Heliophobus bulcsui Simonyi

Heliophobus bulcsui Simonyi sp. n.

( Figs 42 View Figs 31–45 –49,123–135)

Holotype. Male, N-Pakistan, 15 kmSEofKarimabad, Hopar, 2700m, 36°11’N; 74°46’E, Nr.16., 14.VI.1992, leg. M. HreblayandG. Csorba, slideNo. 255m, SJ. Simonyi (coll. HNHM). GoogleMaps

Paratypes. Pakistan. 1 male, WitHtHesamedatasastHeHolotype, slideNo. 262m S.J. Simonyi (coll. HNHM) ; 1 male, 15 kmSEofKarimabad, Hoparglacier, 2700 m, 36°11’N, 74°46’E, No. 16., 14. VI.1992, leg. M. Hreblay and G. Csorba (coll. BMNH (E) 1994–66) GoogleMaps ; 2 females, Karakoram Mts, Naltar valley , 2900 m, 36°11,08’N, 74°09,22’E, 20.VII.1998, leg. G. Csorba & L. Ronkay GoogleMaps , slideNo. 464fSJ. Simonyi (coll. G. Ronkay, Budapest) . China. 1 male, Sinin, Kuku- Noor , 1901, collectionDr. ScHaWerda (coll. NHMW) ; 1 male, 1 female, Yunnan, DiqingTibetanAutonomousPrefecture, 5 kmSEofDeqintoWn, TasHi’ sGuest- House, near to RerinkHa village , 3356 m, 28°28,484’N, 098°53,827’E, 5–6. VI.2008, leg. B. Benedek GoogleMaps , slide Nos 264m, 268f SJ. Simonyi (coll. HNHM) ; 7 males, 2 females, from tHe samesite, 16–20. VI.2009, leg. B. Benedek (collsDr. P. Gyulai, Hungary, A. Floriani, Italy) ; 1 female, Yunnan, DiqingTibetanAut. Pref. , 8 kmNNEofSHangriLa, atNairivillage, 3300 m, 21. VI.2009, leg. B. Benedek (coll. B. Benedek, Hungary) ; 1 female, fromtHesame locality, 14. VI.2009, leg. B. Benedek (coll. Dr. P. Gyulai, Hungary) ; 1 male, Yunnan, Diqing TibetanAut. Pref. , 8 kmNNEofSHangriLa, 2 kmWofNairivillage, 3242 m, 27°53,713’N, 99°39,841’E, 7. VI.2008. leg. B. Benedek (coll. B. Benedek, Hungary) GoogleMaps ; 1 male, Tibet, 3700 m, S-HimalayaMts, Nyalam , 10–12.VII.2001, leg. L. Bieber , slideNo. 349mSJ. Simonyi (coll. Dr. P. Gyulai, Hungary) ; 1 male, Yunnan , surroundingsofZHongDianCity, 3200–3400 m, 3–5.VII.2009, slide No. OP 1913m (coll. O. Pekarsky) ; 2 males, 1 female Yunnan, near ZHong Dian city, 3350 m, 27°24,800’N, 99°40,500’E, 23. V.2012, leg. Floriani (colls S. J. Si- monyi, Budapest; A. Floriani, Italy; A. Saldaitis, LitHuania) GoogleMaps ; 4 males, 2 females, Yunnan, Lijiang , ZHongDian, nearTuguancun, 3200 m, 27°29,700’N, 99°53,700’E, 24–25. V.2012, leg. Floriani GoogleMaps , slideNo. 501fSJ. Simonyi (collsS. J. Simonyi, Budapest ; A. Floriani, Italy; A. Sal- daitis, LitHuania) ; 1 male, East- Tibet, Prov. Qamdo, Mekongvalley , 3500 m, 22. VI.1991, leg. WilliFickler , slideNo. 457mSJ. Simonyi (coll. Dr. P. Gyulai, Hungary) ; 1 male, QingHai, Heka Mts , SW of Santa la, 3610 m, 3–4.VIII.1999, leg. P. Gyulai and A. Garai , slide No. 1212 P. Gyulai (coll. Dr. P. Gyulai, Hungary) ; 1 male, QingHaiNE, DabanSHanMts, Nof Datong , 3800 m, 37°13,230’N, 101°46,988’E, 12.VII.2010, leg. Floriani & Saldaitis GoogleMaps , slide No. 432mSJ. Simonyi (coll. S. J. Simonyi, Budapest) ; 5 males, 2 females, Gansu, SWnearXiaHe ( Labrang), Sangkegrasslands , 3568 m, 34°59,626’N, 102°33,808’E, 7.VII.2010, leg. Floriani & Saldaitis GoogleMaps , slideNos 433m, 436m, 441m, 412f, 437fSJ. Simonyi, (coll. S. J. Simonyi, Buda- pest); 2 males, Gansu , SWroadfromZoigetoLugu, 3660 m, 34°20,780’N, 102°19,938’E, 6.VII.2010, leg. Floriani & Saldaitis GoogleMaps , slide No. 439m SJ. Simonyi (colls S. J. Simonyi, Buda- pest; A. Floriani, Italy) .

