Ayers, Johnson & Ayers, 2022

3a. DIASTATEA TENERA (A.Gray) McVaugh View in CoL subsp. TENERA

Stems 3.1–43.5 cm tall, simple or with a few weak side branches, rarely many ascending branches. Leaves, the lowermost ovate to narrowly ovate, rarely reniform, 1.5–5.5 mm long, 1–4 mm wide; middle to upper leaves narrowly elliptic to linear, 3.3–24 mm long, 0.5–3.8(–4.2) mm wide. Inflorescence of few to 20 flowers; bracts 3–26 mm long, 0.4–2.7 mm wide. Flowers with pedicels 1.2–29 mm long in flower; calyx lobes equal to subequal, narrowly triangular to narrowly elliptic, (0.5–) 0.9–3 mm long in flower, margins entire or with 1–2 pair of teeth near the middle (rarely at base), glabrous; corolla purple to purplish-blue rarely white, the nectar guides yellow and dark purple with yellow projections at throat in purple morphs, the nectar guides purple with green streaks in the throat in white morphs; tube 3.9–8 mm long from calyx sinus to lateral corolla sinus, 0.2–1.4 mm wide at middle; dorsal lobes elliptic to obovate with pointed apex, narrowed claw attaching distal portion to deltoid base, 2.8–5.1(–6.2) mm long, 0.8–2(–2.5) mm wide; ventral lobes oblong sometimes distal end expanded, mucronate tip, (1.8–) 3.5–6 mm long, 1.0–2.7(–3) mm wide; filaments 4–10 mm long; anthers 0.7–1.5 mm long. Fruits narrowly ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, with an unequal base mirroring the gibbous corolla, 3.7–7.0(–8.5) mm long, 1.2–3 mm wide. Figures 3C, D View FIG , 4C View FIG .

Chromosome Number —Unknown.

Distribution —Mexican states of Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Puebla, Queretaro, Sonora, Zacatecas, and the Distrito Federal ( Fig. 7 View FIG ).

Notes —Small white or pale, purple-flowered individuals of D. tenera appear to self-pollinate. This is unusual because the styles of most D. tenera , as seen on both herbarium sheets and in a small greenhouse study, emerge from the anther tube before the stigmatic lobes open and become receptive. We examined one very small, autogamous, white individual from Sonora. It was collected at 1244 m, which is on the lower end of the range for this species. Ayers (1990) found a similar phenomenon between flower color, reproductive mechanism, and elevation in individuals of Lobelia cordifolia . The flowers from lower elevations were white and autogamous as compared to the flowers from higher elevation that were dark purple and allogamous.

Fourteen of the seventy-six collections examined do not have gibbous projections at the base of their corollas but in all other respects are morphologically consistent with D. tenera .

