Scoparia Haworth, 1811

Scoparia Haworth, 1811 View in CoL

Scoparia Haworth, 1811 .

Type species: Tinea pyralella Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 .

= Caradjaina P. Leraut, 1986: 123–124 View in CoL . Type species: Scoparia ambigualis kwangtungialis Caradja, 1925 . Léger et al., 2019, p. 761 (syn.)

= Cholius Guenée, 1845: 332 View in CoL . Type species: Pyralis ochrealis Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 . Léger et al., 2019, p. 761 (syn.)

= Epileucia Stephens, 1852: 5

= Eudorea J. Curtis, 1827 : folio 170. Type species: Tinea pyralella Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 .

= Eudoria Chapman, 1912: 507

= Eudoroea Bruand, 1851: 26

= Phegea Gistel, 1848 : ix

= Scopea Haworth, 1828: 590

= Sineudonia P. Leraut, 1986: 128 . Type species: Sineudonia brunnea Leraut, 1986 . W. Li et al., 2010, pp. 3–4, 12–13 (syn.)

= Tetraprosopus Butler, 1882: 97 . Type species: Tetraprosopus meyrickii Butler, 1882 . Munroe 1972: 29 (syn.)

= Xeroscopa Meyrick, 1884: 349 . Type species: Scoparia ejuncida Knaggs, 1867 . Meyrick 1899: 246 (syn.)

DIAGNOSIS

Descriptions of Scoparia are provided in Nuss (1999) and Li, Li & Nuss (2010). In male genitalia, the well-developed sacculus with a free distal process is apomorphic for the genus and separates it from other scopariine genera ( Léger et al., 2019; W. Li et al., 2010). Male genitalia further show the following characters: uncus usually narrowly triangular or ovate; gnathos with slender projection; valva ovate; juxta usually ovate; phallus varying in length and diameter; and vesica of most species with one or several cornuti (W. Li et al., 2010; Nuss, 1998; pers. obs.). In female genitalia, the presence of an appendix bursae is apomorphic for Eudonia + Scoparia ( Léger et al., 2019) . From Eudonia , it is separated by anterior and posterior apophyses usually being shorter (1-3 X tergite VIII length), the shorter intersegmental membrane VIII-IX (usually less than 2 X tergite VIII length), and the conspicuously shorter colliculum and ductus bursae.

DISTRIBUTION

Distributed on all continents and many oceanic islands, except on Antarctica. The genus is lacking in tropical lowlands ( Nuss et al., 2003 –2023). At least fourteen species are found in the Philippines: Scoparia abo sp. n., Scoparia aenea sp. n., Scoparia bicornuta sp. n., Scoparia fulvida sp. n., Scoparia ifugaoensis sp. n., Scoparia luzonensis sp. n., Scoparia masiita sp. n., Scoparia meyi Nuss, 1998 , Scoparia monticola Nuss, 1998 , Scoparia negrosensis sp. n., Scoparia noacki Nuss, 2002 , Scoparia philippinensis (Hampson, 1917) , Scoparia spadix Nuss, 1998 , and Scoparia tenuispina sp. n.

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS

Scoparia is sister to the species-rich genus Eudonia ( Léger et al., 2019) .