Cubocephalus nanus, Watanabe, 2025

Key to Japanese species of Cubocephalus View in CoL View at ENA and Parmortha View in CoL (female only)

1. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum with deep notch medially and this carina divided into two teeth near notch ( Fig. 77A). Flagellum with slender and long flagellomeres ( Fig. 76N); FL I 3.7–4.2 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Body and legs nearly entirely black (fore and mid tibiae and tarsi sometimes yellowish-brown). Areolet weakly convergent ( Fig. 17F). Area superomedia present, usually obtusely defined ( Fig. 17G). Length of ovipositor sheath varied in length, longer than metasoma and shorter than body length ( Fig. 17A). Apex of ovipositor with some minute teeth dorsally ( Fig. 78N).

.................................. Cubocephalus atrator ( Walker, 1874) View in CoL -. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum without deep notch and teeth ( Fig. 77B). Other characteristics various.

................................................................................................ 2 2. Flagellum with robust and short flagellomeres ( Fig. 76K); FL I ca. 1.2 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Ovipositor strongly upcurved ( Figs. 20A, 78P). Ovipositor sheath shorter than metasoma ( Fig. 20A). Small species, body length shorter than 6 mm.

.......................... Cubocephalus Ratzeburg, 1848 View in CoL (in part) 3 -. Flagellum with slender and long flagellomeres ( Figs. 76M, O–Q); FL I more than 2.0 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Ovipositor weakly to strongly upcurved. Ovipositor sheath and body various in length.

................................................................................................ 4 3. Hind coxa, hind femur, and apical part of hind tibia blackish-brown ( Fig. 20A). Ovipositor sheath 1.3 × as long as hind tibia.

................................................ Cubocephalus nanus sp. nov. -. Legs including hind coxa, hind femur, and apical part of hind tibia entirely reddish-yellow. Ovipositor sheath 1.0 × as long as hind tibia.

...................... Cubocephalus nigriventris (Thomson, 1874) View in CoL 4. Areolet small and not wide on the radial vein; both sides weakly to strongly convergent; anterior width of areolet (= section of vein RS) shorter than half length of vein 2m-cu ( Figs. 16F, 19F, 21F, 22H). Clypeus various in width.

.......................... Cubocephalus Ratzeburg, 1848 View in CoL (in part) 5 -. Areolet large and very wide on the radial vein; both sides parallel or weakly convergent; anterior width of areolet as long as or longer than half length of vein 2m-cu ( Figs. 44F, 45F, 46H, 48B, 49F). Clypeus 1.9–2.1 × as wide as long.

................................................ Parmortha Townes, 1962 View in CoL 10 5. Legs red.

................................................................................................ 6 -. Legs black ( Figs. 16A, 19A, 21A, 22A).

................................................................................................ 7 6. Hind femur ca. 4.0 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Ovipositor sheath shorter than combined length of mesosoma and metasoma.

..................... Cubocephalus anatorius ( Gravenhorst, 1829) View in CoL -. Hind femur ca. 5.0 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Ovipositor sheath ca. as long as combined length of mesosoma and metasoma.

........................ Cubocephalus associator ( Thunberg, 1822) View in CoL 7. Lower valve of ovipositor with more than 16 teeth ( Fig. 78Q). Ovipositor sheath distinctly shorter than metasoma. T II and T III weakly tinged with red ( Figs. 21A, B). FL I 3.15 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view.

...................................... Cubocephalus sapporensis sp. nov. -. Lower valve of ovipositor with less than 13 teeth ( Figs. 78M, O, R). Ovipositor sheath and FL I with various length. T II and T III black ( Figs. 16B, 19B, 22B).

................................................................................................ 8 8. FL I 5.0–5.15 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Ovipositor sheath distinctly longer than metasoma ( Fig. 22A). Apex of ovipositor with some minute teeth dorsally ( Fig. 78R).

......................................... Cubocephalus uryuensis sp. nov. -. FL I shorter than 3.4 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Ovipositor sheath as long as or shorter than metasoma ( Figs. 16A, 19A). Apex of ovipositor without minute teeth dorsally ( Figs. 78M, O).

................................................................................................ 9 9. FL I 3.0–3.35 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Ovipositor sheath 2.3–2.45 × as long as hind tibia. Clypeus 2.5–2.6 × as wide as long. Malar space 1.0–1.1 × as long as basal width of mandible.

........................................... Cubocephalus asiaticus sp. nov. -. FL I 2.1–2.4 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Ovipositor sheath 1.8–2.0 × as long as hind tibia. Clypeus 2.05–2.1 × as wide as long. Malar space 1.35–1.45 × as long as basal width of mandible.

........................................... Cubocephalus confusus sp. nov. 10. Spiracle of T I situated near the mid-length of T I ( Fig. 77J). TS III to TS V and apical part of TS II of hind tarsus white. Large species; length more than 10 mm. Areolet weakly convergent ( Fig. 45F). Apex of ovipositor with some minute teeth dorsally ( Fig. 79N). Hind tarsus with white parts ( Fig. 45A).

................................................. Parmortha gigantea sp. nov. -. Spiracle of T I situated behind the mid-length of T I ( Fig. 77K). Other character states various.

.............................................................................................. 11 11. Base of hind tibia with white part ( Figs. 46A–C). Legs various in colouration; black except for white base of hind tibia or sometimes coxae, trochanters, trochantellus, basal part of hind femur, hind tibia, and hind tarsus sometimes variously tinged with red ( Figs. 46A–C). Ovipositor sheath 1.3–1.5 × as long as hind tibia. Tegula black ( Fig. 46G). Ventral half of lateral part of pronotum covered with longitudinal striae ( Fig. 46G). Apex of ovipositor without minute teeth dorsally ( Fig. 79O).

........................... Parmortha maruyamensis ( Uchida, 1930) View in CoL (= P. microstriatella ( Uchida, 1952) View in CoL syn. nov.) -. Base of hind tibia without white part ( Figs. 44A, 48A, 49A). Coxae and hind femur black ( Figs. 44A, 48A, 49A). Tegula black ( Figs. 44E, 48E) or ivory ( Fig. 49E). Ventral half of lateral part of pronotum covered with irregular rugae ( Figs. 44E, 48E, 49E). Other character states various.

.............................................................................................. 12 12. Tegula ivory ( Fig. 49E). Face without distinct punctures. Ovipositor sheath 1.5–1.8 × as long as hind tibia. Apex of ovipositor without minute teeth dorsally ( Fig. 79Q).

........ Parmortha pleuralis albomaculata ( Ashmead, 1906) View in CoL -. Tegula black or blackish-brown ( Figs. 44E, 48E). Other character states various.

.............................................................................................. 13 13. Anterior transverse carina of propodeum present ( Fig. 44H). Area superomedia well-defined ( Fig. 44H). TS III, TS IV, and apical part of TS II of hind tarsus white ( Fig. 44G). Face without distinct punctures. Ovipositor sheath 1.3 × as long as hind tibia. Apex of ovipositor without minute teeth dorsally ( Fig. 79M).

............................................. Parmortha albitarsale sp. nov. -. Anterior transverse carina of propodeum absent ( Fig. 48F). Area superomedia not defined ( Fig. 48F). Hind tarsus without white part ( Fig. 48A). Face with distinct punctures. Ovipositor sheath 2.35–2.4 × as long as hind tibia. Apex of ovipositor with some minute teeth dorsally ( Fig. 79P).

...................................................... Parmortha nigra sp. nov.