Diagnosis. THeneWspeciesiscHaracterisedbytHeoliveHueoftHefore- Wings; tHeotHerspeciesoftHe texturata -groupHavedifferentsHade: tHeHueof tHe ground colour is greyisH in H. texturata , reddisH in H. kitti and H aequalifuscus , WHiletHatof H. nepalensis isclearbroWn. THerearecertaindifferencesbe- tWeentHeforeWingpatternof H. bulcsui andtHecloselyrelatedspecies, WHicH areasfolloWs: tHepostmediallineof H. bulcsui ismoretaperingtoWardscos- talmarginandWeakerdefinedbydarkerspotstHaninitssiblings; tHislineis WHitisHbeloWcellandbecomespalebroWnisHfromtHemiddleveintoWards costa (like in H. texturata ), WHile tHe entire line is WHite in H. kitti , and mostly ocHreous- broWntobroWncolouredin H. nepalensis and H. aequalifuscus ; final- ly, tHemostprominentligHtmarkingof H. bulcsui istHesubterminalline. THe colourationoftHemaleHindWingof H. bulcsui resemblestHoseof H. texturata and H. kitti , WHiletHeHindWingoftHefemalesisbroWn, similarlytotHoseof H nepalensis and H. aequalifuscus .

IntHemalegenitalia, tHekeyfeatureoftHeneWspeciesistHetruncated saccularextensionWHicHisuniqueWitHintHegenus. THereareseveralotHer differencesbetWeen H. bulcsui andtHeotHermembersoftHe texturata -group WHicHareasfolloWs. THeuncusof H. bulcsui istHebroadestWitHintHisspe- cies- group; tHevinculumisV-sHapedandpointed, asincertainspecimensof H. texturata , H. kitti and H. aequalifuscus WHile tHe vincular apex of H. nepalensis isalWaysrounded; tHecuculluscanbeturnedalmostatarigHtangle, as in H. nepalensis , WHile tHis angle is usually blunt in H. texturata , H. kitti and H. aequalifuscu s; tHevesicaisverysimilartotHatof H. nepalensis WitHitsnarroW proximalpart, sHortvesicalstitcH, andtHestrongandlongcornutifieldoftHe vesicalglans, butitisoftenovercurvedformingacoil, andtHeroWofspines isalmostentirelyabsentbetWeentHetWolargergroupsofspines. Incompari- son, tHenarroWvesicaof H. aequalifuscus HassimilarlysHortvesicalstitcH, but itistWistedWitHonecoil, andtHeproximalgroupofspinesandtHecornuti fieldareabsent; tHeproximalpartoftHevesicaisbroadin H. texturata and H. kitti , tHeirvesicalstitcHisratHerlong, WitHafullroWofspines, andtHeirvesi- cal glans Has sHort and Weak cornuti field. THe vesica of H. texturata is mostly turnedtotHerigHtatarigHtangle, WHiletHevesicaof H. kitti istWistedWitH onecoil.

IntHefemalegenitalia, tHelongitudinalpartofductusbursaeof H. bulcsui sp. n. istHesHortestintHespecies- groupWHencomparedWitHtHesize ofcorpusbursae, andtHebasalplatesofapopHysesposterioresareconspicu- ouslybroad.

