Gregorites Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2024

Key to genera of succinite Aleyrodidae View in CoL

1. Fore wing with a single, straight, non-forked central vein (Rs present, R1 usually short or absent); females with 2 pairs of ventral abdominal plates and males with 4 pairs of ventral abdominal wax plates; tarsal paronychium usually thickened and clothed with spinules (microsetae) on the plantar surface ........................ ......................................................... subfamily Aleyrodinae ( Snotra )

– Fore wing with a forked, central vein (Rs present, R1 strongly developed, except Rovnodicus , which has R1 short); females with 4 pairs of ventral abdominal plates and males with 3 pairs of ventral abdominal wax plates; tarsal paronychium usually thin and spine-like subfamily Aleurodicinae ( Paernis , Rovnodicus , Gregorites Drohojowska & Szwedo gen. nov., Medocellodes ) .. ............................................................................................................... 2

2. CuA on fore wing long and well visible, antennae seven-segmented, all antennomeres separated ................................................................ 3

– CuA on fore wing not visible, antennae six- or seven-segmented (then only segments 1 st to 5 th separated, remaining segments fused, in the form of narrow flagellum, longer than half the combined length of the preceding segments)........................................................ 4

3. Flagellum acute, median ocellus absent; amber from Denmark.... ................................... Gregorites Drohojowska & Szwedo gen. nov.

– Flagellum not acute, with two short terminal setae; median ocellus present; amber from Gulf of Gdańsk .................................................. ................................. Medocellodes Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2022

4. Antenna seven-segmented, fore wing broad, 2.1 times as long as wide;branch R1 on fore wing well visible,long and shallowly curved, directed anteriad; branch Rs straight, directed towards posteroapical angle of fore wing; hind wing with R vein forked; amber from Gulf of Gdańsk ......... Paernis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2011

– Antenna six-segmented, fore wing narrow, 2.9 times as long as wide; branch R1 on fore wing weakly visible, short and straight; branch Rs straight at base, directed towards middle of apical margin, slightly arcuate in apical portion; hind wing with R vein not forked; amber from Ukraine........ Rovnodicus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015

Genus Gregorites Drohojowska & Szwedo nov.

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0F109DE4-A009-4008-8D7B-D054C949870A .

Etymology: Dedicated to the son of JD—Grzegorz (in Latin Gregorius). Gender: masculine.

Type species: Gregorites aegiri Drohojowska & Szwedo sp. nov., by present designation.

Diagnosis.—Antennae seven-segmented (as in Paernis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2011 ), all antennomeres separated, flagellum short and acute (in Paernis only antennomeres 1–5 separated, remaining antennomeres fused, in the form of a narrow flagellum, longer than half the combined length of the preceding antennomeres), 3rd antennomere the longest.

Fore wing widening apicad, the widest in about 2/3 of the length. Branch R1 well developed, vein CuA on fore wing long and well visible (not visible in Rovnodicus Drohojowska et Szwedo, 2015 , and Paernis ).

Stratigraphic and geographic range.—Eocene (Lutetian– Priabonian); western coast of Denmark.

Gregorites aegiri Drohojowska & Szwedo sp. nov. Fig. 1 View Fig .

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D5415248-79AE-4039-92E6-401B9054DFFD .

Etymology: Specific name is after AEgir, a giant in Norse mythology, ruler of the seas.

Holotype: Male, NHMD 38959 [alternative ZMUC 902132 View Materials ], collected by C. V. Henningsen , 9.3.1967, deposited in Amber Collection in Natural History Museum of Denmark.A well preserved and complete imago of whitefly is included in clear yellowish and very small sized piece of amber (5×4× 3 mm) in shape of a flat cube.

Type locality: Danish amber; western coast of Denmark.

Type horizon: Lutetian–Priabonian, Eocene.

Diagnosis. —Imago, male. Antenna seven-segmented, scapus wider than basal part of pedicel, 4 th antennomere longer than 5 th, antennomeres 6 th, and 7 th the same length. Lateral part of pronotum triangular, mesopraescutum with rounded lateral angles, slightly wider than length of mesopraescutum in midline. Mesoscutum almost the same length as pronotum, posterior margin with gentle, arcuate depression, lateral part strongly elongated. Anterior margin of mesoscutellum in middle part rounded, in lateral part directed posteriad. Mesopostnotum with gently rounded anterior margin, slightly wider than its length in midline, anterior angles rounded, posterior angle wide arched. Anterior margins of metascutum rounded, posterolateral margins visibly rounded, posterior margin strongly rounded. Anterior margin of metascutellum in the middle part strongly rounded. Fore wing with vein CuA present, branch Rs slightly longer than branch R1, claval vein CuP much longer than half of length of fore wing, branch Sc+R in hind wing not reaching margin. Claspers strongly elongated, inner margin with depression near base of aedeagus. Aedeagus funnel-like shape, bulbous basally, narrowed and straight distally.

