Ostodes paniculata Blume var. paniculata

Ostodes paniculata Blume var. paniculata View in CoL — Fig. 1 View Fig ; Map 1 View Map 1

Ostodes paniculata Blume (1825) View in CoL 620; Baill. (1858) 391; Miq. (1859) 384; Müll.Arg. (1866) 1115; Kurz (1877) 404; Hook.f. (1887) 400; Pax in Pax & Hoffmann (1911) 20; Gagnep. (1925) 322; Backer & Bakh.f. (1963) 493; Airy Shaw (1967) 411; (1972) 311;(1981) 335;Y.T. Chang (1982) 224;Phattar. & Chayam. (2007) 461, Pl. XXIII: 3. — Ostodes paniculata Blume var. paniculata View in CoL : Phattar.& Chayam.(2007) 461, f. 49.— Lectotype (designated here): Blume s.n., s.d., barcode L0158580 (L), [ Indonesia,] Java,Mt Salak.

Ostodes corniculata Zoll. & Moritzi ex Baill. (1858) View in CoL 391. — Type: Cat. Zoll. & Mor. 471 = Zollinger 471? (n.v.).

Ostodes kerrii Craib (1911) View in CoL 464;Pax & K.Hoffm.(1912) 126; Airy Shaw (1967) 411. — Syntypes: Kerr 1091 (K, 2 sheets), Kerr 1432 (K, 2 sheets), Kerr 1719 (K, 2 sheets), Siam (= Thailand), Chiang Mai, Doi Sootep.

Ostodes prainii Gand. (1919) View in CoL 287. — Type: Prain & Hock 933 (holo K n.v.), India, Assam, Jaboocka .

Shrubs to trees, to 16 m high, dbh to 40 cm; flowering branches 4–13 mm thick, bark whitish to greyish brown to brown. Outer bark thin, rough to very finely roughened to pustular lenticellate to smooth, grey to brown; inner bark light to dirty yellow, c. 1 cm thick; latex thin, red (to yellowish red); sapwood yellow-white. Stipules ovate to ovate-elliptic, 1–1.6 by 0.5–1 mm, outside somewhat sericeous, otherwise glabrous. Leaves: petiole 1.5– 25 cm long, ± round in transverse section, near apex with adaxial furrow to slightly channelled, (sub)glabrous; blade ovate to ovate-elliptic, 4.5–29.5 by 2.2–12.5 cm, 1.5–3(–4) times as long as wide, base slightly emarginate to rounded to widely acute, margin flat to somewhat recurved, teeth 7–14 mm apart, apex acuminate to cuspidate, both surfaces smooth, upper surface dull dark green, glabrous, lower surface light green, hairy when young, glabrescent; venation slightly raised on both sides (no domatia) to flat above and raised below (domatia present), nerves 8–10 per side. Inflorescences up to 33 cm long, subglabrous, green; bracts ovate to long triangular, up to 3.7 by 1 mm, margins sometimes basally with a gland-like structure, bracteoles broadly triangular, up to 1 by 1.3 mm. Staminate flowers 8.3–17.5 mm diam; pedicel 4.8–13 mm long from abscission zone; calyx: outer lobes ovate, 3.3–7.3 by 2.5–6 mm, inner lobes ovate to obovate, petal-like in W Malesia, 4.2–6 by 3.2–6 mm; petals 5, elliptic to oblong, 4.3–10 by 3.8–6 mm; filaments 3.3–4.7 mm long, anthers 0.6–1.2 by 0.6–1 mm. Pistillate flowers 11.2–13 mm diam; pedicel 7–14 mm long from abscission zone; calyx: outer lobes smaller, triangular, c. 2–4.5 by 5.5–7.5 mm, inner larger, more obovoid or apically split, c. 4.5–8 by 6–8 mm (see note 2); petals 5, ovate to elliptic, 5–8.5 by 5–7.5 mm; ovary ovoid, 2–4 by 2–4 mm, yellowish green to red, hairs (especially long ones) caducous, style 0.5–1(– 5 in fruit) mm long, stigmas 2.5–4(– 5 in fruit) mm long, apex 1–2 mm long. Fruits ellipsoid to obovoid, 3-lobed, 2.2–3.5 cm high by 1.9–2.8 cm wide, inner wall 2(–4.5) mm thick; pedicel up to 16 mm long; columella 1.6–2.9 cm long. Seeds 1.1–1.7 by 1.1–1.5 by 0.9–1.4 cm, not marbled in N Thailand to marbled in Java.

Distribution — India ( Maharashtra, Sikkim, Assam), Myanmar, S China ( Yunnan, Hainan), Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java; seemingly absent from Cambodia and Peninsular Malaysia.

Habitat & Ecology — Shaded understorey of primary rainforest, evergreen forest to secondary forest, often with much bamboo, along rivulets, 330–2500 m. Bedrock: granite, lime- stone. Flowering: February to April, July, October, November; fruiting: January, April to December.

Vernacular names — Sumatra: Medang pergam. Java: Gin- tung, Kaliki moengkim, Kamatakkiang, Kei djahe, Kidjarak, Ki Krantunnang, Ki-momuntjangan, Kirendang, Kirendong ( Blume 1825), Kitanglan, Kitoengkoe, Krantunnang, Tankoroh, Walang.

Notes — 1. There is quite some variation, Table 1 shows the major geoclines in characters between N Thailand and Java.

2. There are several disjunctions ( Map 1 View Map 1 ), the species is unknown for the Malay Peninsula and for the greater part of Thailand (mainly present in N Thailand and a few specimens from S and SW Thailand). However, these disjunctions do not provide a real gap in the variation that can be used to discern different entities. The disjunctions in Map 1 View Map 1 for Indochina is due to specimens that could not be georeferenced and the status of the W Indian (Maharashtra) specimen is unclear, the label could be incorrect.

3. Radcliffe-Smith (2001) regarded the inner sepals of the pistillate flowers as petals. They appear indeed petal-like, but unlike the petals they lack basal hairs on the inside.

4. Junghuhn s.n. (L 0158629) has an inflorescence that turn- ed into a witches’ broom.