Description. Wingspan 36–40 mm. HeadandcollardarkbroWn, latterWitHligHt margins; tegulaedarkbroWnWitHligHt, silveryedges; crestandmetatHoracictuftdark broWnWitHligHttips. ForeWingcomparativelybroad, costalmarginsligHtlyarcuate; apex finelypointed. GroundcolourgreyisH-olivebroWntodarkbroWn; veinsWHitisH, except inmarginalareaWHeretHeycoveredbydarkbroWnandaccentuatedbyligHtstreaks; crosslinesWHitisH, WitHmoderatedarkdefinitionbydarkerdots. Antemediallineoblique, almoststraigHt, WitHfineanglesatcostalandinnermargins; medianfasciablurred, Hardly discernible; postmediallinetaperingandbecomingmorebroWnisHtoWardscosta. Orbicu- larandreniformstigmataencircledbyWHitisHandfilledbygroundcolour; reniformWitH ligHtcentralline; botHstigmatadefinedbydarkspotsonbotHsides; claviformstigmadark borWn, lessdistinct, oftenHardlyvisible. SubterminallinebroWnisHWHite, sHarplyde- fined, sligHtlyzigzagged; arroWHeadspotspartlyfused, usuallynotprominent. Terminal linefine, ocHreous, folloWedbyanalmostcontinuousroWofdarktriangles. Fringesdark broWn, WitHocHreousstreaksatveins, ligHtgreyisH-broWnouteredgeandfineocHreous- broWnlongitudinallines. HindWingofmaleligHtbroWnisH-grey, WitHdarkbroWnmar- ginalsuffusion; tHatoffemaledarkbroWn, becomingpalertoWardsbaseofWing; trans- verselinedeleted, discalspotHardlydiscernible. Terminallineindistinct, broWn; fringes ocHreous- grey, cHequeredbyocHreousatveins, andmarkedbybroWnandocHreous- broWnlongitudinalstripes. UndersideofforeWinggreyisH-broWn, costalmargin, post- medialandsubterminallinesratHerdark; contourofreniformstigmaandinnermarginal arealigHter. UndersideofHindWingligHtbroWn, costalandmarginalareassuffusedWitH darkbroWn; transverselineanddiscalspotdistinctlymarked, darkbroWn. Abdomenand abdominalridgessamecolouredasHindWing.

Malegenitalia ( Figs 123–132 View Figs 119–132 ). Claspingapparatususuallyasymmetrical, rigHtvalva broader, tHanleftone. Uncusbroad, itsapexpointed; fulturainferiordeltoidal; vinculum V-sHaped, WitHfinelyroundedapex. Sacculusbroad; clavusserrated, saccularextension arcuate, itstiptruncated, WitHpointedinternalangle. BotHdigitusesreduced, Hardlyvis- ibleorabsent. Cuculluslarge, itcanbeturnedventradalmostatarigHtangle; corona andmacrotricHaeWell- developed; neckofcucullusslender. Aedeaguslong, tubular, only sligHtlytaperingaftertHebroadandroundedcoecum. Evertedvesicalong, tubular, only sligHtlytapering, recurvedormakingacoil; vesicalstickextendingonlyaboutone- tHird oflengtHofvesica; vesicalglanscomparativelylong; proximalpartofvesicaWitHasmall groupofspinesatrigHtside, distalpartWitHlonggroupofratHerstrongspines; vesical glansbearinglongandstrongcornutifield.

Femalegenitalia (Figs 133–135). Ovipositorconical; basalplatesofapopHysespos- terioresbroad, moreorlessrHomboidal; apopHysesratHersHort. Ductusbursaerelatively sHort, sclerotised, WitHalobeforopeningcarinaltHorn, andsclerotisedWitHfolds; lon- gitudinalpartofsHort, inacomparisonWitHlengtHofcorpusbursae. Appendixbursae large, Wide, obliquelyHook- like. CorpusbursaeWide, elliptical- rounded, membranous, WitHfourcomparativelylongroWsofsigna.

Bionomics. Heliophobus bulcsui sp. n. Has been found in mountainous grasslands, grassy, stonyslopesanddrymeadoWsWitHdiverseHerbaceous vegetation, betWeen 2700–3800 maltitudes. THemotHsareontHeWingin May, JuneandJuly.

Distribution. THeneWspeciesisknoWntooccurinNortHPakistanand CHina ( Tibet, Yunnan, Qamdo, QingHai, andGansu).

Etymology. THeneWspeciesisdedicatedtoMr. BulcsúSimonyi, sonof tHeseniorautHor.

Heliophobus aequalifuscus Gyulai et Simonyi sp. n.

(Figs 50–53,136–143)

Holotype. Male , Pakistan, HimalayaMts , KagHanvalley, TatHabaya, 2300 m, 34°36’48”N, 73°27’01”E, 7.VII.1998, leg. G. Csorba & L. Ronkay, slide No. 463m SJ. Simonyi (coll. S. J. Simonyi, Budapest, depositedintHeHNHM). GoogleMaps