Thorax well visible on dorsal side ( Fig. 1A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 9 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Pronotum slightly wider than head with compound eyes, similar width as mesoscutum. Lateral part of pronotum triangular, longer than length of pronotum in midline, slightly curved anteriad. Anterior and posterior margins of pronotum arched. Mesopraescutum triangular and clearly separated, slightly wider than length in midline. Mesopraescutum 2.4 times narrower than pronotum. Anterior margin arched, lateral angles rounded, posterolateral margins straight, converging at an angle of 90°. Mesoscutum M-shaped, narrower in middle part with rounded anterior angles, 9 times wider than length in midline. Lateral part in the form of relatively long, narrow and blunt convexity. Anterolateral and posterolateral margins with clear depressions. Posterior margin concave in the middle. Mesoscutellum narrow, band-like, with the middle part clearly wider and rounded. Anterior margin in the middle rounded, posterior margin almost straight. Lateral parts of mesoscutellum narrow and slightly directed posteriad. Mesopostnotum triangular, with gently rounded anterior margin, slightly wider than long in midline; anterior angles rounded, posterolateral margins arched, posterior angle wide and arched, visible incision in midline. Metascutum partly covered by wings, in the middle part visibly narrowed, several times wider than the length in the midline. Incision in the middle part widely arcuate, anterior margin rounded, the lateral part in the form of narrow and blunt protuberances directed anteriad, the posterolateral margins rounded, the posterior margin is strongly rounded. Metascutellum narrow laterally, clearly wider in the middle, anterior margin rounded, posterior margin almost straight in the middle, slightly arched in the posterior-lateral parts; narrow lateral bands directed anteriad. Parapteron relatively large and oval ( Fig. 1A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 9 View Fig ), tegula subtriangular ( Fig. 1A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 9 View Fig ).

Fore wing slightly concave in the middle part ( Fig. 1A 1 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ), widening apicad, the widest in 1/3 of the length, about 2 times as long as wide. Costal vein strongly curved, anteroapical angle broadly rounded, apical margin and posteroapical angle rounded. Posterior margin rounded basally, further almost straight. Anterior margin covered with very small tubercle and setae ( Fig. 1A View Fig 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Common stem Sc+R+CuA short and thick. Branch Sc+R straight, directed towards the anteroapical angle, forked before half the length of the fore wing. Branch R1 straight, not reaching to the anterior margin. Branch Rs straight, about 2.1 times longer than the branch R1, not reaching to the anterior margin ( Fig. 1A 1 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Vein CuA straight, slightly curved in the middle part, departing at an acute angle from the common branch Sc+R+CuA, not reaching to the anterior margin ( Fig. 1A 1 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Claval vein CuP straight, slightly curved in the middle part, reaching over half of fore wing length, not reaching to fore wing margin ( Fig. 1A 1 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Hind wing relatively broad basally, widening apicad, widest in 2/3 of the hind wing length, about 2.2 times as long as wide ( Fig. 1A View Fig 2 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Anterior margin of hind wing invisible, partly covered by the fore wing and partly rolled up, angle and apical margin rounded, posteroapical angle wide rounded. Posterior margin of hind wing rounded. Branch Sc+R slightly curved in the middle, not reaching margin.

Description. — Measurements: Table 1. Head on ventral side covered with mold ( Fig. 1A View Fig 8 View Fig , A 12). Compound eyes relatively large, bulging and not divided ( Fig. 1A View Fig 9 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Ommatidia similar size. Lateral ocelli placed in front and above compound eyes, visible on dorsal side ( Fig. 1A View Fig 9 View Fig ). Anterior margin on vertex slightly rounded without median incision ( Fig. 1A View Fig 9 View Fig ), vertex with coronal suture distinct ( Fig. 1A View Fig 9 View Fig ). Antennae seven-segmented ( Fig. 1A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 9 View Fig , A 13). Scapus more twice as wide as long, pedicel large and massive, wider in apical part, about 2.3 times longer than width. Third antennomere the longest, about twice longer than antennomere 4 th. Fourth antennomere 1.6 times longer than 5 th. Antennomeres 6 th and 7 th the same length. Seventh antennomere tapering apicad.

