Lycoderides, Sakakibara, 1972

Lycoderides species

morphologically related to L. serraticornis

We define here the serraticornis group as those species of Lycoderides in which the scutellum is concealed by the pronotum (i.e., not externally visible), and the forewings are at least basally sclerotized and punctuated, with the remaining portion partially transparent hyaline and speckled. This group includes L. abditus , L. aburraensis sp. nov., L. phi , L. santainensis sp. nov., and L. serraticornis .

Lycoderides serraticornis , L. santainensis , and L. abditus exhibit strong sexual dimorphism, with females bearing an anterior pronotal process, while males lack this process and instead present a dorsal elevation. In contrast, both males and females of Lycoderides phi share a similar morphology, each possessing an anterior process resembling that of the females of the aforementioned species ( Lapèze & Lopez-Vaamonde 2024). L. aburraensis is currently known only from a male, which exhibits a morphology consistent with the males of the other species in this group (except L. phi ).

Key to species of Lycoderides morphologically related to L. serraticornis :

Note: Sakakibara (2013) included a key to the species of Lycoderides . A minor modification is proposed here to incorporate two new species and L. phi .

8 (7). Scutellum visible laterally.............................. to L. capixaba , L. pennyi (species not included in this key)

8’. Scutellum concealed by pronotum, not visible ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 )................ serraticornis group..................... 10

10 (8’). Sexually monomorphic; females and males with an acute and elongated anterior pronotal process; posterior process acute and lacking a small crest before reaching its apex....................................... Lycoderides phi Lapèze

10’. Sexually dimorphic ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ); females with an anterior pronotal process ( Fig. 4B, D, F View FIGURE 4 ), males with the anterior pronotal region elevated dorsally or slightly reclined ( L. aburraensis known only from a male, but distinct from males of L. phi ) ( Fig. 4A, C, E, G View FIGURE 4 ); posterior process forming a small crest before reaching the apex................................. 11

11 (10’). Male; anterior pronotal region in lateral view elevated dorsally or slightly proclivous ( Fig. 4A, C, E, G View FIGURE 4 )............. 12

11’. Females; pronotum with a well-developed anterior process directed obliquely anterodorsally ( Fig. 4B, D, F View FIGURE 4 )......... 15

12 (11). Metopidium vertical, not proclivous; forewing veins speckled with warts ( Fig. 4E, G View FIGURE 4 )........................... 13

12’. Metopidium slightly proclivous; forewing veins not speckled with warts ( Fig. 4A, C View FIGURE 4 )............................ 14

13(12). Pronotum elevated above head, 1× head length, descending posteriorly from point above humeral angles ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ); suprahumeral horns reduced to white wart-like protuberances ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 ). Forewing hyaline from almost mid-length to apex, densely speckled around veins in apical third; veins lighter in non-speckled areas; sclerotized and punctate to mid-length ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ). Tibiae with transverse dark brown bands............................... L. santainensis Flórez-V sp. nov.

13’. Pronotum higher than wide, elevated 2× head length above head, descending from point posterodorsad of humeral angles ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ); supra-humeral horns well developed, subtriangular, equilateral ( Fig. 5G View FIGURE 5 ); posterior margin of anterior elevation sinuous; subapical crest of posterior process well elevated. Forewing hyaline area small ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ). Tibiae entirely light brown................................................................... L. aburraensis Flórez-V sp. nov.

14 (12’). Pronotum elevated above head 2× head length in frontal view, descending from point above humeral angles ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ); suprahumeral horns well-developed, triangular ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ); one pair of anteroventral carinae below suprahumeral horns ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ). Pronotum without a wax-like line next to supra-ocular callosity....................... L. serraticornis (Fowler)

14’. Pronotum elevated above head 1.5× head length in frontal view, descending from point posterodorsad of humeral angles ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ); suprahumeral horns small, wartlike ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ); without anteroventral carina below suprahumeral horns ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Pronotum with a wax-like line next to supra-ocular callosity................................. L. abditus Sakakibara

15 (11’). Forewing veins with warts. Pronotum overall color grizzly brown; apex of posterior process not reaching the apex of clavus ( Fig. 4F View FIGURE 4 )................................................................. L. santainensis Flórez-V sp. nov.

15’. Forewing veins lacking warts. Pronotum overall color brown or variegated dark brown; apex of posterior process reaching the apex of clavus ( Fig. 4B, D View FIGURE 4 )....................................................................... 16

16 (15’). Pronotum elevated above head 2.5× head length in frontal view; anterior pronotal process almost as long as pronotum height; in lateral view, subapical crest of posterior process slightly elevated ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ).......... L. serraticornis (Fowler)

16’. Pronotum elevated above head 2× head length in frontal view; anterior pronotal process 0.5× pronotum height; in lateral view, subapical crest of posterior process well elevated ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 )............................. L. abditus Sakakibara