Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) quadripunctata ( Meigen, 1830 )

Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) quadripunctata ( Meigen, 1830) View in CoL

( Figs. 19 View FIGURE 19 , 105–108 View FIGURES 105–108 )

Ephydra quadripunctata Meigen 1830: 117 View in CoL ; locus typicus not given [“von Prof. Wiedemann“]; lectotype ♀, des. by Cresson 1930 [NMW, Cresson 1930].

Ephydra furcata Zetterstedt 1838: 716–717 View in CoL ; type-locality: „Delekarliae“, „Lappon. meridion.“, „Ostrogothiae et Scaniae“ [ Sweden]; syntype ♂ ♀ [MZLU, Mathis & Zatwarnicki 1995], synonymy by Loew (1860).

Material examined: 221 specimens from Germany , Finland , Portugal and European Russia with new country records from Croatia and Georgia: Material: CROATIA : 2♂♂ 1♀, 25.vi.2017, Ðuračica 5 km s Magić Mala [45.133°N 17.596°E] GoogleMaps ; 1♂, 24.vi.2017, fishponds 1.5 km ne Stražanac [45.635°N 17.097°E] GoogleMaps ; 1♂, 28.vi.2017, floodplain Danube n Bijelo Brdo [45.524°N 18.874°E]; GEORGIA GoogleMaps : 2♂♂ 1♀, 10.vii.2019, small river valley sw Manglisi [41.694°N 44.379°E] GoogleMaps ; 2♂♂ 1♀, 4.vii.2019, Snostskali river 0.6 km nw Sno [42.609°N 44.633°E] GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis: Parydra quadripunctata can be confused with species of Parydra s. str. due to the obvious vein stump at radius r 2+3, broad gena and strongly dusted face. The main character separating P. quadripunctata from Parydra s. str. is the outstanding black seta on the middle coxa. The wing has a stronger pattern with darkening especially around the tip of radius r 4+5 and media m ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 ). Specimens with the vein stump at radius r 2+3 developed are separated from other Chaetoapnaea as, within the subgenus, this character otherwise occurs only in P. articulata which has distinct yellow knees. Specimens without a vein stump at radius r 2+3 occur rarely and can be distinguished by the densely dusted face.Within Chaetoapnaea this character is otherwise only found in P. arctica and P. nigritarsis which both have less strongly marked wings. Remaining questionable specimens should be identified based on the male terminalia with phallus and phallusapodeme fused ( Fig. 107 View FIGURES 105–108 ) and shape of phallus unique ( Figs. 105, 107 View FIGURES 105–108 ).

Distribution in Europe: Widely distributed and not rare in central and northern Europe Less common or locally absent in the south probably due to the lack of suitable habitats. To date it has only been recorded once from the Iberian Peninsula in northern Portugal ( Stuke et al. 2023). It has rarely been recorded from southern Europa though there are records from Croatia (see material). In Finland the species occurs north to 65°N (Laji.fi 2024) in Norway it is recorded north to 68°N ( Gbif 2024). Outside Europe there are records from Morocco ( Pârvu et al. 2006, Popescu-Mirceni 2011), Tunisia (Pârvu & Zaharia 2007) and Turkey ( Pârvu & Popescu-Mirceni 2006, Popescu-Mirceni 2011). In Asia the species occurs eastwards up to Japan ( Krivosheina 1995).

Biology: Recorded from a range of wetland habitats with a preference for wet forests with springs, streams or still water. Polyvoltine with the flight period spanning from March to October.