Proleg the shortest, metaleg the longest ( Fig. 1A View Fig 5 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 12). Coxae elongated, slightly conical. Trochanters slightly longer than their width. Femora shorter than tibiae. Tarsus two-segmented. Profemur not visible, covered with milky veil. Metatibia 1.9 times longer than metafemur. basimetatarsomere 1.3 times longer than apical metatarsomere. Metatarsus similar length as metafemur. Hooked claw visible in metaleg ( Fig. 1A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 7 View Fig ), paronychium invisible. Metafemur and metatibiae with few, rare and scarcely distributed setae ( Fig. 1A View Fig 5 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 12). Singular setae on metatarsus, the most in the apical part of basimetatarsomere ( Fig. 1A View Fig 5 View Fig , A 7 View Fig ).

The abdomen from dorsal side covered by wings ( Fig. 1A View Fig 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ), from the ventral side slender and tapering towards apex ( Fig. 1A View Fig 8 View Fig , A 12). Abdomen with genitalia longer than the total length of the head and thorax ( Fig. 1A View Fig 3 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 8 View Fig ). Wax plates invisible. Pregenital segments obscured by mold ( Fig. 1A View Fig 7 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 12). Aedeagus relatively long, thin and straight, wider (funnel-shaped) basally ( Fig. 1A View Fig 3 View Fig , A 7 View Fig ), its length exceeds half the length of claspers. Claspers placed laterally, elongated, wider basally, tapered in apical half ( Fig. 1A View Fig 3 View Fig , A 7 View Fig ). The inner margin of claspers is slightly arched, with cavities near the base of the aedeagus, further straight and curved at the apex. The tops of claspers are pointed, overlapping, with a few small setae on the outside.

Stratigraphic and geographic range.— Type locality and horizon only.

Gregorites bergelmiri Drohojowska & Szwedo sp. nov. Fig. 2 View Fig .

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:429FC82E-9E21-42E7-AD00-F68B5F435CD8 .

Etymology: After Bergelmir, in the Norse mythology the giant who survived the flood of Ymir blood, ancestor of new line of giants.

Holotype: Male, NHMD 38972 [alternative ZMUC 902145 View Materials ], collected by A.K. Andersen, 28.3.1968, deposited in Amber Collection in Natural History Museum of Denmark.A well preserved and complete imago of whitefly is included in clear yellowish and moderate sized piece of amber (28× 16 mm) of irregular shape.

Type locality: Danish amber; western coast of Denmark.

Type horizon: Lutetian–Priabonian, Eocene.

Diagnosis.—Imago,male.Antenna with4 th and5 th antennomeres the same length, 4 th and 5 th antennomeres shorter than 6 th antennomere. Pronotum as wide as mesoscutum, lateral part triangular, much longer than their length line. Mesopraescutum small, poorly marked and asymmetrical, anterior margin curved, posterolateral margins gently, posterior angle widely arched. Anterior margin of mesoscutum widely arched, lateral margins strongly elongated and concave, posterolateral parts relatively large, tapering apically convexity, posterior margin strongly rounded. Mesoscutellum narrow and strongly concave anteriad. Mesopostnotum diamond-shaped, anterior margin strongly rounded. Metascutum with deeply, arcuately incised in median portion, posterior margin slightly rounded in the lateral part and almost straight in median portion. The middle part of metascutellum lenticular shape. Fore wing with vein CuA, branch Rs 2 times longer than branch R1. Hind wing short and very wide, with branch Rs 1.8 times as long as branch R1. Pygofer wider than its length in the middle line. Claspers about 1.3 times longer than the pygofer, with wavy outer and inner margins.

Description. — Measurements: Table 1. Compound eyes relatively large, not bulging and not divided ( Fig. 2A View Fig 9 View Fig , A 11 View Fig , A 12). Ommatidia small and equal in size. Vertex with coronal suture distinct ( Fig. 2A View Fig 9 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Anterior margin of vertex slightly concave in the middle part, but not indented ( Fig. 2A View Fig 9 View Fig , A 11 View Fig , A 12). Rostrum ( Fig. 2A View Fig 12) short and massive, reaching mesocoxa. Lateral ocelli relatively small located above compound eyes ( Fig. 2A View Fig 12).

Antennae seven-segmented ( Fig. 2A View Fig 3 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 11 View Fig , A 12). Scapus weakly visible, slightly wider than its length, pedicel large and massive, wider apicad, about 1.7 times as long as wide. Third antennomere the longest, about 3.2 times longer than 4 th one. Antennomeres 4 th and 5 th the same length, 6 th one 1.2 times longer than antennomeres 4 th and 5 th. Seventh antennomere about 1.5 times shorter than 6 th, tapering towards apex.

