Cinnamomum subavenium Miq.

22. Cinnamomum subavenium Miq. View in CoL — Map 8 View Map 8

Cinnamomum subavenium Miq. (1858) View in CoL 902; Merr. (1921) 272; Cammerl. (1925) 452; Masam. (1942) 308; Kosterm. (1970b) 68; Argent et al. (1997) 310; Beaman et al. (2001) 400. — Type: Teijsmann H.B. 1032 and 1037 (holo U, in 2 sheets, barcodes U0002678, U0002677; iso BO), Sumatra, Solok.

Cinnamomum cyrtopodum Miq. (1858) View in CoL 897. — Type: Teijsmann H.B. 1053 (holo BO; iso U, barcode U0002653 ), Solok , Sumatra.

Cinnamomum borneense Meisn. ( May 1864) 19. — Type: Motley 796 (lecto K, here designated; iso L), Kalimantan, Banjarmasin. — Syntype: Motley 853 (K n.v., L n.v.) Kalimantan, Banjarmasin .

Cinnamomum borneense Miq. ( Oct. 1864) 260, nom. illeg., non Meisn. — Cinnamomum floribundum Miq.( Dec.1864) , nom. nov. — Type: Korthals s.n. (holo U, barcode U0002676 ; iso L, barcodes L0035989 , L0035991 , L0119675 ), South Kalimantan, Gunung Pamaton .

Cinnamomum glabrescens Miq. (1864) 264. — Type: Korthals s.n. (holo L, sheet no. 905220161), South Kalimantan, Gunung Pamaton .

Cinnamomum culitlawan Blume var. celebricum Teijsm. & Binn. (1866) 92, nom. nud. — Representative specimen: Hort. Bogor sub V D 35 (BO n.v., L n.v.), cultivated in Hortus Bogoriense (fide Kostermans 1970b: 68).

Cinnamomum ridleyi Gamble (1910) View in CoL 218. — Type: Ridley 4823 (holo K; iso L, barcode 0035987, SING), Singapore, Changi Road .

Cinnamomum nooteboomii Kosterm. (1988) View in CoL 446, syn. nov. — Type: Nooteboom & Chai 2102 (holo L; iso K, KEP, SAR ), Sarawak, Marudi district , Kelabit Highlands.

(for further synonyms in East Asia see Li et al. 2008)

Tree 18– 27 m tall, 13 –50 cm diam. Bark smooth, greyish; inner bark finely fibrous, pinkish brown, fragrant; sapwood whitish or cream. Twigs slender, 2 – 3 mm diam, apically subangular, minute-appressed hairy, dark brown. Terminal buds not perulate, conical, c. 2 mm long, densely covered with straight appressed hairs. Leaves opposite, subopposite or rarely alternate, trinerved or triplinerved, subcoriaceous, appressed hairy below, hairs straight to curly, sometimes leaves silky below (e.g., SAN 138868); blade not bullate, without domatia, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, (3.5 –)6 –11(–14) by (1.5–) 3 – 4 cm, base narrowly cuneate and slightly attenuate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5–1(– 2) cm long; midrib faint and flat above, prominent and smoothly raised below; lateral veins faint and flat above, prominent and raised below, ending at the base of acumen; major intercostal veins faint on both sides, slender, subscalariform, less prominent than midrib, 1–2(–3) mm apart; minor intercostal veins reticulate, obscure; petiole slender, 0.5–1.5 cm long, c. 1 mm diam, flat to shallowly grooved above, dark brown, appressed hairy. Inflorescences axillary and/or subterminal, paniculate-cymose with two to third order branching, densely appressed hairy, (4.5 –)6 –8(–10) cm long; rachis to c. 1 mm broad. Flowers yellowish red when fresh ( SAN 61755), drying greyish, densely appressed hairy; hypanthium c. 1.5 mm high; perianth lobes elliptic, c. 2– 3 mm long, appressed hairy on both sides; pedicel 2– 3 mm long; fertile stamens c. 2 mm long, anthers 4-locular, ovoid obtuse to oblong truncate, filaments c. 1/2 the length of the stamen, hairy; glands adnate at the middle of filaments; staminodes 1.5–2 mm long, appressed hairy, sagittate; ovary oblong, c. 1 mm long, stigma trilobed. Fruits ellipsoid, c. 10 by 7 mm, drying dark brown; cupule funnel-shaped, flattish, c. 1 mm high, c. 2 mm diam, rim entire, slightly undulating; perianth lobes caducous, sparsely hairy; pedicel obconical, c. 3 mm long, hairy.

Distribution — Sarawak (Marudi and Sri Aman districts), Sabah (Ranau, Tambunan and Sipitang districts) and West Kalimantan. This species is also distributed in Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia.

Habitat & Ecology — In mixed dipterocarp to submontane forest at altitudes to 1500 m.

Vernacular names — Berawith dari, Lekuah (both Kelabit), Kayu manis, Medang tiga urat (both Malay).

Uses — The wood is used as timber.

Note — Cinnamomum nooteboomii only differs from C. subavenium by its curly minute hairs on leaf undersurface (vs straight minute hairs). Both of these species share the same vegetative and reproductive structure by having elliptic to narrowly elliptic leaves, faint major intercostal veins, leaf apex with acumen measuring 0.5 –1(– 2) cm long, and a cupule that is funnel-shaped, flattish and without persistent perianth lobes.