Paratypes. Pakistan. 1 male, Jammu & KasHmir, NW of Junkar , 4200 m, 20–30. VII.2003 leg. V. Gurko, slideNo. 1698 P. Gyulai (coll. Dr. P. Gyulai, Hungary) ; 1 male, KasHmir , HimalayaMts, 30 kmNofMurree, Ayubia, 2650 m, 34°01’75”N, 73°24’03”E, 5–6.VII.1998, leg. G. Csorba & L. Ronkay , slide No. 459m S.J. Simonyi (coll. G. Ronkay, Hungary) ; 5 males, HimalayaMts , KagHanvalley, SaifulMuluk, 3100 m, 34°54’N, 73°42’E; 30. VI.1998, leg. Gy. Fábián & B. Herczig GoogleMaps ; slideNos 458m, 461m, 462mSJ. Simonyi (coll. P. Gyulai, MiskolcandG. Ronkay, Budapest) ; 1 female, KagHanvalley , aboveSHogran, Siri- paya, 3000 m, 4.VIII.2011, leg. B. Benedek (coll. P. Gyulai) ; 1 male, KagHanvalley , above SHogran, Siripaya, 3000 m, 4–5.VII.2014, leg. B. Benedek & J. Babics (coll. P. Gyulai) ; 1 fe- male, HindukusH Mts , 35 km N of Dir, Lavarai pass, 3100 m, 35°27’N, 71°43’E, 10.VII.1994, leg. B. Herczig, Gy.M. László & G. Ronkay GoogleMaps , slideNo. 460fSJ. Simonyi (coll. G. Ronkay, Hungary) .

Diagnosis. Heliophobus aequalifuscus sp. n. is tHe closest relative of H. kitti , despitetHebroWngroundcolourofbotHtHeforeWingandtHeHindWingas tHose of botH sexes of H. nepalensis and tHe female of H. bulcsui sp. n. THe ele- mentsoftHeligHtforeWingpatternandtHesometimesWell- discerniblepur- pleHueoftHeforeWingclearlysHoW, HoWever, tHecloserelationsHipWitH H. kitti , asWellastHefeaturesoftHegenitaliaofbotHsexes. THemaindiffer- ences, incomparisonWitH H. kitti , areasfolloWs: tHeligHtmarkingelements areligHtbroWn, notdominantlyWHitisH; tHepostmediallineiscrenellatein itsentirelengtH; tHecomparativelyvividcolouredsubterminallinealsovery stronglyzigzagged; tHepostmediallineisdefinedbytinydark, partlyflat- tenedarroWHead- spotsatinnerside, andtHearroWHead- spotsfolloWingtHe subterminallinearenarroWandratHerdistinct, despiteoftHeblurredand/ orfusedarroWHead- spotsofallcloselyrelatedspecies. THecombinationof tHeentirebroWncolourationofWingsWitHWeakpurpleHueofforeWingand tHestronglycrenellatepostmedialandsubterminallinesWitHWell- defined arroWHead- spotsaretHediagnosticexternalfeaturesof H. aequalifuscus .

IntHemalegenitalia, tHeclaspingapparatusisverysimilartotHatof H. kitti . THeconsiderableprominenceoftHeclavusisasHaredanddistinctive featureoftHesetWospeciesincomparisonWitHtHeotHertHreemembersof tHe H. texturata species- group. THespecificautapomorpHiesof H. aequalifuscus aretHereallypointedandstronglysclerotisedsaccularextension, andtHe lackoftHecornutifieldfromtHevesicalglans. THevesicaoftHeneWspecies istubular, taperingdistally, WitHoutconspicuousenlargementinitsproxi- mal part (WHicH is present in H. texturata and H. kitti ); it is tWisted in a Wide arcH, despitetHetigHtarcHof H. kitti andtHeonlyrecurvedorsimplycoiled vesicaoftHeotHeralliedspecies. THevesicalstickof H. aequalifuscus isoneof tHesHortestintHisgroupWitHitslengtHcaone- tHirdoftHefulllengtHoftHe vesica). THeneWspecieslackstHegroupofproximalspines (allotHermem- bersoftHegrouppossesstHesespines), buttHereisascarceroWofspineson tHeoutersideoftHearcHofvesicatHatbecomestoagroupofstrongspinesin tHemedialtHirdoftHevesica.

THe female genitalia of H. aequalifuscus are almost as robust as tHose of H. texturata , tHislatterspeciesHastHemostrobustfemalecopulatoryorgan WitHintHisgroup. THesHaredfeaturesoftHefemalegenitaliaoftHesetWo speciesaretHebroadostium- antrumcomplex, andtHeratesofovipositor, appendixbursae, corpusbursaeandductusbursae. THeproximalpartofductus bursaeof H. aequalifuscus WitHsHortlongitudinalandverysHortrecurving sectionsdifferconspicuouslyfromtHelongproximalpartofductusbursaeof H. kitti . Inaddition, tHebasalplatesoftHeapopHysesposterioresareratHer narroW in of H. aequalifuscus , not triangular as in H. kitti and H. nepalensis , or quadrangular as in H. texturata and H. bulcsui , and tHe four roWs of signa on tHecorpusbursaearetHesHortestWitHintHespecies- group.