Thorax well visible ( Fig. 2A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 9 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Pronotum slightly wider than the head with compound eyes, about as wide as mesoscutum, longer at sides. Anterior and posterior margins triangular shape. Pronotum with lateral protruding parts, with rounded angles anteriad. Mesopraescutum small, poorly marked and asymmetrical, anterior margin strongly arched, posterolateral margins slightly arcuate, converging in the middle, wider than its midline length, posterior angle widely arcuate. Mesoscutum M-shaped, with a wide arcuate deep indentation at the anterior margin, clearly wider than its length in the midline. Anterolateral margins rounded, lateral margins strongly elongated and concave. Posterolateral parts of mesoscutum in the form of relatively large, tapering apically bulges, posterior margin rounded. Mesoscutellum in the form of a long, narrow and strongly curved transverse plate, towards anteriad. Mesopostnotum diamond-shaped, about 1.2 times longer than its width. Anterior margin rounded, lateral and posterior angles arcuate. Metascutum in the mid part strongly narrowed, about 22 times as wide as long in the middle line. Middle indentation in the form of a narrow, deep arc, anterior margin rounded. The lateral part in the form of narrow and blunt convexities directed anteriad. Posterior margin slightly rounded in the lateral part and almost straight in the middle. Metascutellum in the middle part lenticular shape, lateral parts invisible. Parapteron relatively large and oval Fig. 2A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 9 View Fig ). Tegula relatively large, with an irregular, slightly triangular shape ( Fig. 2A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 9 View Fig ).

Fore wings widening apicad, widest in about 3/5 of the length, about 2.3 times as long as wide ( Fig. 2A View Fig 1 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig , A 12). Costal vein arched, anteroapical angle and posteroapical angle arcuate, apical margin arched. Posterior margin rounded basally, further almost straight with delicate depression in the middle part. All margins of the fore wing are covered with small asetose tubercles. Common stem Sc+R+CuA short and thick. Branch Sc+R arcuate, directed towards the apical margin, forked slightly before half the length of the wing. Branch R1 slightly arched basally, further straight, not reaching the margin. Vein Rs straight, about 2 times longer than branch R1, not reaching the margin. Vein CuA arcuate, not reach the margin of the wing. Claval vein CuP straight, ending before half the length of the wing, not reaching the margin. Hind wing wide basally, widening apicad, widest in about 2/3 of the length, about 1.8 times as long as wide ( Fig. 2A 2 View Fig , A 11 View Fig , A 12). Costal vein arcuate, anteroapical angle and posteroapical angle rounded, apical and posterior margins rounded. All margins of the wing are covered with small asetose tubercles. Branch Sc+R almost straight, directed towards the apical margin, forked before half the length of the wing. Branch R1 arched, not reaching the margin. Branch Rs almost straight, about 1.8 times longer than branch Rs, not reaching the margin.

Profemora not visible ( Fig. 2A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 12). Coxa elongated and slightly conical, trochanters well visible, slightly longer than their width. Metatibia 1.5 times longer than metafemur, tarsus two-segmented, basitmetatarsomere approximately 1.4 times longer than apical metatarsomere, claws long and thin ( Fig. 2A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 12), paronychium not visible. Femora and tibiae covered with fine and fairly, unevenly distributed seta ( Fig. 2A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 12), the longest seta on the apical part of tibia, on the tarsus very short and dispersed seta. There are several long and evenly spaced seta on the inside of the mesotibia, similar to the metatibial comb ( Fig. 2A View Fig 7 View Fig ).

Abdomen relatively slender, longer than the total length of the head and thorax with well visible pregenital segments of similar length ( Fig. 2A View Fig 7 View Fig , A 11 View Fig , A 12). On the ventral side wax fields are visible ( Fig. 2A View Fig 7 View Fig , A 12). Borders between single wax fields are not marked, not visible operculum and lingula. Pygofer about 1.2 times as wide as long in midline, almost quadrangular shape, with a rounded anterior margin ( Fig. 2A View Fig 5 View Fig , A 7 View Fig ). Aedeagus bulbous at the base, distal part invisible, covered with claspers ( Fig. 2A View Fig 5 View Fig , A 7 View Fig ). Claspers elongated and relatively narrow, narrowing posteriad, 1.3 times longer than pygofer ( Fig. 2A View Fig 5 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 11 View Fig , A 12). The outer and inner margins of claspers wavy, arched apically, claspers cross at the apical part and curved dorsally.

Stratigraphic and geographic range.— Type locality and horizon only.

