Zodarion extraneum Denis, 1935

Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano & Ortiz, David, 2025, Integrative taxonomy of the Iberian Zodarion species of the rubidum and styliferum groups (Araneae: Zodariidae), Zootaxa 5624 (1), pp. 1-69 : 33-38

publication ID

https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5624.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:95ACB59E-861D-4EEE-9386-988CBE127BA8

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EE8794-FE00-FF99-FF6C-7FBDFD987BCF

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Zodarion extraneum Denis, 1935
status

 

Zodarion extraneum Denis, 1935

Figs 22A–D View FIGURE 22 , 23A–D View FIGURE 23 , 24 View FIGURE 24 , 35A–F View FIGURE 35 , 36 View FIGURE 36 , 37A–B View FIGURE 37 , 40A–H View FIGURE 40 , 41D View FIGURE 41 , 42A–B View FIGURE 42

Zodarion extraneum Denis 1935a: 60 (♀).

Zodarion parastyliferum Wunderlich, 2022: 34 View in CoL , figs 66–68 (♂). Syn. nov.

Zodarion styliferum View in CoL — Denis 1937: 32, pl. 6, figs 49–51 (♂ ♀, misidentification, in part).— Bosmans 1994: 118, figs 1–3, 81–82 (♂ ♀, misidentification, in part).— Wunderlich 2022: 33, figs 64–65 (♂, misidentification).

Zodarion jozefienae View in CoL — Bosmans 1994: 120, figs 85–86 (♀, misidentification, in part).

Zodarion styliferum extraneum View in CoL — Pekár et al. 2003: 389, figs 3–5, 11–12, 22, 30 (♂ ♀).— Pekár et al. 2011: 30 View Cited Treatment (♂ ♀).

Type material examined. Holotype ( Zodarion parastyliferum ) PORTUGAL: ♂, beach near Aljezur, VII.2008, J. Wunderlich leg., ZMH-A00014214.

