Alyxia tisserantii Montrouzier ( 1860: 233)

Alyxia tisserantii Montrouzier ( 1860: 233) View in CoL .

Neotype (designated by Middleton (2002: 66):— NEW CALEDONIA, Ile Art : Plateau Nord, elev. 200 m, 10 December 1975, MacKee 30500: L [ L 26699537 !]; isoneotype: K, NOU [ NOU058172 !]; P [ P04260837 !] ( Figs. 17 View FIGURE 17 , 18 View FIGURE 18 )

= Alyxia affinis Van Heurck & Müller Argoviensis (1871: 193) . Holotype:— NEW CALEDONIA, Gatope, Vieillard 958: AWH [AWH12555284!]; isotype: P [P00143134; P00143135]. Pulassarium affine (Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.) Kuntze (1891: 417) .

= Alyxia breviflora Van Heurck & MüllerArgoviensis (1871: 195) . Holotype:— NEW CALEDONIA, Gatope , Vieillard 952: AWH [AWH12555291!]; isotypes: BM [BM000508454!], K [ K000894169 !], P [P00156867!; P00156868!]. Pulassarium breviflorum (Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.) Kuntze (1891: 417) .

= Alyxia discolor Boiteau (1979: 449) View in CoL . Holotype:— NEW CALEDONIA, embouchure du Dothio, December 1871, Balansa 3473: P [P00072134!]; isotypes: A [A00054887!]; P [P00072135!]; Z [Z-000000950!]

= Alyxia disphaerocarpa Van Heurck & Müll. View in CoL in Müller Argoviensis (1870: 169). Lectotype (designated here):— NEW CALEDONIA, Pum [Poum] Tanlé, Deplanche [Vieillard 951]: AWH [AWH12555253!—lower left hand plant]; isolectotypes (see notes): G [G00169235!, G00169234!—left hand plant], L [L004696!, L0064516!—upper plant], NY [NY345469!—right hand specimen], K [ K000894170 !—lower right hand plant], P [P00156872!—left hand plant, P00156874!—left hand upper and lower plants], W [W 1889-0036663—left hand plant], Z [Z-000000949!]. Pulassarium disphaerocarpum (Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.) Kuntze (1891: 417) View in CoL .

= Alyxia microbuxus (Baill.) Guillaumin (1941: 366)) View in CoL . Gynopogon microbuxus Baillon (1889: 776) View in CoL . Lectotype (designated by Boiteau (1981: 124):— NEW CALEDONIA, 1862, Pancher s.n.: P [P00072142!]

Species circumscription:— Alyxia tisserantii View in CoL is most similar to Alyxia dolioliflora View in CoL by its reddish bark and sometimes almost linear leaves, but differs by fruits composed of several (2 to 4–6) spherical articles, 3.7–5 × 3.7–4.4 mm vs fruits composed of 1–2 ovoid articles 8–9.5 × 4.7–6.5 mm. It is also close to A. pseudoserpentina by the general morphology and habit, as well as leaf shape. However, it differs by longer peduncles (4.2–12 mm vs 0.5–4.1 mm in A. pseudoserpentina ) and a shorter corolla tube of 1.1–2.2 mm, almost equal to the corolla lobes, while A. pseudoserpentina has the corolla tube almost twicethe length of the lobes. A. pseudoserpentina is also different by its grayish bark and prominent nodes.

Distribution and habitat:— The species is widely distributed on ultramafic substrates on Grande Terre, from Belep islands to the South of Grande Terre. It grows mainly in shrublands from low to high altitude (10–1000 m elev.).

Phenology:— From herbarium specimens and picture available, the species flowers and fructifies all year round.

Notes:—Typification of Alyxia affinis . The specimen P04220365 is not considered as belonging to the type material because it is said to be collected in Nouméa. P04220363 labeled as Vieillard 958 is most probably a Pancher specimen numbered by Pancher according to “Vieillard’s species n° 958”. The specimen BM000508400 is a flowering one (the other original type materials are fruiting ones), most probably collected by Pancher and without locality, so it can be discarded from type material. The K (K000894168) specimen should also be rejected from the type material because it was treated at Caen herbarium (CN) by Lenormand, who is known to have mixed specimens and labels. This specimen actually belongs to A. celastrinea .