Gregorites skadii Drohojowska & Szwedo sp. nov. Fig. 3 View Fig .

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:24729F11-C24A-43DD-8CC0-693AC9DF480E .

Etymology: After Skadi, the giantess from Norse mythology, representing wilderness of the mountains and hunting.

Holotype: NHMD 38967 [alternative ZMUC 902140 View Materials ], collected by J. Flauensgaard, 21.1.1961, deposited in Amber Collection in Natural History Museum of Denmark. Imago of whitefly is included in dark brown and small sized piece of amber (8×8× 5 mm) of cube shape.

Type locality: Danish amber; western coast of Denmark.

Type horizon: Lutetian–Priabonian, Eocene.

Diagnosis.—Imago. Pronotum in lateral part longer than in midline, anterior angles of lateral part strongly rounded, posterior angles acute. Mesopraescutum heart shaped, with slightly incision in anterior margin, clearly separated, slightly wider that its length in the middle line, lateral angles rounded. Mesoscutum relatively wide in midline. Anterior and posterior margins of the middle parts of mesoscutellum mildly rounded, lateral parts almost straight. Anterior margin of mesopostnotum almost straight, lateral angles rounded. Anterior margin of metascutum arched, posterior margin almost straight. Metascutellum in the middle part oval.

Fore wing with vein CuA, branch R1 reaching the margin, branch Rs more than 2 times longer than R1. Hind wing with branch Rs in the form of extension of the Sc+R branch, Rs several times longer than R1 branch.

Description. — Measurements: Table 1. Head from the dorsal side visible only in small part, just above the pronotum, including some ommatidia of the compound eye ( Fig. 3A View Fig 5 View Fig , A 7 View Fig ), from the ventral side head covered with mold ( Fig. 3A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 8 View Fig ). Antennae very poor visible because condition of amber near the antennae not allow to determine the length of individual antennomeres. Pedicel clearly wider than other antennomeres ( Fig. 3A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 9 View Fig ).

Thorax well visible ( Fig. 3A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 5 View Fig , A 7 View Fig ). Pronotum slightly wider than meso- and metathorax, much longer in the lateral parts. Anterior margin widely arcuate, slightly acute in middle, posterior margin acutely incised, lateral parts widened laterad, with rounded anterior angles and acute posterior angles. Mesopraescutum heart shaped, with shallow incision in anterior margin, clearly separated, slightly wider than its length in the middle line, lateral angles rounded, posterolateral margins converging at an angle of 90°. Mesoscutum M-shaped, narrower in the middle, with rounded anterior angles. Mesoscutellum about 5 times wider than its length in the midline. Lateral sections convex, with narrow expansions laterad, anterolateral margin sigmoid, concave, posterolateral margin concave, posterior margin slightly concave in the middle section. Mesoscutellum narrow, band-like, widened and rounded in the middle portion. Anterior and posterior margins of middle portion slightly arched, lateral parts narrow and straight. Mesopostnotum triangular, slightly wider than its length in the midline. Anterior margin is almost straight, lateral angles rounded, the posterolateral margins are almost straight, the posterior angle arcuate. Metascutum strongly narrowed in the middle part, several times wider than its length in the middle line. Anterior margin arcuate, posterolateral margins slightly rounded, lateral parts of metascutum narrow and blunt protuberances directed anteriad. Lateral parts of metascutellum narrow, oval and strongly wider in the middle part, anterior and posterior margins slightly rounded. Lateral parts of metascutellum directed anteriad. Parapteron relatively large and oval Fig. 3A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 7 View Fig ). Tegula irregular, subtriangular ( Fig. 3A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 7 View Fig ).

Fore wing widening apicad, the widest in about 3/4 of its length, about 2.5 times as long as wide ( Fig. 3A View Fig 1 View Fig , A 5 View Fig , A 6 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 13). Costal vein arched, anteroapical angle arched, apical margin of vein curved, posteroapical angle arcuate. Posterior margin rounded at the base, further almost straight. Margins of fore wing with fine setae. Branch Sc+R straight, directed towards the anteroapical angle, forked at about the middle of the wing length. Branch R1 weakly visible, arcuate, reaching costal vein( Fig. 3A View Fig 1 View Fig , A 5 View Fig , A 10 View Fig ). Vein Rs straight, 2.1 times longer than vein R1, not reaching margin of wing. Vein CuA straight, weakly marked, slightly curved in the middle part, not reaching the margin of the wing. Claval vein CuP straight, relatively thick and well-marked, not reaching the margin of the wing. Hind wing relatively narrow at the base, widening apicad, the widest in about 3/4 of the length, about 2.3 times as long as wide ( Fig. 3A View Fig 2 View Fig , A 5 View Fig , A 6 View Fig , A 11 View Fig , A 12). The base of the costal vein invisible, covered by the fore wing further straight. Anteroapical angle arcuate, apical margin arched, posterior margin arcuate. The posteroapical angle of hind wing slightly rolled up. Margins covered with fine setae. Branch Sc+R gently arched, directed apicad, forked in the middle of its length. Branch R1 weakly marked, relatively short and straight, not reaching the margin ( Fig. 3A View Fig 2 View Fig , A 5 View Fig , A 11 View Fig , A 12). Branch Rs about 3.3 times longer than branch R1, occurs as an extension of Sc+R branch and not reaching the margin of the wing.