Other material examined. PORTUGAL: 1 juv., Herdade do Esporao, Reguengos de Monsaraz , 17.XI.1997, C. Meierrose leg., CMU ; 3♂, 1 juv., Monte da Valada , Arronches, 6. V .1998, CMU; 3♀, idem, 10. VI .1998, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 17♂, 13♀, 1 juv., idem, 27. V .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 6 juv., Alto de São Bento , Évora, 38.581°N, 7.937°W, 1. VI GoogleMaps .2018, D. Ortiz leg., CMU; 1♀, 3.5 km South of Vila Viçosa, Vila Viçosa , 38.739°N, 7.404°W, 380 m a.s.l., 1. VI GoogleMaps .2018, D. Ortiz leg., CMU; 3♀, Gavião , Gavião, 2. VI .2018, D. Ortiz leg., CMU; 8♂, 1♀, 1 juv., Herdade da Falcovir, Reguengos de Monsaraz , 30. V .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 2♀, 3 juv., Barragem da Vigia , Redondo, 17. VI .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 5♂, 3♀, Valverde da Mitra , Évora, 22. VI .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 2♂, 5♀, idem, 24. VI .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 1♂, 4♀, idem, 26. VI .1998, CMU; 1♂, 1♀, 1 juv., idem, 27. VI .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 3♀, idem, 29. VI .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 1♂, 2♀, 1 juv., idem, 29. VI .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 2♀, 4 juv., idem, 30. VI .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 1♂, idem, 6. VII .1998, CMU; 2♂, 1♀, idem, 9. VII .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 11♂, 14♀, 6 juv., idem, 11. VII .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 110♂, 117♀, 82 juv., idem, 14. VII .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 1♀, 3 juv., idem, 10. VIII .1998, C. Meierrose leg., CMU; 2♂, 8♀, 7 juv., Alqueva Dam, 11. VII .1998, R . Ramos Silva leg., CMU; 1♂, idem, 10.IV.2000, CMU ; 1♂, 14♀, 9 juv., idem, 11. VII .1998, CMU; 2♂, 6♀, idem, 27. VI .1998, CMU; 1♂, 1♀, idem, 28. VI .1998, CMU; 1♀, idem, 12. VII .1998, CMU; 1♂, 1 juv., idem, 20.IX.1998, CMU ; 4 juv., idem, 24.X.2000, CMU ; 5 juv., idem, 31.X.2000, CMU ; 4♂, 1♀, Carvalhal dos Arezes, 13. VII .1998, A. Espiridião Oliveira leg., CMU; 21 juv., idem, 24.X.2000, CMU ; 4♂, 2♀, 5 juv., idem, 25.X.2000, CMU ; 15♂, 12♀, 5 juv., idem, 25, 29.X.2000, CMU ; 1♂, 4 juv., idem, 26.X.2000, CMU ; 9♂, 4♀, 4 juv., idem, 27.X.2000, CMU ; 12♂, 2♀, 7 juv., idem, 28.X.2000, CMU ; 4♂, 1♀, 10 juv., idem, 29.X.2000, CMU ; 1♂, 3 juv., idem, 30.X.2000, CMU ; 9♂, 3♀, 9 juv., idem, 31.X.2000, CMU ; 1 juv., idem, 30. III .2000, CMU; 3♂, 1♀, 1 juv., idem, 1.IV.2000, CMU ; 3♂, idem, 4.IV.2000, CMU ; 11♂, 2♀, idem, 5.IV.2000, CMU ; 4♂, 1 juv., Freixiosa (Parque Natural do Douro Internacional), Miranda do Douro , 29. V .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 35♂, 72♀, 50 juv., Herdade da Mitra , Évora, 30. V .2001, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 14♂, 6♀, 16 juv., idem, 30. V .2001, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 13♂, 11♀, 4 juv., idem, 1.X.2001, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 4♀, idem, 11.X.2003, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 1♂, 4♀, idem, 28.XI.2001, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 3♀, idem, 26. VI .2003, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 8♂, 2♀, 5 juv., idem, 10.X.2003, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 2♂, idem, 21. VI .2007, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 20♂, 2♀, 1 juv., idem, 27. III .2009, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 20♂, 12♀, idem, 27. III .2009, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 7♀, 2 juv., idem, 11.IV.2010, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 1 juv., Lamoso ( Parque Natural do Douro Internacional ), Mogadouro, 11. VI .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 2♂, 7♀, Fonte de Aldeia (Parque Natural do Douro Internacional), Miranda do Douro , 30. V .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 5♀, idem, 27. VI .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 1♂, 1♀, 1 juv., idem, 11. VII .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 7♂, idem, 13. VI .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 2♂, 6♀, idem, 27. VI .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 2♀, idem, 27. VIII .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 2♂, 7♀, idem, 28. VII .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 1♀, idem, 8. VIII .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 1♂, Mazouco (Parque Natural do Douro Internacional), Freixo de Espada à Cinta, 11. VII .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 1 juv., Palão (Parque Natural do Douro Internacional), Freixo de Espada à Cinta, 30. V .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 1♂, 2♀, idem, 13. VI .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 1♂, 2♀, 3 juv., idem, 27. VI .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 2♂, 4♀, 6 juv., idem, 11. VII .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 2♀, idem, 25. VII .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 7♀, 5 juv., idem, 8. VIII .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 1♀, 10 juv., idem, 4.X.2007, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 1♂, 1♀, idem, 23.X.2001, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 1♀, 2 juv., idem, 27. VIII .2001, P. Cardoso leg., CMU; 1♀, Serpa, Serpa , 26.X.2001, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 2♂, Monte Gordo , Vila Real de Santo António, 0 m a.s.l., 5.IV.1971, J. Murphy & F. Murphy leg., MMUM-2499, G7572.1872 ; 1♀, idem, 10 m a.s.l., 12.IV.1971, J. Murphy & F. Murphy leg., MMUM-168, G7572.215 ; 15♂, 1♀, idem, 37.178ºN, - 7.46ºW, 30.IV.2024, S. Pekár & S. Shafaie leg., CMU GoogleMaps ; 1♀, West outskirt of Monte Gordo, Vila Real de Santo António , 37.178º N, - 7.458º W, 3. XII GoogleMaps .2021, D. Ortiz & A. Avila leg., CMU; 4♂, 2♀, 2 juv., Alcoutim, Alcoutim , 25.X.2001, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 2♀, idem, 3.X.2003, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 7♂, 1 juv., idem, 12.X.2003, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 