (reversed). l–n Uranoscopus vanhinsberghi n. sp., Dar bel Hamri, Zanclean, l holotype, SMF PO 101.256 (reversed), m–n paratypes, SMF PO 101.257 (n reversed). o Uranoscopus archionema Regan, 1921, Madagascar (reversed). p–q Uranoscopus hoedemakersi n. sp., Dar bel Hamri, Zanclean, p holotype, SMF PO 101.258,q paratype,SMF PO 101.288