Proleg and mesoleg of similar length, metaleg the longest ( Fig. 3A 3 View Fig , A 6 View Fig , A 8 View Fig ). Coxae elongated and slightly conical, trochanters pronounced, slightly longer than their width. Profemora invisible. Measurements of mesotarsus made at an angle due to the specific positioning of the mesolegs. Metatibia about 1.6 times as long as wide. Tarsi two-segmented. Basimetatarsomere about 1.7 times longer than apical metatarsomere. Claws relatively short and straight, paronychium invisible. Metatibiae covered with relatively long and fairly evenly distributed setae, singular setae visible also on the tarsus.

Abdomen on the dorsal side barely visible ( Fig. 3A View Fig 5 View Fig ), on the ventral side covered with a thin layer of milky veil ( Fig. 3A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 8 View Fig ). Abdomen oval and longer than the total length of the head and thorax. Gender cannot be determined, probably female due to the characteristic triangular shape the apical part of the abdomen (visible from the lateral side) and lack of claspers and aedeagus ( Fig. 3A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 8 View Fig ).

Stratigraphic and geographic range.— Type locality and horizon only.

Gregorites bestlae Drohojowska & Szwedo sp. nov. Fig. 4 View Fig .

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F6404564-8183-4529-A7BD-5E27B8EEAD32 .

Etymology: After Bestla, the giantess from Norse mythology, the name means “thorn of evil”.

Holotype: NHMD 38962 [alternative ZMUC 902135 View Materials ], collected by C. V. Henningsen , 16.5.1957, deposited in Amber Collection in Natural History Museum of Denmark. Imago of whitefly is included in clear dark brown and very small sized cube shaped piece of amber (6×3× 4 mm).

Type locality: Danish amber; western coast of Denmark.

Type horizon: Lutetian–Priabonian, Eocene.

Diagnosis.—Imago. Antennomeres 4 th and 6 th equal in size. Anterior margin of mesopostnotum with delicate depression in the middle part, anterior angles rounded, posterior angle arcuate. Wide arched incision in the middle part of metascutum, posterolateral margins strongly rounded. Fore wing with vein CuA present, branch Rs more than 2 times longer than branch R1, hind wing with branch Sc+R not reaching margin.

Description. — Measurements: Table 1. Head invisible from the ventral and dorsal side due to the specific arrangement of the specimen and numerous impurities in amber ( Fig. 4A View Fig 8 View Fig ), part of head visible in the lateral view ( Fig. 4A View Fig 7 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 13, A 14). Compound eyes not bulging, not divided, ommatidia in equal size ( Fig. 4A View Fig 10 View Fig , A 13). Relatively large lateral ocelli located above the compound eyes ( Fig. 4A View Fig 10 View Fig , A 13).

Antennae seven-segmented ( Fig. 4A View Fig 3 View Fig , A 13). Scapus not visible, pedicel visible partially, longer than its width, wider at the apical part. Third antennomere the longest, about 3 times longer than 4 th one. Antennomeres 4 th and 6 th equal in size, 5 th one 1.2 times longer than 4 th and 6 th antennomeres; 7 th antennomere about 1.2 times shorter than 6 th, tapering towards apex.

From the dorsal side only a part of thorax is visible Fig. 4A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 9 View Fig ). Mesopostnotum triangular, almost as wide as long in midline. Anterior margin with delicate depression in the middle part, anterior angles rounded, posterolateral margin long, almost straight, posterior angle arcuate. Metascutum partly covered by wings, in the middle part visibly narrowed, at least several times as wide as long in midline. Anterior margin with distinctly depressions probably taphonomic artifact), incision in the middle part wide arched, lateral part in the form of narrow and blunt protuberances gently directed anteriad, posterolateral margins gently rounded. Metascutellum narrow laterally, much wider in the middle part with anterior and posterior margins rounded.

