Cinnamomum sintoc Blume

20. Cinnamomum sintoc Blume View in CoL — Map 7 View Map 7

Cinnamomum sintoc Blume (1826) View in CoL 571; Merr. (1921) 273; Cammerl. (1925) 455; Masam. (1942) 309; P.F. Burgess (1966) 332; Kosterm. (1970b) 64; Argent et al. (1997) 310. — Type: Blume s.n. (holo L, sheet no. 905229197; iso BO, sheet no. BO1267347), Java.

Laurus callophyllum Reinw. ex Nees & T. Nees (1823) 63, nom. nud. — Cinnamomum calophyllum Reinw. ex Nees (1836) View in CoL 40. — Type: Reinwardt s.n. (L n.v.) (fide Kostermans 1970b: 64).

Laurus pseudocassia Reinw. ex Blume (1823) View in CoL 67, nom. nud. — Representative specimen: Reinwardt s.n. (L, barcode L0035825), Asia.

Cinnamomum camphoratum Blume (1826) View in CoL 571. — Type: Blume 870 (holo L, barcode L0035971 ), Mt Seribu .

Cinnamomum pseudosintok Miq. (1858) View in CoL 902. — Type: Junghuhn s.n. (lecto L, barcode L0035975 , here designated; iso L, barcode L0035976 , K), Java, Preanger .

Cinnamomum laxiflorum Meisn. (1864) 21. — Type: de Vriese s.n. (lecto L, barcode L0035970 , here designated; iso K), Java.

Cinnamomum cinereum Gamble (1910) View in CoL 220; (1912) 84; Ridl. (1924) 96. — Type: Wray 2629 (lecto K, designated by Kosterm. (1970b: 64); iso BM, E, SING),Peninsular Malaysia, Perak,Waterfall Hill. — Syntype: King 8515 (BO, K), Peninsular Malaysia, Perak, Taiping .

Cinnamomum coriaceum Cammerl. (1925) View in CoL 475. — Type: Endert 149 E ip 841 (holo BO, sheet no. BO1267345 ; iso BO, sheet no. BO1267346 , L, sheet no. 925206251), Sumatra, Banjuasin and Kubu area. — Syntypes: bb 2567 (BO), Sumatra,Aceh, Langsa ; bb 2769 (BO), Sumatra, Bengkulu, Mt Aning ; Grashoff 564 (BO), Sumatra, hulu Komering .

Tree to 27 m tall, to 30 cm diam. Bark smooth, light brown; inner bark reddish brown, strongly smelling of nutmeg. Twigs stout, terete, 1.5 – 2.5 mm diam, glabrous, drying blackish. Terminal buds not perulate, conical, c. 2 mm long, glabrous. Leaves opposite or subopposite, drying brownish, triplinerved, thickly coriaceous, glabrous below; blade not bullate, without domatia, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, (8–)9 –13(–20) by 3 –5(–8) cm, base cuneate, apex acute; midrib raised on both surfaces, to 1 mm broad; lateral veins raised on both surfaces, extending to 1/2 – 2/3 the length of leaf blade; major intercostal veins subscalariform-reticulate, faint, 3 –5 mm apart, less prominent than midrib; minor intercostal veins faint, reticulate; petiole slender, drying blackish, discolorous to blade, 1–1.5 cm long, 1–1.5 mm diam, channelled above. Inflorescences axillary and/ or subterminal, stout, paniculate-cymose with first to second order branching, 5 –8 cm long; rachis c. 1 mm broad, hairy. Flower densely hairy; pedicel c. 2 mm long; hypanthium c. 1.5 mm high, distinct; perianth lobes elliptic, c. 2 mm long, hairy on both sides; fertile stamens c. 2 mm long, anthers 4-locular, ovoid with truncate tip, filaments c. 2/3 the length of the stamen; glands sessile on each side at the middle or lower half of filaments; staminodes c. 1 mm long, sagittate; ovary ellipsoid, c. 1 mm long, stigma peltate. Infructescence 10– 20 cm long; rachis 1–1.5 mm broad, sparsely hairy. Fruits ellipsoid or obovoid, c. 10 by 8 mm; cupule cup-shaped, deep, c. 6 mm high, c. 8 mm diam, rim entire, not undulating, glabrous; perianth lobes caducous; pedicel terete, c. 2 mm long, c. 1.5 mm diam, ridged horizontally.

Distribution — Sarawak (Lundu district), and West and East Kalimantan. This species is also distributed in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Java.

Habitat & Ecology — In mixed dipterocarp forest on sandy soil, at altitudes to 60 m.

Uses — The bark is sold commercially in the local market and used as medicine to treat diarrhoea and intestinal complaints. The powdered bark is used to treat wounds.

Note — This species is distinguished from the other Cinnamomum species of Borneo by its glabrous leaf blade, lateral veins extending to 1/2 – 2/3 the length of the blade and cup-shaped fruit cupule with entire rim. Specimen bb 28118 and bb 29036 cited as C. pendulum and C. lawang in Kostermans (1970b) belong to C. sintoc .