Psepheninae Lacordaire, 1854

Subfamily Psepheninae Lacordaire, 1854

Adult diagnosis. Head hypognathous, concealed by or deeply inserted into prothorax; clypeus produced anteriorly and sharply recurved in front of antennal insertions ( e.g., Psephenotarsis ); corpotentorium narrow, without median process, or reduced; labrum partly exposed; antenna with 6–11 antennomeres, usually sexually dimorphic, in males filiform ( e.g., Pheneps), moniliform ( e.g., Psephenus , Psephenops , Psephenotarsis ), or filiform to subserrate ( e.g., Belicinus and Psephenopalpus ); maxillary palps well developed, with 4 palpomeres, apex securiform; labium with trapezoidal mentum, labial palps with 2 or 3 palpomeres, ligula reduced ( Arce-Pérez 2004; Arce-Pérez et al. 2012; Lee et al. 2016). Males with seven visible abdominal ventrites and females with only six visible abdominal ventrites ( Lee et al. 2007).