The fore wing widening apicad, widest in about 3/4 of the length of the wing, about 2.3 times as long as wide ( Fig. 4A View Fig 1 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 15). Costal vein almost straight at base, further slightly arched, anteroapical angle and posteroapical angle arcuate, apical margin arched. Posteroapical margin rounded basally, further almost straight. Common stem Sc+R+CuA short and thick. Branch Sc+R straight, directed towards the anteroapical angle, forked in the middle of the length of the wing. Branch R1 arcuate, not reaching a margin of wing. Branch Rs arcuate, 2.3 times longer than branch R1, not reaching to margin of wing. Vein CuA wavy, extending at an acute angle from the common stem Sc+R+CuA, not reaching the margin of the wing. Claval vein CuP straight, reaching almost half the length of the wing, not reaching the margin. Hind wing slightly distorted at the base, gradually widening apicad, widest in about 3/4 of length, about 2.6 times as long as wide ( Fig. 4A View Fig 2 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 12). Costal vein arcuate at the base, further almost straight. Anteroapical angle arcuate, apical margin arched, posteroapical angle rounded, posterior margin arched. Branch Sc+R slightly arcuate, not reaching the margin of wing.

Proleg invisible except for the apical tarsomere ( Fig. 4A 4 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 11 View Fig , A 14). Mesocoxa and metacoxa invisible, meso- and metatrochanters poorly marked. Meso- and metafemora the same length, metatibia at least 1.4 times longer than femur, tarsus two-segmented. Basimetatarsomere about 1.4 times longer than apical metatarsomere, claws distinct, relatively long and narrow ( Fig. 4A 4 View Fig , A 5 View Fig , A 14). Mesoparonychium visible reaching about half the length of the claw, similar in width to it ( Fig. 4A View Fig 5 View Fig , A 14). Setae short and few, the longest on apical part of legs ( Fig. 4A 4 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 11 View Fig , A 14). On the inner side of metaleg hardly visible tibial combs composed of several long and relatively even distributed seta ( Fig. 4A View Fig 11 View Fig ).

Abdomen invisible from the dorsal side, covered with wings, the ventral side of abdomen invisible ( Fig. 4A View Fig 8 View Fig ). From the lateral side abdomen seems massive, longer than the total length of the head and thorax ( Fig. 4A View Fig 7 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 14). From the lateral side only two wax plates well visible, the other two damaged ( Fig. 4A View Fig 7 View Fig , A 14). The wax plates large, rectangular with rounded angles and slightly wider than their length. Gender cannot be determined, probably female due to the characteristic triangular shape the apical part of the abdomen (visible from the lateral side) and lack of claspers and aedeagus ( Fig. 4A View Fig 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig , A 14).

Stratigraphic and geographic range.— Type locality and horizon only.

Gregorites thrymi Drohojowska & Szwedo sp. nov. Fig. 5 View Fig .

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0B065409-1718-40BF-AB15-F8980DF3BD3E .

Etymology: After Thrym, the giant in Norse mythology, king of the jǫtnar (giants) ruling Jötunheimr.

Holotype: Male, NHMD 38836 [alternative ZMUC 902009 View Materials ], collected by C. V. Henningsen , 1.2.1969, deposited in Amber Collection in Natural History Museum of Denmark. Imago of whitefly is included in dark brown and extremally small sized piece of amber (3×2× 2 mm) of cubical shape. Previously labelled as Psyllidae .

Type locality: Danish amber; western coast of Denmark.

Type horizon: Lutetian–Priabonian, Eocene.

Diagnosis.—Imago, male. Fourth antennomere almost the same length as 5 th, antennomeres 6 th and 7 th the same length, antennomere 7 th without narrowing in distal part. Branches R1, Rs, and CuA reaching margin of fore wing, claval vein CuP longer than half length of wing, branch Rs in fore wing and hind wing almost 2 times longer than branch R1. Hind wing with atypical shape, strongly narrowed basally, strongly widened apically. Claspers more than 2 times longer than pygofer, the inner side of claspers with a convexity in the middle, not crossing apicad. Almost all part of body covered by very tiny, densely dispersed hairs.

