Colonus alineae, Rubio & Stolar & Baigorria & Baptista, 2023

Colonus alineae View in CoL sp. n.

( Fig. 15-26)

ZooBank:http://zoobank.org/ 5B3363CE-FB38-4D4C-9BF6-E1D13C1A3C5A

Holotype, ♂ ( UFRJ 0835 ), arredores da sede, Santuário do Caraça , Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 05/X/2010, sweeping cerrado vegetation, coll. R. Baptista.

Paratype

- 1 ♀ ( UFRJ 0835 A), same data as the holotype ;

- 1 ♂ ( UFRJ 2069 ), CSV, Anchieta , Espírito Santo, Brazil, 19/VIII/2008, Baptista, R. coll. ;

- 1 ♂ ( UFRJ 2065 ), Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu , Fragmento, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 18/XII/2017, night visual collecting, coll. R. Baptista ;

- 1 ♀ ( UFRJ 2066 ), Trilha Verde, same place as UFRJ 2065, 01/IX/2019, vegetation beating, coll. R. Baptista ;

- 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( MCN 31770 ), Barragem dos Bugres, Canela , Rio Grande do Sul, 13-14/XII/1999, coll. A.L.H. Silva.

Material examined

BRASIL

- Minas Gerais: Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça. 12-23/XI/1961. Kloss, R., Lenko, F. & Martins, U. coll., 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( MZSP 19670 View Materials ) .

- Espírito Santo: Linhares , Fazenda Caliman. 03/II/2011. Baptista, R. coll., vegetation beating, 1 ♂ ( UFRJ 2072 ), Castro, D. coll., bush sweeping, 1 ♀ ( UFRJ 2074 ) ;

idem, 22/IV/2011. Baptista, R. coll., bush sweeping, 1 ♂, 3 Juv ( UFRJ 2073 ) .

- Rio de Janeiro: Cachoeiras de Macacu, Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu , Lagoa. 08/IX/2018. Schinelli, H. coll., vegetation beating, 1 ♂, 1 Juv ( UFRJ 2067 ) ;

idem, 17.I.2020. Schinelli, H. coll., night visual collecting, 1♂ ( UFRJ 2068 ) ;

- Macaé, Jurubatiba, captação TECAB. 08/XII/2012. Miranda, G. coll., vegetation beating, 1 ♀ ( UFRJ 2076 ) ;

25/IX/2012. Pedroso, D. coll., night visual collecting, 1 ♂ ( UFRJ 2077 ) ; 11/IV/2014. Pedroso, D. coll., vegetation beating, 1 ♀, 1 Juv ( UFRJ 2078 ) ; 08/VIII/2016. Pedroso, D. coll., vegetation beating, 1 ♀, 2 Juv ( UFRJ 2079 ) ; 10/V/2016. Villareal, O. coll., vegetation beating, 1 ♀ ( UFRJ 2080 ) ;

- Rio de Janeiro, Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca , Camorim. 16/XII/ 2013. Baptista, R. coll., vegetation beating, 1 ♀ ( UFRJ 2075 ) .

- Mato Grosso do Sul: Três Lagoas, Fazenda São José Mendes. 23/IX/ 1964. Expedição Departamento de Zoologia coll. 1 ♂ ( MZSP 03656 View Materials ) ;

idem. X/1961. Expedição Departamento de Zoologia coll. 1 ♂ ( MZSP 10692 View Materials ) ;

- São Paulo: Embu-Guaçu , Batêa. 02/XI/1940. Lane,F. coll. 1 ♂ ( MZSP 19668 View Materials ) ;

- Santa Catarina: Reserva Biológica Marinha do Arvoredo. X/1993. Lise, A.A. & Braul Jr., A. coll. 1♀ ( MCTP 04491 View Materials ), 1 ♂ ( MCTP 04492 View Materials ) ;

- Rio Grande do Sul: Cachoeira do Sul, Alta dos Casimiros. 14/XI/ 1992. Buss, R.G. coll. 1 ♂ ( MCTP 06455 View Materials ) ;

- Campo Bom, 18/XI/1987. Becker, C.J. coll. 1 ♂ ( MCTP 06496 View Materials ) ;

- Canela, Barragem dos Bugres. 23/XI/1998. Silva, A.L.H. coll. 1 ♀

( MCN 30018).

idem. 25/XI/1998. Moura, L. coll. 1 ♀ ( MCN 30011 ) ;

idem. 23/XI/1998. Franceschini, A. coll. 1 ♀ ( MCN 30019 A) ;

