Pachylabra nevilliana

nevilliana View in CoL

Pachylabra nevilliana Annandale & Prashad, 1921: 11 View in CoL , figs. 1b, 2. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: NZSI 11864/2; possible paratypes: NZSI 25078/5 (5 spms.). Type locality —“ Tranquebar, which is on the east coast of Southern India ”. Distribution —known only from the type locality ( Subba Rao 1989: 59).

Remarks. The holotype is the shell figured as “the type-shell” by Annandale & Prashad (1921: fig. 2). However, the number of specimens in the type series is unclear. The description was based solely on the shells of Nevill, who noted 8 ( Nevill 1877: 5) and 9 ( Nevill 1885: 4) specimens (the reason for the discrepancy is unknown). Annandale & Prashad (1921: 11, 12) reported the “type-specimens” as NZSI M 11864 View Materials /2 but gave measurements for only 3 shells. On this basis, the original type series contained at least 3 and up to 9 specimens; some of Nevill’s original shells may have been lost. However, this type lot now only contains one shell, treated in the NZSI as the holotype. There are 5 specimens in NZSI 25078/5, labelled as paratypes. It is possible that these were subsequently separated from the original type series, so that there are now 6 known type (or possible type) specimens and the additional 2 or 3 specimens noted by Nevill appear lost. Nevill was of the opinion that the “[ type] locality could only be accepted with considerable reserve” ( Annandale & Prashad 1921: 12), although Annandale & Prashad seemed not to have shared this doubt. Pila , teste Subba Rao (1989: 59).

nigricans

Ampullaria nigricans G.B. Sowerby III, 1910: 60, 63, text fig. Type material — syntype: NHMUK 1910.9.30.1 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Buddhu, Uganda, 4000 feet ”.

Remarks. Synonym or infra-subspecific form of ovata Olivier , teste Mandahl-Barth (1954: 41). Synonym of ovata Olivier , teste Pain (1952: 287; as “ nigriscens ”), who stated that “Sowerby’s holotype ” was in the British Museum.

nux

Ampullaria nux Reeve, 1856e View in CoL : pl. 28, figs. 132a, b. Type material — syntypes: NHMUK 20020693 (3 spms.). Type locality —“ Bombay ”.

Remarks. Berthold (1991: 10, fig. 14) illustrated a specimen he considered to be the “ Holotypus ”. However, there are three specimens in the type series, which precludes the assumption of holotype ( Code, Rec 73F), and nor does Berthold’s action constitute lectotype fixation as it does not fulfil the requirements of the Code (Arts. 74.5, 74.6). Type species of Turbinicola , which was synonymized with Pila by Berthold (1991: 202). Only known from small streams near Khandalla and Igatpuri (Poona and Nasik districts) in the Western Ghats from altitudes between 2500 and 3000 feet ( Annandale & Prashad 1921: 11). Valid species in Pila , teste Preston (1915: 99). Synonym of saxea Reeve , teste Prashad (1923: 591, 1925: 87) and Subba Rao (1989: 61), followed here.

+ nyanzae

Ampullaria nyanzae Smith, 1892: 382 View in CoL . Type material — lectotype ( Pain 1961: 15): NMW.Z.1981.118.00514; paralectotype: NMW.Z.1981.118.00119; possible paralectotype: NHMUK 1892.8.27. Type locality —“A creek, commonly called Jordan’s Nullah, at the south end of the lake” [i.e. Victoria Nyanza (in publication title); = Lake Victoria]. Distribution —Lake Victoria ( Pain 1952: 290, 1961: 15; Brown 1980: 45, 1994: 54).

Remarks. The type series consisted of three specimens (NHMUK 1892.8.27.1–3), but a note in the NHMUK collection (by F. Naggs, 12 October 1993) states that two of these were stolen. The one remaining shell is the one illustrated by Brown (1980; fig. 23a, 1994; fig. 23a). Pain (1951: 230) noted that a specimen in the NHMUK marked as Smith’s “ type ” was in fact not the holotype, which he therefore stated was lost. Nonetheless, on obtaining a shell of nyanzae from the Sowerby collection, labelled as from Lake Victoria and collected by E. C. Gordon, the collector of Smith’s material, Pain (1951: 230) designated this specimen as the “ neotype and possible holotype ” as it “fits the original description extremely well”. His designation of this specimen as a neotype was not valid, not only because it was not deposited immediately on publication in a recognized scientific or educational institution but also as it did not clearly fulfil the other requirements of the Code (Art. 75). This specimen is now NMW.Z.1981.118.00514. Pain (1961: 15) subsequently designated a “ lectotype ”, presumably the same specimen he had formerly designated as the neotype, with the measurements given (see also Pain 1952: 290, 1961: 15) being identical to those of Smith (1892: 382). It is probably Smith’s original measured specimen; it matches his measurements closely except for the width, which is 10 mm less, perhaps an error by Smith, repeated by Pain. Pain (1961: 15) also noted a “ syntype ”, also from the type locality; this specimen (NMW.Z.1981.118.00119) is that illustrated by Pain (1951: pl. 28, fig. 3) (H. Wood pers. comm. 15 October 2013) and Kobelt (1912b: pl. 30a, fig. 1). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 60). Race, subspecies or form of ovata Olivier , in Pila , teste Pain (1952: 290, 1961: 15), Mandahl-Barth (1954: 45) and Brown (1980: 45, 1994: 54), followed here.