Echinax panache Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001

Echinax panache Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 View in CoL （LJ状NJu）

Figs 10–13 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13

Echinax panache Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001: 365 View in CoL , figs 569–571 ( ♂).

Echinax oxyopoides Yang et al., 2004: 67 View in CoL , fig. 1A–E ( ♀; misidentified per Marusik et al., 2009: 165).

Echinax panache Yang et al., 2004: 68 View in CoL , fig. 2A–C ( ♂).

Echinax panache Marusik et al., 2009: 165 View in CoL , figs 1–9 ( ♂ ♀).

Echinax panache Patil et al., 2015: 5 View in CoL , figs 1–4 ( ♀).

Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan Province: 1♂, Menglong County, Ta Mountain , 29.VII.2000, leg. M. Zhu. 9♀ 1♂ (HBUARA#2022-95), Shuangjiang County, Mengmeng Town, Banqiao Village ( 23.424582°N, 99.864808°E, 1969 m), 15. VI.2022, leg. L. Zhang, W. Wang, Z. Yang. GoogleMaps 1♀ (HBUARA#2022-78), Kunming City, Panlong District, Jindian Scenic Spot , Huanglong Jing ( 25.087561°N, 102.806884°E, 2013 m), 1. VI.2022, leg. W. Wang. GoogleMaps 1♀ (HBUARA#2022-103), Chuxiong City, Zixi Mountain Scenic Spot ( 24.993506°N, 101.426931°E, 2245 m), 24. VI.2022, leg. L. Zhang, W. Wang, M. Xu, Z. Yang. GoogleMaps 1♂ (HBUARA#2022-74), Kunming City, Panlong District, Jindian Scenic Spot ( 25.090798°N, 102.762491°E, 1969 m), 29. Ⅴ.2022, leg. W. Wang. GoogleMaps 1♂ (HBUARA#2022-72), Kunming City, Xishan Forest Park, Longmen scenic cableway station to small Stone Forest Scenic Spot (24.952489°– 24.951981°N, 102.637807°– 102.639223°E, 2200–2300 m), 28. Ⅴ.2022, leg. W. Wang. GoogleMaps Hainan Province: 1♂, Qiongzhong County, Limu Mountain , 20.VIII.2007, leg. F. Zhang. 1♀, Changjiang County, Bawangling National Nature Reserve , 23. Ⅴ.2009, leg. F. Zhang. Fujian Province: 1♀, Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve, Tongmu Village , 15.VII.2011, leg. F. Zhang. Anhui Province: 1♀, Xiuning County, Lingnan Village , 6. VI.2014, leg. S. Cha. Guangdong Province: 1♀, Chaozhou City, Shian Mountain , 22.VII.2011, leg. F. Zhang. Hunan Province: 1♀ (HBUARA#2022-322), Luxi County, Tianqiao Mountain National Nature Reserve ( 28.257758°N, 110.109792°E, 329 m), 8.VII.2022, leg. Y. Hou. GoogleMaps

Diagnosis. Echinax panache can be distinguished from E. oxyopoides by: 1) the distinct edges of copulatory openings ( vs oblique anteriorly in E. oxyopoides ) (cf. Fig. 12D View FIGURE 12 with Fig. 9D View FIGURE 9 ); 2) the ventral abdomen of females with longitudinal brown band ( vs without in E. oxyopoides ) (cf. Fig. 11D View FIGURE 11 with Fig. 8D View FIGURE 8 ); 3) the distal curved embolus ( vs with straight tip in E. oxyopoides ) (cf. Figs 9B View FIGURE 9 , 13A View FIGURE 13 with Figs 12B View FIGURE 12 , 13C View FIGURE 13 ).

Description. Male see Marusik et al. (2009) and female see Patil et al. (2015). Male palp as in Figs 12A–C View FIGURE 12 , 13C–D View FIGURE 13 ; epigyne as in Fig. 12D–E View FIGURE 12 ; habitus as in Figs 10–11 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 .

Distribution. China ( Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian, Anhui, Hunan), India, Thailand.

Biology. Nesting behavior of this species has been observed in the wild for the first time. The spider uses silk to hold the upper and lower leaves in place, creating a space that can fully accommodate its body ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 ).

Discussion. Comparing the emboli of Chinese Echinax species, we found some interesting and distinct features ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ). The embolus is long, thick, spiral, shovel-like, distal part of embolus is straight and pointed anteriorly in ventral view ( Fig. 13A View FIGURE 13 ), and embolus is C-shaped in retrolateral view in E. oxyopoides ( Fig. 13B View FIGURE 13 ); embolus is long, slender, spiral, and distal embolus is curved and pointed prolaterally in ventral view ( Fig. 13C View FIGURE 13 ), and embolus is spiral and hook-like in retrolateral view in E. panache ( Fig. 13D View FIGURE 13 ); embolus is short, sickle-shaped and distal embolus pointed anteriorly in ventral view ( Fig. 13E View FIGURE 13 ), and distal embolus also pointed anteriorly in retrolateral view in E. baisha ( Fig. 13F View FIGURE 13 ); embolus is short and arc-shaped in ventral view ( Fig. 13G View FIGURE 13 ), and distal embolus approximate straight in retrolateral view in E. breviducta sp. nov. ( Fig. 13H View FIGURE 13 ).