Description. Wingspan 34–38 mm. ColourationofHead, collar, tegulaeanddorsal crestgreyisH-broWntodarkbroWn; ligHtborderofcollarHardlydiscernible; marginsof tegulaemarkedbyratHerdarkbroWnline, edgesratHerbroad, ligHtgreyisH; abdomenand abdominalridgessligHtlypalertHanforeWinggroundcolour. ForeWingpointed, costal andoutermarginssomeWHatarcuate; groundcolourgreyisH-broWntodarkbroWnWitH poorlyvisiblepurpleHue; ligHtmarkingelementsofpalertHangroundcolour. Anteme- diallinebroad, accentuatedbystrongdarkbroWnspotsatmedialsection; medianfas- ciaWaved, blurred, darkbroWn; postmediallinecrenulate, definedbytiny, darkbroWn arroWHead- sHapedspotsatmiddlesection. Orbicularandreniformstigmataencircledby darkbroWnandligHtannuliandfilledWitHgroundcolour; reniformstigmaWitHligHtcen- traldasH; contourofclaviformstigmadarkbroWn, itsfillingmottledbroWn. Subterminal lineWHitisH-grey, zigzagged, WitHsHortW-markmedially; arroWHeadspotsoffolloWing subterminallineratHersHarplydefined, tHin, darkbroWn. Terminallineveryfine, ocHre- ous, definedbydistinctdarkbroWntriangles. FringesWitHdarkerandpalerbroWnlon- gitudinalstripes, cHequeredbyfineocHreousstreaksatveins. HindWinggreyisH-broWn todarkbroWn, becomingsomeWHatpalertoWardsbase; veinsratHerdarkbroWn; discal spotHardlyvisible, transverselineobsolete; terminallinediffuse, broWn. FringesocHre- ous, WitHdarkbroWnmedialstripeandpaleocHreous- broWnouteredge. Undersideof foreWingsuffusedbyratHerlargegreyisH-broWnscales; costalmargindarkened; ligHtcon- tourofreniformanddarkpostmedialandsubterminallinesWelldiscernible. Undersideof HindWingirroratedbygreyisH-broWnscales; veins, costalandmarginalareas, transverse lineanddiscalspotdarkbroWn.

Malegenitalia (Figs 136–142). UncusnarroWormedium- broad, apicallypointed; fulturainferiornarroWdeltoidal; vinculumV-sHaped, terminallyfinelypointedorblunt andsligHtlyrounded. Saccularpartofvalvabroad; clavussligHtlyserrated, itsprominence strong, ratHertootH-like; saccularextensionbroad, Heavilysclerotised, itsapexreally pointed; cucullusbroad, itsnecksHortandslender; coronaWell- developed. Aedeagustu- bular, tapering, WitHeversibleventralcarinalplate, terminatedinopeningtHorn; coecum penisbroad, rounded. VesicatWisted, tubular, almostevenlytapering; vesicalstitcHabout one- tHirdofentirelengtHofvesica. MedialsectionofvesicaarmedbyaWeakroWofspines alongouterarcH, folloWedbyagroupofstrongspines; vesicalglanslong, narroW, most oftenWitHoutcornutifield, sometimesWitHasmallbundleofflimsybristles.

Femalegenitalia (Fig. 143). Ovipositorbroad, apopHysesposteriorescomparatively long, WitHmoreorlessellipticalbasalplates. Antrumbroad, sclerotised; ductusbursae relativelysHort. Appendixbursaesclerotised, Hook- like, WitHobliquebasalpart; itisvery largeincomparisonWitHcorpusbursae, locatedatdistalendofcorpusbursae. Corpus bursaeWide, rounded, membranousWitHfourverysHortroWsofsigna.

Bionomics. Heliophobusaequalifuscus livesinopenHimalayan- type Woodlands, consistingofpatcHesofmixedpineanddeciduousforests, grassy, stonyslopesanddrymeadoWsricHinfloWeringplants. THeknoWn specimensWerecollectedinbetWeen 2300–4200 maltitudes. THefligHtperiod istHeearlysummer, tHeadultsflyfromendofJunetobeginningofAugust.

Distribution. THespeciesisdistributedintHePakistanianHigHmoun- tains. THeoverWHelmingmajorityoftHespecimensWerefoundintHeSW Himalayas (KagHanvalley, MurreeHills), onlyasinglespecimenisknoWn fromtHeHindukusH (NWFrontierProvince: LavaraiPass).

Etymology. THename “ aequalifuscus ” referstotHealmostentirelybroWn colourationoftHeneWspecies.