Galloisiana sinensis Wang, 1987

Galloisiana sinensis Wang, 1987 View in CoL

Figs. 4–33 View FIGURES 4–9 View FIGURES 10–17 View FIGURES 18–28 View FIGURES 29–33

Material examined. China: Jilin Province, the rockslide below a steep cliff on the left side of Tianchi Waterfall at the top of Changbai Mountain , 42°2′29.8″ N, 128°3′38.5″ E, 1942.3 m above sea level, August 19, 2023, 3 observing specimens (2♀, 1♂), coll. Lin Zhou, Taoqi Wang and Bingzhong Ren; deposited in the Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, NENU2023M0001, NENU2023M0002, and NENU2023M0003. The collected specimens were in excellent condition, with bright coloratiuon and intact bodies ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 4–9 ). The specimen successfully underwent its molting process within the soil that was collected and transported to the laboratory, during which we fortuitously captured this moment on camera ( Figs. 5–6 View FIGURES 4–9 ) GoogleMaps .

Remarks. This species belongs to the genus Galloisiana by the following combination of features: the posterior margin of the pronotum slightly concave and without poorly sclerotized zones on either side; lacinia with two preapical teeth; epiproct of the male symmetrical; cervical sclerites with 4 macrotrichia on the external margin; 1st-4th tarsal segments with pulvilli; 5th tarsal segment with euplantulae; cerci 9-segmented.

Female. Body slender, with a total body length of 20.7–20.9 mm (measured from the insertion of the cerci to the clypeus suture). Dorsal side of head dark brown; ventral side light brown. Dorsal side of thorax and abdomen light brownish-yellow, ventral side light yellowish-white. Body surface smooth, densely covered with light brown, fine short setae with sparsely distributed dark brown macrotrichia.

Head prognathous, 3.1–3.2 mm long, 2.3–2.5 mm wide, wider than the pronotum, with 4 setae on each lateral posterior margin and 3 setae around the antennal socket ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 4–9 ). Epicranial suture distinct, Y-shaped, reaching circumantennal suture, with a pair of parietal sutures extending from occipital foramen to the vertex ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 4–9 ). Clypeus distinctly wider than long (length 0.4–0.5 mm, width 1.2–1.3 mm), on the cranium anterior middle section, and divided into anterior and posterior parts; anterior clypeus membranous, posterior clypeus sclerotized ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 4–9 ). Compound eyes dark, small, oval, ommatidia round. Lower side of the compound eye with 2 setae; anterior side with 1 seta ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 4–9 ). Antennal length 12.1–12.3 mm) filiform, slender, and composed of 34 antennomeres ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 4–9 ). First antennomere the longest, 0.8–0.9 mm, twice as long as wide ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 4–9 ). Second antennomere 0.5–0.6 mm long about half the length of the first. Third antennomere 0.4–0.5 mm long, Same as in the second. The 4th–9th antennomeres shorter than the basal segments, length of each antennomere nearly equal to its width. The 9th–34th antennomeres becoming progressively more elongated. Sparse hairs present at the bases of the first and second antennomeres; hairs dense on the remaining antennomeres.

Labrum with broad base, attached to the clypeus; surface well-sclerotized and covered with dark brown setae ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 10–17 ). The tongue like a membranous heart-shaped bowl; the base slightly narrower than the apex; and the surface is slightly sclerotized and glabrous ( Figs. 11–12 View FIGURES 10–17 ). Mandibles 0.9–1.1 mm long, 0.5–0.6 mm wide, symmetrical and sclerotized, with one tooth in the distal part and one tooth on the inner margin, and without grinding area ( Fig. 14–15 View FIGURES 10–17 ). Maxillae larger (length 1.8–1.9 mm, width 0.4–0.5 mm), distal part extends the top of mandibles. Maxilla composed of the cardo, stipes, lacinia, galea, and maxillary palpus ( Fig. 16–17 View FIGURES 10–17 ). Galea sickle-shaped, distal part strongly curved and weakly sclerotized, trapezoid with serrated edges on the inner margin and with scattered dark brown setae on the inner margin ( Fig. 16–17 View FIGURES 10–17 ). Lacinia similar in shape to galea, curved, dark in color, and strongly sclerotized, with 2 preapical teeth, the base without teeth but with a row of 5 dark brown setae between the base and apical teeth ( Fig. 16–17 View FIGURES 10–17 ). Maxillary palp 1.3–1.5 mm long, with five palpomeres increasing in length from 1 to 5: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3–0.4, 0.4–0.5, 0.5 mm, respectively. First and second palpomeres smooth, third to fifth palpomeres densely covered with fine, short, light brown setae ( Figs. 16–17 View FIGURES 10–17 ). Labium with a pair of labial palps, a pair of paraglossae and a pair of smaller glossae ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 10–17 ). Labial palps 0.7–0.8mm long, 3-segmented, lengths 0.2–0.3, 0.2–0.3, 0.4mm, respectively; first segment with a few dark brown setae, the second and the third segments covered with many fine, short, light brown hair-like setae ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 10–17 ). The outer margin of the paraglossae with a row of dark brown setae, glossae without setae ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 10–17 ).