Additional Specimens Examined —Mexico. — DISTRITO FEDERAL: Por la entrada del Parque Tarango, por el sendero hacia la barranca norte, [19.35, -99.25], 11 Oct 2001, Cesar G. 210 (MEXU); Lomas, Feb 1937, Lyonnet 1466 (MEXU). — GUERRERO: Mpio. Chilpancingo, 8.9 mi. E of the western boundary of Chilapa, 5.6 mi. E Rıo Atempa on highway 93, 26 Oct 1984, Saunders-Scherrer 1481 (TEX). — JALISCO: Mascota, 17.2 mi N of Mascota on road to Puerto Vallarta, [20.69347, -104.87467], 14 Nov 2006, Ayers et al. 1777B (ASC); Mascota, 17.2 mi N of Mascota on road to Puerto Vallarta, [20.69347, -104.87467], 14 Nov 2006, Ayers et al. 1777A (ASC); Mpio. Tecalitlan: Puente San Jose sobre el Rıo Las Juntas, a ca. 8 km al S de Tecalitlan, carretera Colima-Pihuamo, 22 Nov 1981, Lott 818 (MEXU); Road from Ameca to Mascota, 2.5 mi SE of Mascota, 20 Oct 1983, Ayers et al. 262 (TEX); Mpio. Zapopan, ca. 2 km al E de Pinar de La Venta sobre carr. Guadalajara-Tepic, 10 Nov 1989, Koch & Fryxell 8988 (TEX); Hills near Guadalajara, 28 Oct 1889, Pringle 2374 (MO); Road from Ameca to Mascota, 6 mi SE of Mascota, 20 Oct 1983, Ayers et al. 268 (TEX); Mountains north of Autlan, 3–5 miles above Mina San Francisco (Cia. Minera de Autlan) , 5 Oct 1960, McVaugh 19934 (MEXU, WIS); Pine forest 1–2 miles east of Tapalpa, 1 Nov 1960, McVaugh 20565 (MEXU); San Sebastian Arroyo del Cura, Sierra Madre Mts., 5 Jan 1927, Mexia 1378 (MO); Precipitous south-facing mountainsides 4 miles north-northeast of Talpa de Allende, 12–13 Oct 1960, McVaugh 20108 (MEXU, WIS); Mpio. Puerto Vallarta. 14 km al SE de P. Vallarta, por la carretera que va a la Estacion Biologica de la U.N.A.M, 10 Nov 1978, Garcıa P. & Delgado S. 923 (TEX); 4.3 mi E of Talpa de Allende on road to Los Volcanes and Ayutla, 22 Oct 1983, Ayers et al. 313 (TEX); Carretera Chamela-P. Vallarta, “El Tuito”, unos 20 o 25 km antes de P. Vallarta, 24 Nov 1976, Hernandez M. et al. 3008 (MEXU); 20 km al S de Talpa de Allende, Mpio. de Talpa de Allende, 4 Oct 1982, Hernandez M. et al. 9072 (MEXU); Sierra de San Esteban , 13 Oct 1903, Pringle 8756 (MO); 12 km NW of Los Volcanes, 30 Oct 1973, Breedlove 35780 (MEXU); Road from Ameca to Mascota, 3.1 mi E of El Jacal, 20 Oct 1983, Ayers et al. 255 (MEXU, TEX); Road to Mascota, 6 miles northwest of Cuautla, 21 Oct 1952, McVaugh 13634 (MEXU); Collected along stream near small village of La Venta just W of Guadalajara, 19 Oct 1983, Ayers et al. 195 (TEX); 4.4 mi E of intersection of MEX 15 & 70, 6.8 mi W of Periferico in Guadalajara on road to Tepic, 3 Jan 1985, Ayers et al. 600 (TEX); El Tuito, a 4.5 km al N de la carretera Barra de Navidad–Puerto Vallarta, por el camino a “La Mina ”, 13 Dec 1985, Ayala 463 (MEXU); 20 km al NE de Mascota, Mpio. de Mascota, 5 Oct 1982, Hernandez M. et al. 9095 (MEXU); 8.7 mi S of Autlan on road to Barra de Navidad; at summit, 22 Oct 1983, Ayers et al. 317 (MEXU, TEX); 9.5 mi SSW of Talpa de Allende on “old” road (right fork) to La Cuesta and coast, 21 Oct 1983, Ayers et al. 283 (TEX); Mpio. Zapopan, a 1 km al E de la Mesa Tapona, Sierra de la Primavera, 7 Nov 1990, Mendoza 5282 (MEXU). — MÉXICO: Tejupilco, District of Temascaltepec, 24 Sep 1935, Hinton 8488 (GH); Mpio. Coyotepec. 