- Canela, Passo dos Bugres. 06/XI / 1998. Bonaldo,A.B.coll. 1 ♂ (MCN 30038);

- Canoas. 14/XI / 1990. Marques, M.A.L. coll. 1 ♀ (MCN 20103A);

- Caxias do Sul, Fazenda Souza. 11- 12/XI / 1995. Laboratório de Aracnologia coll. 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (MCTP 07368);

- Estrela Velha. 19/X / 1998. Bonaldo, A.B. coll. 1 ♀ (MCN 29914);

- Santa Cruz do Sul. 20/XI / 1994. Ott, R. coll. 1 ♂ (MCTP 06575);

- São Francisco de Paula, Barragem Passo do Inferno. 19/XI / 1997. Buckup, E.H. coll. 1 ♂ (MCN 28936);

- São Francisco de Paula, Passo do Bugres. 04/XI / 1985. Bonaldo, A.B. coll. 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (MCN 29947);

- São Francisco de Paula, Passo do Inferno, Fazenda 3 cachoeiras. 05/ XI / 1998. Silva, A.L.H. coll. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 Juv. (MCN 29961);

- São Francisco de Paula, Usina Hidrelétrica dos Bugres. 18/X / 1997. Buckup, E.H. coll. 1 ♀ (MCN 28765);

- São Francisco de Paula, Usina Passo do Inferno. 03/XI / 1998. Silva, A.L.H. coll. 1 ♂ (MCN 30036);

- São Leopoldo, Banhado das Freiras. X / 1973. Becker, C. J. coll. 1 ♂ (MCN 27595);

- Triunfo. 15/X/ 1980. Buckup, E.H. coll. 1 ♂ (MCN 09249); idem. 28/XI/1989. Buckup, E.H. coll. 1 ♀ (MCN 19006);

ARGENTINA

- Misiones: Santa Maria. 10/IX/1953. Schiapelli & De Carlo coll. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ . 1 Juv. ( MACN-Ar) ;

idem. VI-XII/1952. Viana, J. coll. 1 ♂ ( MACN-Ar) .

Diagnosis. – Colonus alineae sp. n. resembles closely C. rishwani (Makhan, 2006) fromSuriname,known only from the male holotype (Makhan, 2006: Fig.1-3) and C. pseustes (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) from Panama and Brazil (Bedoya-Roqueme & Lopez-Villada, 2020: Fig. 1 -11). In these three species, the males have a dRTA elongated, cylindrical, and with similar width since its basis to near its tip, which is slightly acuminated, and a vRTA also elongated and of approximately the same width of the dRTA. Colonus alineae sp. n. male differs fromall Colonus species by a small soft, translucent, and innerly directed projection at the dRTA tip (easily seen in retrolateral view) ( Fig. 19, 21), which is rounded and thinner than the remaining dRTA portions, and the largest clypeus of the genus, almost as long as the AME diameter. It has a similar color pattern to C. pseustes , specially the carapace white scale stripes, but with a smaller, oblong, spot of white scales between the PME (both lacking in some specimens), and well-marked transversal black stripes just behind the PME ( Fig. 15), differing also by its vRTA with a less robust basis, a

Faunitaxys, 11 (58), 2023: 1 – 10. 5

9 - 10. Dorsal habitus. 11 -12. Cleared epigyne in ventral view. 13 - 14. Same, dorsal view (At = atrium; Ca = carapace; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; LP = lateral coupling pouch; PLE = posterior lateral eye; Sp = spermatheca).