Typification of Alyxia breviflora . There are several specimens labeled as Vieillard 952 in numerous herbaria. At P, three (P04220382, P04220384, P04220385) were collected in Balade during the period 1855–1860 (as against “Gatope 1861–1867” for the AWH specimen) so they are not types. P04260777 was originally labeled Vieillard 952 from Gatope and a second label most probably added by Lenormand in Caen says it is from Balade so this specimen could be considered as an isolectotype. P00156868’s label (probably not Vieillard’s handwriting) does not say it is a Vieillard specimen collected in 1861–1867 but is congruent (phenology, shape of the leaves, state of drying) with the lectotype and is most probably an isolectotype. P00156867, K000894169 and the BM specimen also match the protologue and can be considered as isolectotypes.

Typification of A. disphaerocarpa . In the initial protologue van Heurck and Müller Argoviensis (1870) described A. disphaerocarpa from Vieillard 951 in New Caledonia but they (van Heurck and Müller Argoviensis 1871) later refined the locality as “Pum et Tanlé” in their own herbarium. Middleton (2002: 70) recognized AWH12555253 was a mixed specimen with several plants on it and chose the holotype as probably being only the lower left-hand branch. We agree with Middleton but because it is a mixed specimen it should be lectotypified. The lower left-hand branch is preferred because it is the only one with fruits so it most closely matches epithet’s name. Here, it is important to note that this branch bears a Deplanche 1861–67 label numbered “ 951 Vieill. (205 Depl.?)” from “Pum, Tanlé” while the other label is a Vieillard one from Gatope numbered 2968. And to the best of our knowledge, only Deplanche has visited Tanlé islet. In our opinion, the lectotype is therefore a Deplanche specimen he numbered according to “Vieillard n°951 species”. Middleton (2002) also found numerous isotypes in many herbaria (A, BR, G, K, L, NY, P, W, Z). Among the ones to which we had access, L0004669, the top sterile branch of L0064516, the two branches on the left hand of P00156874, the right hand branch of A00054882, the two fruiting branches on the left hand of G00169234, G00169235 (collected in 1868), the left hand branch of W 1889-003666 and Z-000000949 could reasonably be considered as isolectotypes. BR0000006956394, G00169233, K000864171, NY 00345468, NY 00345469, P00156869, P00156870, P00156871, P00156872, P00156873 are not considered as isolectotypes because either they are Vieillard or Mus. Néocal. specimens, sterile, bear flowers, have narrower leaves or a different state of drying. P00156875 [MuséeNéo. Cal. 116 (Vieillard 951 and Deplanche205?)] is probably not a Deplanche specimen and not dated 1861–1867.