2♂, 20♀, 1 juv., idem, 3.IV.2009, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 11♀, 2 juv., idem, 14.IV.2010, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 4♀, 1 juv., idem, 31. V .2018, S. Pekár & D. Ortiz leg., CMU; 22♂, 2♀, Barca d’Alva (Parque Natural do Douro Internacional), Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo , 3.X.2001, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 3♂, 4♀, 7 juv., Manta Rota , Vila Real de Santo António, 15.X.2003, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 1♂, 1♀, 2 juv., Fonte da Taipa, São Brás de Alportel , 9.XI.2005, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 1♂, 3 juv., Ribeira de Limas (Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana), Serpa , 24.X.2001, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 1♂, idem, 20. V .2006, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 2♀, idem, 22. V .2006, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 1♂, 1 juv., idem, 24.IX.2003, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 2♀, Corte da Velha (Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana), Mértola , 37.691°N, 7.732°W, 28.X.2003, S. Pekár leg., CMU GoogleMaps ; 1♀, idem, 2.IV.2008, S. Pekár leg., CMU GoogleMaps ; 7♂, 1 juv., idem, 12.X.2003, S. Pekár leg., CMU GoogleMaps ; 1♂, 8♀, idem, 21. III GoogleMaps .2022, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 1♀, idem, 21. III GoogleMaps .2022, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 2♂, 3♀, Mesquita ( Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana ), Mértola, 20. VI .2003, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 7♀, 1 juv., idem, 25.IV.2003, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 2♀, 1 juv., idem, 15.X.2003, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 1♀, idem, 4.IV.2008, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 6♀, idem, 14.IV.2010, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 2♂, 2♀, 1 juv., idem, 2.XI.2016, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 1♂, 8♀, idem, 21. III .2022, S. Pekár et al. leg., CMU; 2♀, Beja, Mértola , 3.XI.2017, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 7♂, 5♀, Alpedrinha , Fundão, 23. VI .2007, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 1 juv., idem, 3.X.2007, S. Pekár, T . Ribeiro & M. Řezáč leg., CMU; 1♀, 1 juv., Évora, Évora, 29. VI .2007, M. Řezáč leg., CMU; 1♀, 2 juv., Borba, Borba , 11.IV.2010, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 3♀, 1 juv., Borba, Borba, 1. VI .2018, D. Ortiz & S. Pekár leg., CMU; 3♀, 1 juv., idem, 1. VI .2018, CMU; 3♂, 2♀, Rio Ardila , Moura, 21. V .2007, S. Pekár & M. Hrušková leg., CMU; 1♀, 1 juv., idem, 2.IV.2009, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 2♂, Parque Natural da Serra da Arrábida , Setúbal, 3. VII .2007, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 1♀, Montijo , 17.IV.2007, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 2♀, 2 juv., Freixo, Vilar Formoso , 3.X.2007, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 3♂, 2♀, 2 juv., Carrapateira, Aljezur , 7. IV.2008, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 1♂, 1 juv., Casais (Serra de Monchique), Monchique , 7.IV.2008, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 2♀, 2 juv., São Brás de Alportel, São Brás de Alportel , 5.IV.2009, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 4♀, Moncarapacho, Olhão , 3.IV.2009, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 3♂, 1♀, Martim Longo, Alcoutim , 3.IV.2009, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 5♀, Elvas, Elvas , 11.IV.2010, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 4♀, idem, 11.IV.2010, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 7♀, 7 juv., Montemor-O-Novo, Montemor-O-Novo, 11.IV.2010, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 1♂, Lagoa da Sancha, Grândola , 25.IV.2010, S. Korenko leg., CMU ; 1♂, 10♀, 2 juv., Alcaria Ruiva (Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana), Mértola , 12.IV.2010, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 5♀, 2 juv., Mourão, Mourão , 11.IV.2010, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 4♀, 5 juv., Portel, Portel , 14.IV.2010, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 4♀, Monsaraz, Reguengos de Monsaraz , 11.IV.2010, S. Pekár leg., CMU ; 16♀, 5 juv., Mértola, Mértola, 1. V .2015, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 2♀, 3 juv., idem, XII.2021, D. Ortiz leg., CMU ; 2♀, Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, 2. VI .2018, D. Ortiz & S. Pekár leg., CMU; 1♀, 1 juv., Couto de Cima , Viseu, 40.669°N, 7.994°W, 4. XII GoogleMaps .2021, D. Ortiz & A. Avila leg., CMU; 2♂, São Martinho das Amoreiras, Odemira, 30. V .2018, S. Pekár & D. Ortiz leg., CMU; 2♂, Fajarda , Coruche, 4. VI .2018, S. Pekár & D. Ortiz leg., CMU; 1♀, Campinho, Reguengos de Monsaraz , 38.375°N, 7.423°W, 22. III GoogleMaps .2020, S. Pekár leg., CMU; 3♀, idem, 22. III GoogleMaps .2022, S. Pekár et al. leg., CMU. SPAIN: 1♀, 1 juv., Catalonia, Girona, Besalú, 27. XII .2021, D. Ortiz leg., CMU; 1♀ (only abdomen), together with Z. modestum ( Simon, 1870) , labeled as “Granada, Cádiz”, MNHN-AR1522 ; 1♂, 1♀, Cádiz, Zahara / Atunes , 10 m a.s.l., 6.IV.1974, J. Murphy & F. Murphy leg., MMUM-3271, G7572.2839 ; 1♂, idem, 0 m a.s.l., 14.IV.1974, J. Murphy & F. Murphy leg., MMUM-677, G7572.686 ; 2♂, 1♀, idem, 18.IV.1974, J. Murphy & F. Murphy leg., MMUM-3365, G7572.3738 ; 2♂, 2♀, Cádiz, C. Trafalgar , 0 m a.s.l., 11.IV.1974, J. Murphy & F. Murphy leg., MMUM-736, G7572.740 ; 1♂, idem, 30 m a.s.l., 11.IV.1974, J. Murphy & F. Murphy leg., MMUM-720, G7572.27 ; 38♂, 40♀, 4 juv., Cabañeros National Park , Ciudad Real, 4. VI .2002, J. C. Barriga leg., CMU; 1♂, 2♀, Aldehuela de Periañez , Soria, 6. VI .2018, D. Ortiz leg., CMU; 2♂, 2♀, 2 juv., Trujillo, Cáceras, 8. VI .2018, D. Ortiz leg., CMU; 1♂, 1♀, Extremadura University, Cáceres, 8. VI .2018, D. Ortiz leg., CMU; 2♂, Zamora , Zamora, 8. VI .2018, D. Ortiz leg., CMU; 3♀, Carrión , Ciudad Real, 10. VI .2018, D. Ortiz leg., CMU; 4♀, Calahorra , La Rioja, 13. VI .2018, D. Ortiz leg., CMU.

