Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T.Nees) Blume

2. Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T.Nees) Blume View in CoL — Map 1 View Map 1

Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T.Nees) Blume (1826) View in CoL 569; P.F. Burgess (1966) 332; Kosterm. (1986) 37; Coode et al. (1996) 151; Beaman et al. (2001) 398. — Laurus burmannii Nees & T. Nees (1823) View in CoL 57. — Cinnamomum kiamis Nees (1831) View in CoL 75, nom. illeg. — Type: Blume s.n. (lecto L, barcode L0035722, here designated; iso L, barcode L0035724), West Java.

Cinnamomum chinense Blume (1826) View in CoL 569. — Type: Blume s.n. (holo L, barcode L0035745 ), Java , introduced from China.

Laurus dulcis Roxb. View in CoL [(1814) 30, nom. nud.] (1832) 303. — Persea dulcis (Roxb.) Spreng. (1825) View in CoL 268. — Type: Roxburgh s.n. = Wallich Numer. List 2581A (1831) (lecto K-W, here designated; iso BM, BR n.v., P).

Cinnnamomum mutabile Blume ex Miq. (1864) 264,syn. nov. — Type: Anon. s.n. (holo L, barcode L0035729 ), Java.

Cinnamomum mindanaense Elmer (1910) View in CoL 705. — Type: Elmer 11105 (lecto K, here designated; iso A n.v., L, NY, US), the Philippines, Mindanao .

Cinnamomum macrostemon Hayata (1913) View in CoL 160, syn. nov. — Type: S. Nagasawa 155 (holo TI n.v.; iso K, L), Taiwan, Tainan, April 1910.

Cinnamomum hainanense Nakai (1939) View in CoL 24. — Type: Lei 151 (holo TI n.v.; iso NY, US), Hainan , Ching Mai District , Kwei Shu, Pak Shik Ling and vicinity, 21 Oct 1932.

Tree to 20 m tall, 12– 40 cm diam. Bark smooth, greyish brown; inner bark fragrant; sapwood yellowish. Twigs slender, terete, 2 – 3 mm diam, apically subangular, glabrous, dark brown to blackish. Terminal buds not perulate, conical, c. 2 mm long, densely covered with straight appressed hairs. Leaves opposite or subopposite, pale greenish brown, triplinerved, chartaceous, glabrous below; blade not bullate, without domatia, lanceolate, (6–)8 –12(–15) by 2 –4.5 cm, base cuneate, apex acute with blunt tip, tapering gradually, acumen indistinct; midrib raised on both sides, less than 1 mm broad; lateral veins raised on both sides, extending to about 2/3 –3/4 the length of blade; major intercostal veins slender, subscalariform, c. 2 mm apart, less prominent than midrib; minor intercostal veins faint, reticulate; petiole slender, distinctly grooved above, glabrous, 1–1.5 cm long, less than 1 mm diam. Inflorescences axillary or subterminal, slender, paniculate-cymose with first order branching, 2–12 cm long; rachis to 1 mm broad, minutely appressed hairy. Flowers minutely appressed hairy; pedicels slender, 3 –5 mm long; hypanthium 1–1.5 mm high; perianth lobes oblanceolate, c. 5 mm long, appressed hairy on both sides; fertile stamens 3– 3.5 mm long, anthers 4-locular, oblong with truncate apex, filaments c. 3/4 the length of the stamen; glands shortly stalked or subsessile attached on each side at the middle or lower half of filaments; staminodes c. 1.5 mm long, sagittate; ovary ellipsoid, c. 1 mm across, stigma trilobed. Infructescences 4 –8 cm long. Fruits ellipsoid or oblanceoloid with pointed tip, c. 10 by 5 mm; cupule funnel-shaped, shallow, c. 2 mm high, c. 3 mm diam, glabrous; perianth lobes partially persistent, abscised at c. 1/3 the length of the perianth lobes, leaving behind truncate apex, 1–1.5 mm long; pedicel, 5– 8 mm long, c. 1 mm diam, glabrous.

Distribution — Sabah (Keningau, Lahad Datu, Ranau, Sandakan and Sipitang district) and Kalimantan. This species is widely distributed, occurring in Mauritius, Southern China, Indo-China, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara, Hong Kong and Japan.

Habitat & Ecology — In Borneo known mainly from secondary forest, villages and abandoned plantations at altitudes to 1500 m. In Borneo this species is introduced and naturalised.

Uses — In Sabah, the bark is used for cooking, as a condiment and eaten fresh as snack. The leaves are used as tea ( Christensen 376) and as a charm by the local people by hanging them on the wall in the house of the sick patient. (For more detail on general usage see Nguyên et al. 1999.)

Note — This species is easily discriminated by its glabrous leaf blades, lateral veins extending to about 2/3– 3/4 of the blade length and partially persistent perianth lobes on cupule.