Specimens examined:— NEW CALEDONIA; North Province; À L’Embouchure de la Rivière D’Ouaïlou, Balansa 2432 (P04225795!, P04225796!, P04225799!, P04236805!) ; Canala , 1 November 1869, Balansa 2432a (P04260835!, P04260838!, P04260839!) ; Mt. Koniambo , 21 December 1950, Baumann-Bodenheim & Guillaumin 9500 (L.3735044!, P04225734!) ; Dôme de la Tiébaghi, elev. 600 m, 17 August 1965, Bernardi 10293 (L.2699513!, P04225773!); Col d’Amos , elev. 150 m, 18August 1965, Bernardi 10335 (L.2699512!, P04225774!) ; Poro , 27 October 1977, Bourret 1380 ( NOU058159 !) ; Néaria , elev. 100 m, March 1901, Cribs 1208 (P04225763!, P04225764!) ; Pouembout , conservatoire botanique de Tiéa, 3 August 2000, Dagostini 181 ( NOU058337 !) ; Méré, Poro-Kouaoua , 3 September 2003, Dagostini 720 ( NOU001275 !) ; Baie d’Urville , 1 May 1869, Delacour s.n. (P04225766!, P05236785!) ; s.l., 1861, Deplanche 205 (P04225770!, P04226185!); Gatope , 1861, Deplanche 429 [Vieillard 2969] (P04220357!) ; Ile Art , elev. 200 m, 19°41'58''S, 163°38'42''E, 25 April 2017, Gâteblé 857 ( NOU105131 !) GoogleMaps ; Ile Art , elev. 200 m, 19°41'58"S, 163°38'42"E, 25 April 2017, Gâteblé 870 ( NOU105117 !) GoogleMaps ; s.l., Godefroy s.n. (L.2699541!); Ouest du Dôme de Tiébaghi , 9 November 1980, Hoff 3128 ( NOU058236 !, P04225721!); (Haute Tipindjé) vallée de la Paoué, elev. 500 m, 13 April 1951, Hürlimann 1165 (P04225729!); Mt. Poudéhoume , elev. 180 m, 23 July 1951, Hürlimann 1624 (P04225730!, US2316431 !) ; Région de Poro, Mine «Cyclone», elev. 250 m, 6 May 1969, Jaffré 223 ( NOU058314 !, P04236832!) ; Dôme de Tiébaghi , elev. 350 m, 15 October 1975, Jaffré 1384 ( NOU058319 !, P04260834!) ; Ile Art: plateau Nord , 9 December 1975, Jaffré 1545 ( NOU058188 !, P04260776!) ; Ile Art: plateau Nord , 9 December 1975, Jaffré 1558 ( NOU058187 !, P04260775!) ; Ile Art: plateau Nord , 10 December 1975, Jaffré 1664 ( NOU058174 !, P04260779!) ; Tiébaghi , 6 May 1978, Jaffré 2471 ( NOU058200 !) ; Troulala , elev. 160 m, 20°37'53''S, 164°22'22''E, 9 January 2018, Lannuzel 128 ( NOU089019 !) GoogleMaps ; s.l., Le Rat 773 (P04260773!); Paagoumène , elev. 50 m, 12 November 1965, MacKee 13887 (P04225755!) ; Montagne de Poum , elev. 380 m, 11 May 1966, MacKee 14987 ( NOU058243 !, P04226202!, P05236765!, US3669592!image) ; Sommet Nord du Mt Kaala, elev. 1000 m, 25 December 1966, MacKee 16127 (P04225817!); Paagoumène , elev. 5 m, 20 April 1967, MacKee 16603 (P04225815!) ; Pente Ouest du Mt Ouazangou, elev. 100 m, 19 June 1967, MacKee 16935 (L.2699554!, NOU058175 !, P04236807!) ; Houaïlou - Cap Bocage , elev. 150 m, 1 May 1968, MacKee 18753 (L.3729839!, NOU058246 !, P04236785!) ; Houaïlou , presqu'île de Ba, elev. 200 m, 24 September 1969, MacKee 20866 (L.3729840!, L.3729841!, NOU058255 !, P04236784!) ; Taom Mt Homédéboa , elev. 800 m, 16 October 1969, MacKee 20993 (L.2702414!, NOU058208 !, P04236859!) ; Ile Yandé: Oumbaïna , elev. 50 m, 7 October 1970, MacKee 22705 ( NOU058269 !, P04225600!) ; Poum, Titch , elev. 2 m, 5 January 1971, MacKee 23132 ( NOU058176 !, P04260833!) ; Poum, Titch , elev. 20 m, 5 January 1971, MacKee 23144 ( NOU058258 !, P04236790!) ; Néhoué , elev. 30 m, 18 