more curved median section and its tip presenting a clear twist in ventraldirection, forming a blunthook, bythe wider ‘U’-shaped angle formed by the dRTA and vRTA near the basis of the apophysis (not the ‘V’-shape of C. pseustes ), vRTA much shorter than the dRTA, which is stouter ( C. pseustes has a dRTArelatively thin, varying from a little longer to shorter than the vRTA), spermophore (or sperm ducts) with thinner loops visible in ventral view, the median one not extending far beyond the tegular membranous field (versus spermophore much larger loops, the median one reaching far beyond the field), and the embolus with its basal section bearing three rounded keels and distal third not flattened (basal section simple and flattened distal third in T. pseustes ) ( Fig.17-21). Colonus alineae sp. n. male differs C. rishwani by its smaller size (7.0- 7.5 mm versus 8.4 mm), color pattern, specially the absence or great reduction of the large spot of white scales between the PME and of the two bands of white scales at the abdomen ( Fig. 15), two median teeth of the outer row of the chelicera larger than the other two teeth, the dRTA wider and with a soft projection innerly directed, the vRTA with a basis not quite enlarged and an ‘U’-shaped angle between the vRTA and the dRTA (versus ‘V’-shaped).Although both species have similar bulb, C. rishwani has the first and most proximal keel at the basal section of the embolus much larger than the others, the median keel turned to the prolateral side of the embolus and the distal keel larger.Also, the distal portion of embolus after the keels seems to be smaller and with a thinner tip. Furthermore, the large spermophore seen through the distal portion of the tegulum presents closed median loop, with the ducts of both sides touching each other ( Fig. 17-21, Makhan, 2006: Fig. 1-2). The females of Colonus alineae sp. n. and C. pseustes have three CD loops, the two first ones larger, of about the same width and transversely placed. Compared to C. pseustes , the new species has a wider than long epigyne, copulatory atria wider than long and much larger, with hardened borders (versus small, rounded, naked atria), smaller CD, placed farther from the ones on the opposite side, the LP more elongated and reaching sideways beyond the ectal border of the CD (versus smaller LP reaching about the same level of the ectal border of CD) ( Fig.26).Also, most females of the new species bear an elevated, more sclerotized anterior rim just before the atria, contrasting with the flat anterior portion of the epigyne in C. pseustes ( Fig. 24-26).

Etymology. – The specific name is a noun in the genitive case in honor to Aline Pires de Melo, who first recognized the species together with her husband, R. Baptista, and graciously allowed us to use data from her unpublished M. Sc. Dissertation (Melo-Nogueira, 2003).

Description of the male (holotype UFRJ 0835, Fig. 15-20) Totallength 7.3; carapace length 3.1, width 2.6; abdomenlength 4.2.AME roughly 2x larger than the ALE. PME much closer to ALE than PLE. Clypeus a little shorter than the AME diameter. Leg formula 4132. Free portion of the bulbous setae of tibia I 4x longer thanthe bulb itself. Carapace brown, with few scattered black setae, more abundant around the eye region and at the beginning of the thoracic area. Cephalic pars with just a few yellowish white guanine spots, eye region with dark brow central spot, black spots around the eyes, and transverse posterior black stripes just behind PME. White covering scales (easily lost in alcohol) forming small oblong area between the PME and forming two thin straight, little defined longitudinal stripes at both sides of the middle line of the thoracic pars. Lateral margins and clypeus with interrupted dark brown stripe. Chelicera: Paturon about 2.5x longer than wide, with depressed areas near the outer margin of the basis and near the inner margin of the apex. Four promarginal teeth closely placed (two median ones larger) and two retromarginal teeth of same size. Paturon dark brown, with paler bands near the outer margins. Endites and labium brown with paler apical areas. Sternum yellowish brown. Abdomen dirty yellow, with cardiac area brownish yellow separating two pale yellow thin longitudinal stripes, with black dots at the basis of larger setae aligned at two jagged lines at the posterior half of the dorsum and also scattered at both sides. Venter with a wide grey longitudinal band, covering a brown patch near the spinnerets. Median spinnerets brown, other pairs yellow. Legs yellowish brown, femora with lateral faces dark brown. Legs I-II with remaining articles brown (tarsus a bit paler) and a dark brown distal ring in femur. Palp pale brown. Tibia shorter than the patella, longer than wide, with an evident prolateroventral bulge. dRTA aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cymbium, cylindrical, wide, just a little arched, with similar width from basis to near the slightly acuminated and innerly directed tip, which is covered by a small soft, translucent lobe. dRTA much longer than the vRTA, both connected at their bases forming a wide ‘U’-shaped angle. vRTA with basal half just a bit thinner than the dRTA, but its distal half thinner and more sclerotized, Sshaped, with its tip in a blunt hook, due to a ventrally directed twist. Spermophore (S) placed on the distal portion of the tegulum above the membranous field, with four separated and not very wide loops, the median one reaching just a little after the tegular membranous field. Embolus elongated, filiform, with its basis not hidden by the cymbium in prolateral view, basal third with three rounded, sinuous keels, a larger one near basis, followed by two other smaller keels, the last one placed at the end of the basal third, median third wide, with a shallow curve, distal third straight, clearly tapering towards the tip.