Diagnosis: This species is most similar to Z. styliferum , but it can be distinguished by (1) the coloration of femora III (entirely yellowish, or yellow with greyish tip in Z. extraneum vs. entirely black in Z. styliferum , cf. Fig. 42A–B View FIGURE 42 and Fig. 42C View FIGURE 42 ); (2) the position of the baso-lateral edge of the median apophysis (situated at 6–7 o’clock in Z. extraneum vs. at 8–9 o’clock in Z. styliferum , cf. Fig. 35B, 35E View FIGURE 35 and Fig. 35H View FIGURE 35 ); and (3) the widest part of the median apophysis with the same width as basal part (vs. two times wider, cf. Fig. 35B, 35E View FIGURE 35 and Fig. 35H View FIGURE 35 ). Zodarion extraneum can be distinguished from Z. jozefienae by a shorter distal tooth of the median apophysis ( Fig. 35B, 35E View FIGURE 35 vs. Fig. 35K View FIGURE 35 ), and a discernible copulatory opening of the epigyne ( Fig. 41D View FIGURE 41 vs. Fig. 41F View FIGURE 41 ), and from Z. rudyi by the absence of a medio-lateral lobe of the tibial apophysis ( Fig. 35C, 35F View FIGURE 35 vs. Fig. 35O View FIGURE 35 ), and a smaller size of the trapezoid wings of the epigyne ( Fig. 41D View FIGURE 41 vs. Fig. 41G View FIGURE 41 ). They can be recognized from other members of the styliferum group by their terminally hooked tibial apophysis ( Fig. 35C, 35F View FIGURE 35 vs. Fig. 34C, 34F, 34I, 34L, 34O, 34R View FIGURE 34 ), and by a bell-shaped epigynal plate which narrowed medially ( Fig. 41D View FIGURE 41 vs. Figs 17K, 17L View FIGURE 17 , 38F–G View FIGURE 38 , 41A–C, 41E, 41H View FIGURE 41 ).