September 1973, MacKee 27369 (L.3718454!, P04225590!) ; Houailou : Nessakouya, MacKee 29630 (L.2702449!) ; Poindimié: Povila , elev. 200 m, 21 March 1975, MacKee 29862 ( BISH746230 !, L.2702477!, NOU058249 !, P04260861!) ; Plateau N Ile Art, elev. 150 m, 8 December 1975, MacKee 30403 (P04225549!); Plateau N Ile Art, elev. 150 m, 8 December 1975, MacKee 30416 (L.2702463!, NOU058256 !, P04225545!, P05236809!) ; Plateau N de l'Ile Art, elev. 220 m, 9 December 1975, MacKee 30439 (L.2702437!, NOU058177 !, P04260836!) ; Plateau N Ile Art, elev. 200 m, 10 December 1975, MacKee 30500 (L.2699537!, NOU058172 !, P04260837!) ; Pouembout , elev. 30 m, 9 March 1976, MacKee 30844 (L.2699517!, NOU058220 !, P04225541!) ; Poum: Ile Tanlé ,elev. 140 m, 16February1977, MacKee 32818 (L.2699555!, MO1114599 !, NOU058169 !, P04225551!) ; Dent de Poya ( Versant Nord-Ouest ), elev. 200 m, 14 August 1977, MacKee 33632 (L.2702442!, NOU058203 !, P04236845!) ; Dent de Poya , elev. 500 m, 14 August 1977, MacKee 33641 (P04236847!) ; Dent de Poya , elev. 500 m, 14 August 1977, MacKee 33644 (L.2702455!, NOU058282 !, P04236843!, P05236775!) ; Base NE Dôme Tiébaghi, elev. 100 m, 11 May 1978, MacKee 35122 (P04236794!); Paagoumène , elev. 10 m, 9 May 1979, MacKee 36867 (L.2702425!, NOU058207 !, P04236793!) ; Paagoumène , elev. 10 m, 9 May 1979, MacKee 36869 (L.2702439!, NOU058312 !, P04236791!, P05236824!) ; Radio Tower Overlooking Houaïlou , 20 October 1980, McPherson 3265 ( MO1113727 !, NOU058247 !, P04236827!) ; Tiébaghi Massif , elev. 150 m, 22 December 1983, McPherson 6201 ( MO420941 !, NOU058268 !, P04225573!) ; Ile Art , 1860, Montrouzier 156 (P00072146!) ; s.l., Mueller s.n. (P04225575!); Massif Onajiele , 20°46'42"S, 164°28'4"E, 16 September 2016, Munzinger (leg. Scopetra) 7856 ( MPU640690 !) GoogleMaps ; s.l., Pancher s.n. (L.2699534!, P04225572!, P04260853!); Auf den Bergen bei Paita., Schlechter 14863 (E00098792!, L.2699528!); Pied de la Tiébaghi, 1 February 1969, Schmid 2682 (P04226204!, P04551235!); Montagne des Sources , elev. 600 m, 10 March 1965, Schmid 96 (P04551233!) ; Plaine des Gaïacs , 3 November 1975, Sévenet & Boiteau 1087 (P04225556!) ; Dôme de Tiébaghi , 4 November 1975, Sévenet & Boiteau 1113 ( NOU058286 !, P04225552!) ; Mt Tiébaghi , 5 November 1975, Sévenet & Boiteau 1116 (P04225553!) ; Paagoumène , 24 November 1967, Sévenet 39 S (P04551182!) ; Col de Parari - Ouégoa , elev. 270 m, 27 November 1967, Sévenet 48 S (P04551230!) ; Boulinda , elev. 250 m, 10 March 1964, Stauffer, Blanchon & Boulet 5787 ( NOU058183 !, P04225554!) ; Montagne de Poum , 25 March 1982, Suprin 1750 (P04226205!) ; Dôme de Tiébaghi , elev. 550 m, 17 August 1965, Veillon 352 ( NOU058205 !) ; Dôme de Tiébaghi , elev. 550 m, 17 August 1965, Veillon 352 (P04220404!) ; Ile Yandé: centre Ouest , 23 August 1978, Veillon 3660 ( NOU058335 !, P04260790!, P05236781!) ; Paagoumène Site de L’Usine , 13 May 1981, Veillon 4488 ( NOU058029 !, NOU058030 !) ; Poya: piste de la mine St. Louis , 2 December 1982, Veillon 5351 ( NOU058241 !, P04260854!, P05236782!) ; Balade , 1855, Vieillard 951 (P04220387!, P04220389!, P04236786!, P04236787!) ; Balade , 1855, Vieillard 