Cinnamomum pendulum Cammerl.

14. Cinnamomum pendulum Cammerl. View in CoL — Map 5 View Map 5

Cinnamomum pendulum Cammerl. (1925) 461; Kosterm. (1970b) 57. — Type: Labohm 2089 = bb 1099 (holo BO), Kalimantan, Kuala Kapuas, Sungai Ruhung .

Cinnamomum microcarpum Kosterm.(1970b) View in CoL 54;J.A.R. Anderson (1980) 223; Beaman et al.(2001) 399,syn.nov. — Type: Chew, Corner &Stainton RSNB 8 (holo BO; iso K, L, SAN, SAR, SING ), Sabah, Gunung Kinabalu.

Cinnamomum soepadmoi Kosterm. (1970b) View in CoL 68, syn. nov. — Type: Kostermans 7389 (holo BO; iso L, PNH, SING), East Kalimantan, Balikpapan, Gunung Beratus .

Tree 10– 26 m high, 14–45 cm diam. Bark smooth, greyish brown; inner bark reddish to pale brownish, strongly scented with cinnamon or nutmeg smell. Twigs slender, apically terete to slightly angular, c. 2 – 3 mm diam, glabrous; young twig apically appressed hairy. Terminal buds not perulate, conical, c. 2 mm long, glabrous or sparsely covered with minute appressed hairs. Leaves opposite or subopposite, triplinerved or trinerved, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous below; blade not bullate, without domatia, ovate, oblong-ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, 8 –19 by (3–)4 – 5(– 5.5) cm, base cuneate, slightly attenuating, apex acute, tip often gnawed; midrib raised on both sides, slender, to 1 mm broad; lateral veins flat or raised above, raised below, slender, ending at the leaf tip; major intercostal veins indistinct, slender, scalariform, to 1–4 mm apart, less prominent than midrib; minor intercostal veins indistinct, reticulate; petiole slender, terete or flat above, glabrous, c. 0.8–1 cm long, c. 1–1.5 mm diam. Inflorescences axillary and /or subterminal, stout or slender, paniculate-cymose, with first and second order branching, c. 8 cm long, minute-appressed hairy; rachis slender, to 1 mm broad. Flowers drying greyish, appressed hairy; pedicel 2 – 3 mm long, to 1 mm diam, slender; hypanthium c. 1 mm high; perianth lobes ovate, c. 2.5 mm long, appressed hairy; fertile stamen c. 2 mm long; anthers of the first and second whorl 4-locular, those of the third whorl 2- or 4-locular, filaments 2/3–3/4 the length of the stamen; glands sessile, attached on each side at the base or lower half of filaments; staminodes c. 1 mm long, sagittate; ovary ellipsoid, c. 1 mm long, stigma peltate. Infructescences to 17 cm long, erect. Fruits oblong-ellipsoid, 1–1.5 by 0.8 cm, dark blue when fresh; cupule cup-shaped, shallow, 1–4 mm high, 4 –7 mm diam, abruptly constricted to pedicel, rim entire, undulating, outer wall with faint longitudinal ridges, minutely hairy; perianth lobes caducous; pedicel c. 2 mm long, c. 1 mm broad, minutely hairy.

Distribution — Endemic to Borneo: Sarawak (Bintulu, Marudi, Miri, Lundu, Sri Aman and Tatau districts), Sabah (Ranau district), Brunei and Kalimantan (East, Central and West).

Habitat & Ecology — In primary mixed dipterocarp and submontane forest on shallow sandy clay soil or sandstone-derived soils on ridges at 650–1100 m altitudes.

Vernacular names — Lawang, Medang tija (both Malay).

Note — Additional collections from Borneo have revealed more information on the vegetative variation within this species. Cinnamomum microcarpum , C. pendulum and C. soepadmoi share the same leaf characters in having glabrous blade, cuneate to slightly attenuating base, acute apex without acumen and lateral veins extending to the leaf tip. In addition to this, their fruit cupules are similar in that they are small, shallow, cup-shaped, abruptly constricted to the pedicel, with undulating rim and the cupule outer wall with faint longitudinal ridges. The foregoing characters also distinguish C. pendulum from other Bornean species.