Comments: Zodarion extraneum species was described by Denis (1935a) based on a single female specimen. Then, Bosmans (1994) synonymized it with Z. styliferum due to the alleged absence of noticeable morphological differences between the holotype and specimens of Z. styliferum . Later, Pekár et al. (2003), who also examined the holotype of Z. extraneum , together with a large number of male and female specimens from central Portugal, elevated it to a subspecies of Z. styliferum , based on having different number of chromosomes, a different chromosome system, and differences in body coloration.

Afterward, Pekár et al. (2012) compared the biology of Z. styliferum extraneum and Z. s. styliferum using specimens from Portugal. In that study, they identified the lightest specimens as Z. s. extraneum and the darkest ones as Z. s. styliferum , and found differences in several ecological traits (microhabitat and diet) between them, but only partial reproductive isolation, overlapped geographical distributions and no differences in their mitochondrial DNA.

Finally, Ortiz et al. (2021) performed a large-scale study on the phylogeography and species limits of Z. styliferum across the entire Iberian Peninsula using genome-wide data. They discovered that Z. styliferum is composed of two allopatric species across its distribution, one occurring mainly in Portugal and the other one mainly in Spain. They also found out that lighter and darker morphs occur in both species, which explains the lack of mitochondrial differences found by Pekár et al. (2012) between morphs.

Here we found that the two species determined by Ortiz et al. (2021) are actually identifiable by the coloration of their femora III and differences in the male genitalia (see diagnosis). Therefore, after considering the previous evidence and having revised a large number of specimens, we reinstate Z. extraneum as a valid species, with a distribution mostly in the western of the Iberian Peninsula, especially in central-southern Portugal.

In addition, we have found that specimens of Z. extraneum from west to southwest Portugal share similar morphology and distribution with Z. parastyliferum ( Fig. 22A–B View FIGURE 22 vs. Fig. 24A–B View FIGURE 24 , and Fig. 35B–C View FIGURE 35 vs. Fig. 36A–B View FIGURE 36 ), leading us to propose the synonymy of the latter species.

Description

Male (paratype). Total length 2.73 mm, carapace 1.54 mm long, 1.09 mm wide. Prosoma ( Fig. 22A–B View FIGURE 22 ): Carapace bicolor, medially comprising a broad V-shaped dark band, anteriorly and posteriorly surrounded by yellow to orangish parts; clypeus, chelicerae yellowish to orangish, mouthparts yellowish to orangish basally and pale to light greyish apically; sternum pale yellow to orangish. Eyes: AME 0.11, ALE=PME=PLE 0.05, AME – AME 0.05, ALE – ALE 0.3, PME – PME 0.33, PLE – PLE 0.14. Abdomen ( Fig. 22A–B View FIGURE 22 ): dorsum black with a whitish mark behind the spinnerets, venter whitish to yellowish-orange, sometimes accompanied by a greyish area around epiandrous plate and above the spinnerets; spinnerets pale to yellowish. Legs ( Fig. 42A–B View FIGURE 42 ): Cx I pale to orangish, Cx II–IV pale to light greyish; Fe I orangish to brown, Fe II yellowish to orangish with dark tips or brownish with light proximal part; Fe III–IV yellowish to orangish, sometimes with brown tips; all other leg segments yellowish to orangish. Leg lengths: I 4.51 (1.13, 0.45, 1, 1.28, 0.65), II 4.34 (1, 0.41, 0.91, 1.25, 0.77), III 4.86 (0.93, 0.9, 1.05, 1.26, 0.72), IV 5.52 (1.22, 0.51, 1.36, 1.52, 0.91). Palp ( Figs 35A–C View FIGURE 35 , 37A View FIGURE 37 ): Tibial apophysis very long, stout basally and gradually narrowed with a slightly curved tip. Median apophysis almost sickle-shaped with a rather long tip, slightly bent outward; the baso-prolateral edge of the median apophysis at 6 o’clock. The width of basal part of the median apophysis is the same as for the widest part. Embolus comprising terminal and subterminal teeth.