Description.—Measurements: Table 1. The head from the ventral side covered with mold and gas bubbles ( Fig. 5A View Fig 8 View Fig , A 9 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ), from the dorsal side completely invisible ( Fig. 5A View Fig 7 View Fig , A 13). From the ventral side a part of short, massive rostrum is visible ( Fig. 5A View Fig 8 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ) reaching to the mesocoxa. Rostrum covered with fine hairs. Compound eyes undivided ( Fig. 5A View Fig 9 View Fig ). Relatively big lateral ocelli are situated above compound eyes, visible from the lateral side ( Fig. 5A View Fig 9 View Fig ). Antennae seven-segmented ( Fig. 5A View Fig 3 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). First antennomere (scapus) is invisible. Second antennomere (pedicel) visible only in the upper part, about 3.5 times wider than the width of 3 rd one. Third antennomere the longest, about 2.5 times longer than 4 th. Fourth antennomere almost the same length as 5 th. Antennomeres 6 th and 7 th the same length, shorter than antennomeres 4 th and 5 th. Antennomere 7 th is bluntly terminated, without narrowing in distal part. All antennomeres covered with very tiny hairs ( Fig. 5A View Fig 11 View Fig ).

Thorax not visible ( Fig. 5A View Fig 7 View Fig , A 13).

Fore wing widening apicad, the widest in about 2/3 of the length, about 2.2 times longer than its width ( Fig. 5A View Fig 1 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 9 View Fig , A 13, A 15). Costal vein strongly curved. Anteroapical angle widely rounded, apical margin of the wing is arcuately curved, the posteroapical angle is arched. Posterior margin of the wing is arcuate at the base, further almost straight, the middle part with a slight depression. Margins of the wing are covered with fine setae ( Fig. 5A View Fig 13, A 15). Common stem Sc+R+CuA short and thick. Stem S+R straight, forked apicad of half of fore wing length, branch R1 slightly arched, reaching to the fore wing margin ( Fig. 5A View Fig 1 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 9 View Fig , A 13, A 15). Branch Rs straight, about 1.9 times longer than branch R1, probably reaching apical margin of the wing Fig. 5A View Fig 1 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 15). Vein CuA straight, extending at an acute angle from the common stem Sc+R+CuA, almost parallel to the Rs branch, probably reaching to the fore wing margin Fig. 5A View Fig 1 View Fig , A 15). Claval vein CuP thin and straight, not reaching to the margin ( Fig. 5A View Fig 1 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 13). Hind wing narrow at the base, clearly widening apicad, widest in about 3/5 hind wing length, about 2.3 times longer than wide ( Fig. 5A View Fig 2 View Fig , A 7 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 14). Costal vein slightly arched at the base, then almost straight. Anteroapical angle broadly rounded, apical margin arcuate, posteroapical angle broadly rounded, posterior margin arcuate. Margins of hind wing covered with fine setae ( Fig. 5A View Fig 14). Sc+R branch slightly arched at the base, further straight, forked at half of hind wing. Branch R1 gently arched, not reaching to the margin. Branch Rs arched, about twice as long as branch R1, directed towards the anteroapical angle, not reaching to the margin.

Proleg the shortest and metaleg the longest ( Fig. 5A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 9 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Coxae elongated and conical. Trochanters slightly wider than their length. Femora shorter than tibiae. Tarsi two-segmented, basitarsomere significantly longer than apical tarsomere. The claws relatively long and thin ( Fig. 5A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 5 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Paronychium of proleg and mesoleg 2 times shorter than the claw, similar in width to the claw ( Fig. 5A 5 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Paronychium of metaleg invisible. Metatibia 1.7 times longer than mesofemur. Basimetatarsomere about 1.4 times longer than the apical metatarsomere. On ventral side of metatibia well visible metatibial comb consisting of dozen or so, dispersed, long setae ( Fig. 5A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 10 View Fig ). Femora, tibiae and tarsi of pro-, meso-, and metalegs densely covered with fine, but distinct rows of tiny setae ( Fig. 5A View Fig 4 View Fig , A 5 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ). Abdomen on ventral side covered with gas bubble and mold ( Fig. 5A View Fig 8 View Fig , A 9 View Fig , A 10 View Fig ), only last pregenital segments and male genitalia visible ( Fig. 5A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 12). Pygofer about 1.6 times as high as long in midline( Fig. 5A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 12). Aedeagus with bulbous base, thin and straight in the middle, apical portion invisible (obscured by claspers) ( Fig. 5A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 12). Claspers elongate, gradually narrowing apicad, twice as long as pygofer ( Fig. 5A View Fig 6 View Fig , A 8 View Fig , A 12). The outer part of claspers is slightly arched, the inner with a convexity in the middle. Claspers do not crossed at apex, tapered in apical half, with apices pointed and curved dorsally.

Almost all part of body covered by very tiny, densely dispersed hairs, giving the impression of “mossiness” ( Fig. 5A View Fig 8 View Fig , A 10 View Fig , A 11 View Fig ).

Stratigraphic and geographic range.— Type locality and horizon only.