Deprea zamorae Barboza & S. Leiva, 2013

Deprea zamorae Barboza & S. Leiva View in CoL , sp. nov. ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 2 A–D View FIGURE 2 , 3 View FIGURE 3 , 4 View FIGURE 4 ).

Type:— ECUADOR. Zamora–Chinchipe: Límite del PN Podocarpus , desvío de la ruta principal en el límite entre Prov. Zamora–Chinchipe/Loja , a 600 m del desvío, 2750 m, 15 November 2011 (fl, fr), C. I. Orozco, G. Barboza, S. Leiva & A. Orejuela 3926 (holotype COL! , isotypes COL! , CORD 00006744 ! , CORD 00006745 ! , HAO! , QCA! ).

Deprea zamorae can be distinguished from other Deprea species by the purple indumentum and purple color of the young branches and leaves, the narrowly campanulate corolla with the tube as long as or slightly longer than the lobes, and the urceolate orange or reddish orange accrescent calyx with minute teeth that tightly invests the berry.

Shrubs (0.5–) 1.5–3 m high, much branched; older stems green, terete, hollow, glabrous, longitudinally ridged, 2–2.3 cm diameter at the base; young stems green with purple nodes, densely covered by simple nonglandular transparent trichomes, the trichomes intense purple at the tips of the branches; sympodial units unifoliate. Leaves alternate and in branch forks; blades (5–)7–8(–9.5) cm long, 3–5 cm wide, elliptic, slightly fleshy, dark green with purple–lilac colored veins beneath, densely pubescent on both surfaces, mainly on the abaxial surface, with patent simple or occasionally branched trichomes on the veins, the margin entire, repand, the apex acuminate, the base attenuate and unequal; petioles 1–1.5 cm long, purple with transparent patent indumentum. Secondary veins 6–8 pairs, impressed on the adaxial surface and prominent on the abaxial surface, forming a strong reticulum with other minor veins. Inflorescence axillary, usually 2 or 3(–5) - flowered, the flowers opening asynchronously; flowering pedicels pendent, widening slightly distally, 11–17 mm long, densely pubescent, the hairs transparent or purple and patent; buds ovoid, purplish green. Calyx intensely purple, cup-shaped, 3.2–5 mm long, densely with long uniseriate, glandular trichomes and purple non-glandular trichomes, glabrous inside, the main veins prominent, shortly 5-toothed, the teeth triangular, mostly obtuse, greenish inside, unequal, 0.3–0.6 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm wide; tube 2.8–3.5 mm long. Corolla almost entirely purple and yellowish cream proximally, narrowly campanulate, (10–) 13–14.5 mm long; lobes as long as or slightly shorter than the tube, ca. (5–) 7.5–8 mm long, 3–3.7 mm wide, triangular, slightly reflexed, purple on both surfaces, with glandular and non-glandular trichomes on both surfaces and on margins; tube swollen, 5–6.5 mm long, 5–6.1 mm wide, with a ring of relatively short non-glandular trichomes half way to the base inside and with the same tube indumentum outside. Filaments cream basally and purple distally, glabrous, equal or subequal, (3–) 3.9–4.5 mm; anthers exserted, oblong, purple, ca. (2–) 2.5–2.7 mm long, 1.9–2 mm wide, the connective cream; filament base expansion cream, 1.5–2 mm long. Ovary glaucous, pyriform, slightly 5-angled, ca. 1.5–1.8 mm long, 1.5–1.7 mm wide, the nectary yellowish cream, inconspicuous; style exerted, cream or sometimes lilac, glabrous, 5.3–6.6 mm, widening distally; stigma dark green, capitate, somewhat bilobed, 0.8–1 mm diameter. Berry ovoid or slightly globose, flattened at the apex, (8–) 10–11 mm long, 9–11(–13) mm diameter, orange or reddish orange at maturity; stone cells 12–15 per fruit, yellowish white; fruiting pedicels pendent, the fruiting calyx accrescent, urceolate, orange or reddish orange, tightly enveloping the berry up to the apex, slightly 5–10-costate. Seeds 75–80 per fruit, ovoid to reniform, compressed, yellowish brown, 1.5–1.7 mm long, 1.5–1.6 mm wide; testa reticulate.

Etymology:—The name refers to the distribution of the species in southern Ecuador in Zamora-Chinchipe Province.

Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting from April to November.