Pronotum quadrilateral, 1.1 times longer than wide, length 2.5–2.8mm, width 2.4–2.5 mm. Anterior margin of pronotum slightly arched, with dark brown setae and a deep transverse sulcus. Lateral margin straight, without weakly sclerotized zones. Posterior margin slightly concave medially, posterior angle broadly rounded and with scattered dark brown setae on the dorsum. Pronotum with white median longitudinal line between anterior and posterior margins of pronotum ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 18–28 ). Mesonotum 1.4 times wider than long, length 1.9–2.0 mm, width 2.5–2.7 mm, slightly concave in the posterior part, the posterior angle widely rounded, with white median longitudinal line and scattered dark brown setae on dorsal side of mesonotum ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 18–28 ). Metanotum 1.5 times wider than long, length 1.8–1.9 mm, width 2.6–2.9 mm, slightly concave in the posterior part, the posterior angle broadly rounded, with scattered dark brown setae along both sides and white median longitudinal line ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 18–28 ).

Cervical sclerites 1.2 times longer than wide, length 1.0– 1.1 mm, width 0.7–0.9 mm, triangular, inner margin without setae, external margin with 3 dark brown setae ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 18–28 ). Basisternum of prothorax 1.4 times as wide as long (length 0.9–1.0 mm, width 0.6–0.7 mm), appearing as an inverted triangle with a wide circle, with numerous scattered setae and without median suture ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 18–28 ). Basisternum of the mesothorax is 1.6 times as wide as long (length 1.0– 1.1 mm, width 1.4–1.6 mm) and with a median suture originating posteriorly and numerous scattered setae ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 18–28 ). Basisternum of metathorax 1.7 times as wide as long (length 0.8–0.9 mm, width 1.3–1.5 mm) with a median suture originating posteriorly and numerous scattered setae ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 18–28 ).

Posterior margin of the abdominal tergites slightly convex ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 18–28 ). Four dorsal setae on tergites 1, 4 and 6; six dorsal setae on the dorsal side of tergites 2, 5 and 7; eight dorsal setae on the dorsal side of tergites 3 and 6; two setae on tergite 8. Tergite proportions given in Table 1 View TABLE 1 .

Posterior margin of abdominal sternites slightly concave; each sternite with scattered dark brown setae on both anterior and posterior regions ( Figs. 21–22 View FIGURES 18–28 ). Sternite proportions given in Table 1 View TABLE 1 .

Forelegs shortest, middle legs longer and hind legs longest ( Figs. 29–31 View FIGURES 29–33 ). Coxae large with distinct rib. Dimensions of leg segments given in Table 2 View TABLE 2 . Tibiae with two rows of dark brown setae on the inner margin of the ventral surface, with 4–5 setae per row. Apical part of tibia with spines; medial spines elongated, lateral spines robust ( Fig. 32 View FIGURES 29–33 ). Tarsus 5-segmented; Tarsomeres 1–4 triangular, with thin base and wide apex, densely hairy; with a pair of apical dark brown setae on both sides of the ventral surface; each tarsal segment with a pair of developed euplantulae. Fifth tarsomere elongated, its central ventral surface slightly concave; apically with euplantula and one pair of strong claws; arolium absent ( Fig. 33 View FIGURES 29–33 ).

Cerci 6.7–7.1 mm long, filiform, consisting of nine cercomeres ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 4–9 ). Length of first and second cercomeres equal, length gradually increasing from the third to the ninth, apical cercomeres elongated. Cerci with a few dark brown setae at apex of each segment.

Ovipositor symmetrical, reaching the distal part of fourth cercomere. Ovipositor composed of three pairs of symmetrical gonoplacs, with numerous setae on the dorsal part ( Figs. 23–25 View FIGURES 18–28 ). Eighth abdominal sternite slightly reduced, valvifer attached to the posterior margin of the 8th abdominal sternite, and a pair of gonangula, slightly pointed. Ninth abdominal sternite severely reduced, two pairs of valvifers produced ( Figs. 23–25 View FIGURES 18–28 ).

Male. Similar to female but differing by the following features. Tenth abdominal sternite wider (0.7 mm) than long (0.5 mm), with a pair of slightly curved symmetrical apical processes, a pair of oval paraprocts, and an epiproct ( Figs. 26–28 View FIGURES 18–28 ). Epiproct symmetrical with a short, round, blunt triangular median projection on the posterior margin, the center extending as a downward curved cone ( Fig. 26 View FIGURES 18–28 ). Coxopodites asymmetrical: left coxopodite longer (1.3 mm) than wide (1.2mm), about two-thirds the length of the eighth abdominal sternite; the base wide, gradually narrowing towards the apex. Right coxopodite longer (1.4 mm) than wide (0.6mm), sclerotized, with inner side and basal segment narrow. Subgenital plate wider than long, distal edge is sclerotized ( Fig. 27 View FIGURES 18–28 ).

Diagnosis. This redescription revealed a notable similarity between the morphological characteristics of G. sinensis and those of G. notabilis Silvestri, 1927 from Japan. However, G. sinensis differs from the latter in having well-developed compound eyes and a symmetrical epiproct in males with a short, round, blunt triangular median projection on the posterior margin, extending into a downward-curved cone. In contrast, G. notabilis lacks compound eyes, and the shape of the medial process at the posterior margin of the epiproct in males significantly differs from that of G. sinensis . Moreover, G. sinensis differs from other congeners by having antennae with 34 antennomeres, well-developed compound eyes, and male epiproct with a short, broadly triangular median projection on the posterior margin. The ovipositor of G. sinensis is situated on the posterior margin of the 8th abdominal segment, not reaching the end of the 4th cercomere.