1.5 km al O de Coyotepec. Sierra Alcaparrosa, 16 Nov 1980, Garcıa P. 1398 (MEXU, TEX); Parte alta de la Sierra de Alcaparrosa, 5 km al W de Coyotepec, 16 Nov 1980, Rzedowski 37098 (MEXU); Ixtapan de la Sal, 12 Oct 1952, Matuda el al. 27084 (MEXU); Mun. Coatepec Harinas, Rancho Santo Tobıas near Villa Guerrero, 19 Nov 1943, Gilly 107 (TEX); Highway 115 at Chalco, 3 Nov 1985, Saunders-Scherrer & Dieringer 1567 (LL); Near Coatepec Harinas; open grassy fields, 10 Nov 1964, Ripley & Barneby 13758 (NY); San Miguel Tlaixpan , municipio Texcoco, 23 Oct 1983, Ventura V. 1538 (MEXU); 5 km al W de Progreso Industrial, sobre la carretera a Villa del Carbon, 18 Sep 1977, Rzedowski s. n. (MEXU). — MICHOACÁN: Cerro Blanco, municipio de Patzcuaro, 18 Oct 1985, Escobedo 439 (MEXU); Comanja, municipio de Coeneo, 21 Oct 1985, Escobedo 441 (MEXU); Vicinity of Morelia, Cerros San Miguel , 15 Sep 1910, Arsene 5565 (MO); Vicinity of Morelia, Cerros San Miguel , 15 Nov 1911, Arsene 6064 (MO); Vicinity of Morelia, Loma Sta. Marıa, 28 Oct 1910, Arsene 5861 (MEXU); Vicinity of Morelia, Loma Sta. Marıa, 28 Oct 1910, Arsene 5865 (MO); Vicinity of Morelia, Cerros San Miguel , 15 Nov 1911, Arsene 6070 (MEXU, MO); Cerca de Palmas, municipio de Epitacio, 28 Oct 1990, Rzedowski 50517 (MEXU); Morelia, Loma Sta. Marıa, 11 Oct 1909, Arsene 3113 (MEXU); Morelia, Loma Sta. Marıa, 1 Nov 1912, Arsene 8907 (MEXU); 16 km al oeste-suroeste de Coalcoman, sobre la carretera a Villa Victoria, 5.5 km al norte de El Tejon, [18.74, -101.29], 2 Nov 2007, Ramırez-Amezcua & Steinmann 1178 (ASC); Transmaraan, municipio de Coeneo, 15 Oct 1991, Escobedo 2218 (MEXU); 5 km al S de Tendeparacua, municipio de Huaniqueo, 21 Oct 1990, Rzedowski 50334 (MEXU); Parte alta del Cerro El Chivo, municipio de Tingambato, 7 Sep 1989, Dıaz- Barriga 5979 (MEXU); Aprox. 0.5 km al SE de San Francisco de Los Reyes , municipio de Tlalpujahua, 25 Nov 1992, Garcıa et al. 3577 (MEXU). — MORELOS: Salto de S. Antonio , cerca de Cuernavaca, 18 Nov 1951, Gold 25883 (MEXU); 500 m al N de la caseta de cobro de Tepoztlan, sobre la carr. Cuatla-Cuernavaca, Mpio. Tepoztlan, 4 Nov 1987, Cabrera C. & Flores 14705 (MEXU); Sierra de Ocuila, rumbo Mexicapa, 16–18 Dec 1938, Lyonnet 2922 (MEXU); Barranca del Tecolote, 30 Oct 1970, Vazquez 2738 (MEXU); Mountainside above Cuernavaca, 6 Dec 1907, Pringle 15028 (MO). — NAYARIT: About 3 km west of Mazatan, 20 Nov 1963, Feddema 2671 (MEXU); 25 km by rd S of Tepic, [21.3, -104.9], 18 Oct 1970, Webster & Breckon 15685 (MEXU); Mun. La Yesca. 23 km al SE de Puente de Camotlan, brecha a Huajimic, [21.7, -104.2], 26 Oct 1989, Tenorio L. 16702 (MEXU). — OAXACA: Distrito: Yautepec, Municipio: San Juan Lajarcia. 1070 m lınea recta al S-SE del punto trino de Nejapa-Camaron-Lajarcia, meseta del Cerro Gavilan, [16.534, -95.907], 2 Nov 2001, Salas M. et al. 4299 (MEXU). — PUEBLA: Vicinity of Puebla, Tepoxuchilt, 1 Oct 1910, Arsene 5509 (MO); San Baltasar , 28 Oct 1906, Arsene 2138 (MEXU); Tepoxuchilt, 1 Oct 1910, Antonio s. n. (MEXU); Parque Estatal Gral. Lazaro Cardenas, [19.02, -98.11], 1 Nov 1994, Romero 586 (MEXU); Popocatepetl, Oct 1908, Purpus 3665 (MO); Parque Estatal Gral. Lazaro Cardenas, [19.0, -98.1], 3 Nov 1993, Romero 134 (MEXU). — QUERÉTARO: El Batan, camino a Amealco, 29 Sep 1984, Arg uelles € 2185 (MEXU); Camino entre carr a Mexico y Amealco, km 19 aprox., 10 Nov 1976, Arg uelles € 630 (MEXU); Cerca 8 km al NW de Amealco, por la carretera a San Juan del Rıo, municipio de Amealco, 14 Oct 2000, Zamudio & Becerra 11645 (TEX); Camino a Amealco, pasando Huimilpan a mano izquierda, 18 Nov 1992, Arg uelles € 3429 (MEXU). — SONORA: Municipio de Alamos, 6.2 km below (southwest) Rancho Santa Barbara, 34.6 km east-northeast of Alamos (by road), [27.12, -108.75], 1 Oct 2006, Van Devender et al. 2006 –1013 (ASC). — ZACATECAS: Approx. 2–3 km NW of Monte Escobedo, 6 Nov 1963, Feddema 2481 (MEXU, WIS); Mpio. Juchipila. 4 km al oeste de Pueblo Viejo, Sierra de Morones, Cerro de Pi nones ~, ladera este, por el camino al rancho de Lorenzo Magallanes, [21.35, -103.22], 12 Oct 1999, Balleza C. & Adame G. 11502 (MEXU).