Distribution and Habitat:—Endemic to southern Ecuador (Prov. Loja and Zamora–Chinchipe, Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ) between 2200–2900 m in fragments of primary wet montane forests. It grows in black, clayey, and rich soils in association with Baccharis (Asteraceae) , Brachyotum (Melastomataceae) , Rubus (Rosaceae) , Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae) , Puya (Bromeliaceae) , Chusquea (Poaceae) , Cortaderia (Poaceae) , among others. It is usually found along roadsides and on steep slopes.

Conservation Status:—The conservation status of this species would be vulnerable (VU) under criteria B2 (a, b), known at 7 locations and the extent of occurrence below 2,000 km 2 (IUCN Red List Criteria 2012).

Anatomical observations:— Deprea zamorae has purple and whitish cream simple glandular and verrucose simple and branched non–glandular trichomes. Long simple eglandular trichomes cover the vegetative organs, pedicels, calyx, and corolla; they consist of (2–)4–9 elongate cells, the distal cell acute ( Fig. 4 A View FIGURE 4 ). Branched trichomes are very rare on mature stems and leaves; they appear occasionally in young leaves and inside the corolla ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Papillae ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ) and very short trichomes, some of them branched, are present on the calyx and apex and margins of the corolla lobes while trichomes of 3–8 rectangular to isodiametric cells, the distal one obtuse, cover the basal ½ length of the corolla tube interior ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ). Glandular trichomes can be short or long; the former have a unicellular stalk and a globose multicellular head ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ). These are common on both leaf surfaces and on the adaxial calyx surface, and less frequent on the corolla. The second type of glandular trichome has a 3–5-celled stalk and a unicellular oblong head ( Fig. 4F View FIGURE 4 ); these occur on most of the outer corolla surface and sometimes also on the calyx and pedicels.

Pollen grains are small sized (polar diameter 23.012 ± 0.846 µm), spheroidal in outline in hydrated condition, and tricolporate ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ). The pollen surface is irregular ( Fig. 4G, I View FIGURE 4 ). The exine ornamentation is sparsely microechinate (7.643 ± 0.802 microechini per µm 2), and the aperture membrane is granular ( Fig. 4G, I View FIGURE 4 ).

Seeds are ovoid to reniform, compressed, 2.8 ± 0.2 mm long × 2.5 ± 0.2 mm wide ( Fig. 4H View FIGURE 4 ). Seed coat sculpture is reticulate ( Fig. 4H View FIGURE 4 ). The cells are polygonal with almost straight lateral walls in the seed margin, and irregular in shape with sinuate lateral walls in the center of the seed ( Fig. 4H, J View FIGURE 4 ). All the cell walls, except for the outer periclinal walls, are papillate ( Fig. 4J, K View FIGURE 4 ); pits are present mainly at the base of the anticlinal cell walls ( Fig. 4K View FIGURE 4 ).

Additional specimens examined: — ECUADOR. Loja: immediately W of the pass between Loja and Zamora , 2800 m, 24 September 1967 (fl, fr), Sparre 18939 * ( S). Zamora–Chinchipe: at pass between Loja and Zamora and along trail toward Zamora , 2360–2800 m, 29 July 1982 (fl, fr), Clemants et al. 2257 * ( QCA, QCNE, NY); a 500 m de desvío de la ruta principal Loja–Zamora, en el límite entre Prov. Zamora–Chinchipe/ Loja , 2252 m, 79º03’22”W, 3º59’12”S, 16 July 2012 (fl, fr), Deanna & Leiva 9 ( CORD); GoogleMaps road Loja–Zamora, km 17 , 2400 m, 79º08’W, 3º59’S, 16 April 1973 (fl, fr), Holm-Nielsen et al. 3549 * ( AAU, F, MO, NY, S, U); GoogleMaps límite entre Loja–Zamora–Chinchipe , 2768–2790 m, 79º08’30,7”W, 3º59’10,4”S, 15 November 2011 (fl, fr), Leiva et al. 5256 ( HAO); GoogleMaps Parque Nacional Podocarpus , new road Loja–Zamora, E of Cerro Yanacocha , 2550– 2650 m, 79º07’’W, 3º59’S, 26 November 1988 (fr), Madsen 75571 ( QCA); GoogleMaps Parque Nacional Podocarpus , around pass on road Loja–Zamora , 2750–2950 m, 79º07’W, 3º58’S, 23 May 1988 (fl, fr), Øllgaard et al. 74394 * ( QCA) GoogleMaps .