Lionepha kavanaughi, 2020

LIONEPHA KAVANAUGHI MADDISON , SP. NOV.

( FIGS 2B, 16C, D, 12C, D, 14E, 9C, E, 22)

h t t p: / / z o o b a n k. o r g / u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: B7402931-D60B-484A-8231-6DEB41460D52

Holotype ♂ ( OSAC), herein designated, labelled: ‘ USA: Oregon: Wallowa Co., Lostine River Valley, 1483 m 45.3485°N 117.4152°W, 28 July 2016. DRM 16.069. D.R. & W.P. Maddison’, ‘ David R. Maddison DNA5000 DNA Voucher’ [pale green paper] GoogleMaps , ‘ HOLOTYPE Lionepha kavanaughi David R. Maddison’ [partly handwritten, on red paper], ‘ Oregon State Arthropod Collection OSAC _0002000004 [matrix code]’ [printed on both sides of white paper]. Genitalia mounted in Euparal in between coverslips pinned with specimen; extracted DNA stored separately. GenBank accession numbers for DNA sequences of the holotype are MN401771, MN401889, MN401946, MN401989, MN402108, MN402235, MN402308 and MN402428 .

Paratypes (91): A total of 75 additional specimens from the type locality (deposited in OSAC, CAS, CNC, CMNH, USNM, MCZ, MNHN, MZLU, NHMUK, UASM, EMEC, JRLC), as well as 16 specimens from the following localities: USA: Oregon: Union Co., Little Phillips Creek at NF-3734, 1140 m, 45.6285°N 118.0163°W 16.072 (2, OSAC); USA: Oregon: Wallowa Co., Lostine River , Two Pan Trailhead, 1709m 45.249°N 117.3762°W (3, OSAC); USA: Oregon: Wallowa Co., Lostine River Valley, 1526 m, 45.3181°N 117.4015°W (1, OSAC); USA: Oregon: Wallowa Co., Lostine River , Two Pan Trailhead, 45.2490°N 117.3763°W, 1728 m (3, OSAC); USA: Oregon: Wallowa Co, Lostine River (1, OSAC); USA: Washington: Blue Mountains, Lewis Peak (1, OSAC); USA: Montana: Ravalli Co., Nez Perce Fork of Bitterroot River, 3.1 miles E of Nez Perce Pass on Nez Perce Pass Road, 45.73086°N 114.48828°W, 1785 m (1, CAS); USA: Montana: Ravalli Co., Lost Horse Creek , 17.1 miles W of Highway 93 on Lost Horse Road 46.14142°N 114.48584°W, 1752 m (1, CAS); USA: Montana: Ravalli Co., Lost Horse Creek , 12.3 miles W of Highway 93 on Lost Horse Creek , 46.13404°N 114.39418°W, 1513 m (1, CAS); USA: Montana: Sanders Co., Prospect Creek , 5.1 miles E Thompson Pass, 47.57539°N 115.64034°W (1, CAS: CASENT 1048646); USA: Wyoming: Grand Teton National Park (1, UASM).

Type locality: USA: Oregon: Wallowa Co., Lostine River Valley, 1483 m, 45.3485°N 117.4152°W. The type locality is along a small tributary of the Lostine River , both above and below where it is crossed by Upper Lostine Road ( Fig. 4D).

Etymology: It gives the first author great pleasure to name this species for David H. Kavanaugh, a superb carabidologist, good friend and collector of the first recognized specimens of this species.

Diagnosis: Specimens of this species have pale tibiae and evident, transverse microsculpture on the elytra ( Fig. 16C, D); the elytral striae are relatively impressed ( Fig. 2B), with the fourth stria similar in depth to the first. Aedeagus ( Fig. 12C, D) without nub on internal sac ( Fig. 12E); sclerite CH 1 as in Figure 14E. Females share with L. casta a dorsal microtrichial patch of the bursa that is rectangular (not narrowed anteriorly) and with deep, longitudinal, parallel folds ( Fig. 9C).

This species is similar in appearance and genitalia to Lionepha casta , which with it shares pale tibiae. However, L. kavanaughi has more impressed elytral striae, especially the fourth. They are most easily distinguished by the left-most membrane of the internal sac: L. kavanaughi lacks the obvious triangular scales present in L. casta ( Fig. 18). L. kavanaughi occurs further east than any known localities for L. casta ( Fig. 22).

Additional characteristics: This is the largest member of the erasa group, with a body length of 3.81–4.42mm. Antenna piceous. Femora piceous or rufopiceous; tibiae paler, rufous or dark testaceous. Hind wings full-sized. Chromosomes of male 24 + X ( Table 5).

Geographic variation: The two specimens sequenced from Montana are reconstructed as somewhat distinct in the STACEY tree ( Fig. 8). These specimens differ by three bases in COI and three bases in wg, all representing synonymous differences in those protein-coding genes.

Note: Referred to as Lionepha ‘Bitterroots’ in Sproul & Maddison (2017). The specimen referred to in Erwin & Kavanaugh (1981: 54) as an ‘Anomalous record’ of Lionepha casta from Lewis Peak, Blue Mountains, Washington, is a female of this species.

Distribution: Known from the Bitterroot Mountains along the Montana – Idaho border and Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming, west to the Wallowas and Blue Mountains of north-eastern Oregon and south-eastern Washington. It likely occurs throughout the intervening regions of Idaho, but it has not yet been recorded there. There is a single female labelled ‘Up. Truckee R 8-19-52 PSBartholomew’ in CAS that externally appears most like L. kavanaughi , and it has a folded microtrichial patch matching that of L. kavanaughi or L. casta , but it is far enough outside the known distribution of either L. kavanaughi or L. casta that we consider the record doubtful, and have not included it on the map. Elevational range of the few known localities is between 1085 and 2060 m. Specimens were collected in June and July.

Habitat: In the Wallowa and Blue Mountains of Oregon, found on the gravel and sand shores of small creeks in forests (e.g. at the type locality, shown in Fig. 4D). Lionepha probata and L. disjuncta are also abundant at the type locality, along with Bembidion kuprianovii Mannerheim.

LIONEPHA LINDROTHI MADDISON & SPROUL ,