Cinnamomum cuspidatum Miq.

6. Cinnamomum cuspidatum Miq. View in CoL — Map 2 View Map 2

Cinnamomum cuspidatum Miq.(1864) View in CoL 262;Cammerl.(1925) 489; Kosterm. (1970b) 39; Kochummen (1989) 126; Kessler & Sidiy. (1994) 155; Coode et al. (1996) 151. — Type: Korthals s.n. (lecto L, barcode L0035772, here designated;iso K, L, barcodes L0035768,L0035769,L0035770,L0035771, L0035773, L0035774; iso U, barcode U0002652), Sumatra.

Cinnamomum graciliflorum Gamble (1910) View in CoL 218. — Type: Scortechini 1228 (lecto K, here designated;iso BM,E), Peninsular Malaysia, Perak, Gunung Ijuk. — Syntype: Wray 3664 ( K), Upper Perak .

Cinnamomum caudifolium Kosterm.(1969) View in CoL 457; J. A. R. Anderson (1980) 222, syn. nov. — Type: Brunig S 1123 (holo BO; iso SAR), Brunei, Temburong, Pandaruan river .

Cinnamomum malayanum Kosterm.(1988) 444. — Type: Mohd. Shah 1575 (holo L; iso K, KEP, SING ), Peninsular Malaysia, Pahang, Bukit Tenom, Ulu Keniyam .

Small tree to 7.5 m tall. Bark smooth, purplish brown; inner bark purplish brown; sapwood light pinkish brown. Twigs slender, 1–2 mm diam, apically terete, glabrous, drying light brown. Terminal buds not perulate, covered with straight appressed hairs. Leaves opposite or subopposite, trinerved, chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, glabrous below; blade not bullate, without domatia, rounded or elliptic, (5–)7–12(–15) by (2–)3 –4(–5) cm, base cuneate to narrowly cuneate, apex caudate, abruptly constricted, forming a slender and appendage-like acumen, (0.5–) 1– 3 cm long; midrib to 1 mm broad, raised or flat on both sides; lateral veins raised or flattened on both sides, extending to the base of acumen; major intercostal veins slender, 1–2(– 5) mm apart, subscalariform, less prominent than midrib; minor intercostal veins indistinct, reticulate; petiole c. 1 cm long, c. 1 mm diam, glabrous, deeply grooved above. Inflorescences axillary and/or subterminal, paniculate-cymose with first order branching, 4 – 6 cm long; rachis 1– 2 mm broad, appressed hairy. Flowers drying greyish, appressed hairy; pedicels 3 – 5 mm long; hypanthium c. 1 mm high; perianth lobes, ovate elliptic, c. 2 mm long, appressed hairy; fertile stamens 1–1.5 mm long; anthers 2- or 4-locular, ovoid to narrowly ovoid with rounded or obtuse tip, filaments c. 3/4 the length of the stamen, broad, transparent; glands sessile, attached at the middle of filaments; staminodes c. 1 mm long, sagittate; ovary subglobose, c. 1 mm across; stigma trilobed. Fruits broadly ellipsoid, 1–1.3 by 1 cm; cupule funnel-shaped, 3 –5 mm high, 5–10 mm diam; perianth lobes persistent, hardened, triangular, c. 2 mm long, appressed hairy; pedicel obconical, thick, 5 mm long.

Distribution — Sarawak (Lawas and Miri districts) and Brunei. This species is also distributed in Sumatra, Java, Peninsular Malaysia.

Habitat & Ecology — In mixed dipterocarp forest and kerangas forest at altitudes to 1000 m.

Vernacular names — Medang lawang (Malay) , Nyarung (Punan).

Note — Cinnamomum caudifolium from Borneo was distinguished on the basis of rounded or elliptic leaf shape ((5 –)7–12 (–15) by (2–)3 – 4(– 5) cm), long acumen ((0.5–) 1– 3 cm) and 2-locular anthers, but C. malayanum and C. graciliflorum from Peninsular Malaysia and C. cuspidatum from Sumatra and Java have an elongate-elliptic leaf shape (10 –17 by 3 – 4 cm), short acumen ( 0.5– 2 cm) and 2- or 4-locular anthers. Despite the variations in the leaves and anthers, I am of the opinion that C. caudifolium , C. graciliflorum and C. malayanum belong to C. cuspidatum because they share similar characters in having a funnel-shaped cupule with persistent hardened perianth lobes, slender and short ( 4–6 cm long) axillary or subterminal inflorescence with first order branching, glabrous leaf, distinctly grooved petiole and caudate leaf apex. The foregoing characters also distinguished C. cuspidatum from other Bornean species.