952 (P04220382!, P04220384!, P04220385!, P04260777!) ; Gatope , December 1868, Vieillard 2968 (P04226174!, P04236772!, P04236773!, P04236774!) ; s.l., Vieillard 2969 (P04220354!, P04225762!); South Province; Baie de Prony , 1 October 1910, d’Alleizette s.n. (P04260771!) ; Bords de la Kouvélée, 30 January 1869, Balansa 1405a (P04225813!); s.l., Anderson s.n. ( BM000508524 !) ; s.l., Balansa 2432 a (L.2699549!); Collines ferrugineuses à l’embouchure du Dothio, Balansa 3473 (A00054887!, P00072134!, P00072135!) ; Tontouta , 29 May 1975, Debray 2305 (P04236802!) ; Tupiti , 1861, Deplanche 429 [Vieillard 2969] (P04220388!, P04220391!, P04225761!) ; Région de Nouméa , 1910, Godefroy 111 NC (P04260772!) ; Baie des Pirogues, Guillaumin , Baumann-Bodenheim, Hürlimann 15817 (L.3735038!, US2316792 !) ; Col de Plum , Guillaumin, Baumann-Bodenheim & Hürlimann 5571 (L.3735037!) ; Rivière des Lacs, Guillaumin & Baumann-Bodenheim 6652 (L.3718453!) ; Mt Dore, Guillaumin & Baumann-Bodenheim 7959 ( US2316499 !) ; Mont Dzumac , elev. 100 m, 25 November 1979, Hartley 15102 (L.2699551!, NOU058252 !) ; Baie des Pirogues , elev. 60 m, 17 December 1950, Hürlimann 411 (P04225723!) ; Mine du Plateau Supérieur au Dessus Du Belvédère , 3 April 1969, Jaffré 189 ( NOU058288 !, P04226169!) ; Secteur du Mont Dore, 4 January 1978, Jaffré 2122 ( NOU058272 !) ; Col de plum, 28 October 1970, Jaffré 419 ( NOU058271 !) ; Route de Bourail à Kua , 1 July 1904, Le Rat 2408 (P04236804!) ; Vallée de la Dumbéa, elev. 100 m, 17 March 1956, MacKee 4073 (L.2702424!, P04236851!); Haute Vallée Tontouta: ancienne Mine Galliéni , elev. 400 m, 14 October 1956, MacKee 5442 (L.2702484!, P04226173!) ; Ouroué , elev. 10 m, 20 October 1965, MacKee 13625 (P04225752 ; Ouroué , 20 April 1967, MacKee 16697 (L.2702479!) ; Ouroué , elev. 10 m, 6 December 1965, MacKee 14006 (L.3729838!, P04236833!) ; Basse Vallée de Thio , elev. 10 m, 25 February 1966, MacKee 14475 (P05236810!) ; Basse Vallée de Thio , elev. 10 m, 25 February 1966, MacKee 14475 ( BISH745434 !, L.2702443!, NOU058242 !, P04225747!)) ; Ouroué , 8 August 1906, MacKee 15476 (L.2702482!, NOU058211 !, P04260815!) ; Ouroué , elev. 300 m, 30 April 1967, MacKee 16697 ( NOU058210 !, P04260825!) ; Route de Yaté: Mt. Kouanenoa , elev. 250 m, 11 March 1969, MacKee 20277 ( NOU058330 !, P04260844!) ; Vallée de la Dumbéa, elev. 30 m, 1 July 1974, MacKee 28866 (L.2702464!, P04225588!); Vallée de la Dumbéa, elev. 30 m, 29 February 1976, MacKee 30786 ( BISH745305 !, L.2702468!, NOU058254 !, P04225547!, P04551239!) ; Dumbéa , elev. 50 m, 30 July 1984, MacKee 42079 ( NOU058262 !, P04236835!, P04551205!) ; Along road from Dumbéa river valley towards Mt Dzumac , elev. 300 m, 25 November 1979, McPherson 2148 ( NOU058292 !, P04236810!) ; Vallée de la Tontouta, 11 March 2007, Munzinger 4201 ( NOU017409 !, P04551212!) ; Auf den Bergen bei Païta , elev. 200m, 1 October 1902, Schlechter 14863 (L.2699527!, P04225562!) ; Port Bouquet. Ilôt Toupeti , face N.E, 3 June 1982, Suprin 1899 ( NOU058281 !) ; Cours moyen de la Dumbéa, 16 September 1980, Suprin 675 ( NOU058197 !) ; Port de France , 1855, Vieillard 954 (P04260774!, P04260778!) .