Female (paratype). Total length 3.22 mm, carapace 1.54 mm long, 1.06 mm wide. Prosoma and abdomen ( Fig. 23A–B View FIGURE 23 ): same as those in males. Eyes: same as those in males. Legs ( Fig. 42A–B View FIGURE 42 ): same as those in males. Leg lengths: I 5.71 (1.57, 0.61, 1.27, 1.52, 0.74), II 5.35 (1.42, 0.53, 1.12, 1.39, 0.89), III 5.11 (1.3, 0.56, 1, 1.4, 0.85), IV 7.68 (2.1, 0.65, 1.81, 2.12, 1). Epigyne ( Figs 40A–D View FIGURE 40 , 41D View FIGURE 41 ): Epigynal plate bell-shaped, anteriorly more or less rounded, edges running parallel. Epigynal plate posteriorly diverging, accompanied by a pair of trapezoid wings. Copulatory opening(s) and pit(s) are not visible, but they might potentially be located near the wings. Vulva comprised of intricate spermathecal ducts. Spermathecae visible through integument. Apices of spermathecae converging, slightly bent downward and touching each other.

Variation: Total length: males 2.69–3.51 (n=25), females 3.19–4.23 (n=25).

Zodarion extraneum specimens display variable colorations and patterns. For instance, carapace can be homogeneously dark to bicolor, sternum pale to grey, coxae, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi of all legs entirely light to greyish, femora I, II, IV entirely light to dark or with dark tips, femora III yellow with or without a dark tip, and abdomen dorsally with or without a series of whitish spots.

Molecular data:

COI mitochondrial barcodes (Genbank accession): MT370093, MT370105, MT370108, MT370110, MT370112, MT370121, MT370127, MT370132, MT370134, MT370135, MT370138, MT370150, MT370152, MT370155, MT370163, MT370164, MT370166, MT370168, MT370172 .

Maximum intraspecific COI divergence (n=19): 7.2 %. Minimum interspecific divergence (to Z. styliferum ): 6.2%. Consensus COI distance to the closest species (to Z. styliferum ): 0.7%.

Distribution: Portugal, Spain.

V

Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium

VI

Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute

R

Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile

T

Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Arachnida

Order

Araneae

Family

Zodariidae

Genus

Zodarion

Loc

Zodarion extraneum Denis, 1935

Shafaie, Sepideh, Pekár, Stano & Ortiz, David 2025
2025
Loc

Zodarion parastyliferum

Wunderlich, J. 2022: 34
2022
Loc

Zodarion styliferum extraneum

Pekar, S. & Cardoso, P. & Barriga, J. C. & Carvalho, J. C. 2011: 30
Pekar, S. & Cardoso, P. & Meierrose, C. 2003: 389
2003
Loc

Zodarion jozefienae

Bosmans, R. 1994: 120
1994
Loc

Zodarion styliferum

Wunderlich, J. 2022: 33
Bosmans, R. 1994: 118
Denis, J. 1937: 32
1937
Loc

Zodarion extraneum

Denis, J. 1935: 60
1935
Darwin Core Archive (for parent article) View in SIBiLS Plain XML RDF