Lionepha tuulukwa, Maddison, David R. & Sproul, John S., 2020

LIONEPHA TUULUKWA MADDISON, SP. NOV.

( FIGS 3D, 17G, H, 13G, H, 19D, 24C)

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Holotype ♂ ( OSAC), herein designated, labelled: ‘ USA: Oregon: Benton Co., Marys Peak Rd, Alder Creek Falls , 700 m, 44.4746°N 123.5286°W, 24 September 2010. DRM 10.133. D.R. Maddison’, ‘ David R. Maddison DNA2643 DNA Voucher’ [pale green paper] GoogleMaps , ‘ HOLOTYPE Lionepha tuulukwa David R. Maddison’ [partly handwritten, on red paper], ‘ Oregon State Arthropod Collection OSAC _0002000006 [matrix code]’ [printed on both sides of white paper]. Genitalia mounted in Euparal in between coverslips pinned with specimen; extracted DNA and chromosome slide stored separately. GenBank accession numbers for DNA sequences of the holotype are MN401816, MN401919, MN401967, MN402036, MN402162, MN402273 and MN402355 .

Paratypes (70): In addition to 33 paratypes from the type locality (deposited in OSAC, CAS, CNC, CMNH, USNM, MCZ, MNHN, MZLU, NHMUK, UASM) , we designate 37 paratypes from the following localities: USA: Oregon: Benton Co., Marys Peak, Alder Creek Falls , 700 m, 44.4745°N 123.5282°W (1, OSAC) GoogleMaps ; USA: Oregon: Benton Co., Marys Peak Rd, nr Alder Creek Falls , 700 m, 44.4748°N 123.5280°W (21, OSAC) GoogleMaps ; USA: Oregon: Benton Co., Waterfall at mile 2.2 Marys Peak Rd , 700 m, 44.4748°N 123.5247°W (5, OSAC) GoogleMaps ; USA: Oregon: Lane Co., Knowles Creek , 6.8 km SE Mapleton, 48 m, 44.0136°N 123.7880°W (7, OSAC) GoogleMaps ; USA: Oregon: Lane Co., Knowles Creek (3, OSAC) .

The single specimen from the Trinity Alps of California ( USA: California: Trinity Co., Canyon Creek, 1440 m, 40.9490°N 123.0179°W; OSAC) was not designated a paratype.

Type locality: The type locality is Alder Creek Falls, on the south-east slope of Marys Peak, in the Oregon Coast Range , at 44.4746°N 123.5286°W ( Fig. 4A) GoogleMaps .

Etymology: The epithet is derived from tuu-lukwa, meaning ‘waterfall’ in the Santiam dialect of Kalapuya ( Swadesh, 1965), and it is thus most likely the same word in the Marys River dialect (Henry Zenk, pers. comm., 2013). In addition to describing the habitat of these beetles at the type locality, the name also honours the first people of Marys Peak, who knew these lands so well.

Diagnosis: Within the L. osculans group it is distinguished by the less transversely stretched meshes on the elytra; in males, most sculpticells are about three times as wide as tall ( Fig. 17G); in females, they are brick-like and deeply engraved ( Fig. 17H). Because of the exceptionally dull lustre of their elytra, females are among the easiest Lionepha to identify to species. In contrast, the elytral microsculpture is more transverse than any of the smaller Lionepha ( erasa group). Prothorax narrow, only slightly wider than the large head ( Fig. 3D). Basal protarsomeres of male large, significantly wider than the second tarsomere ( Fig. 19D). Aedeagus ( Fig. 13G, H) most similar to that of L. pseudoerasa , but with even more reduced internal sac sclerites.

Additional characteristics: Body length 4.26– 5.07 mm, with most specimens> 4.5 mm. Surface of elytra in many specimens with a slight metallic reflection, brassy or greenish in colour. Antennae dark, piceous, except for base of first antennomere, which can be dark rufous on the underside. Legs rufous or rufopiceous, darker at the joints. Hind wings full-sized. Chromosomes of male 24 + X (Pflug et al. in review).

Geographic variation: The single specimen from the Trinity Alps of California (DNA4113) is distinctive in both 28S and COI. In 28S, the California specimen has three insertions not present in Oregon L. tuulukwa , totalling six bases; it also has one five-base deletion relative to the Oregon specimens. In COI, this same specimen has a triplet that codes for valine (at position 305 within its sequence in GenBank, accession MN402204 View Materials ), as do all Lionepha from other species, whereas the Oregon L. tuulukwa have the derived state of isoleucine at that position.

Note: Referred to as Lionepha ‘Waterfalls’ in Sproul & Maddison (2017) and Pflug et al. (in review). See also the note under Lionepha osculans .

Distribution: This species is currently known from only three localities: two in the Oregon Coast Range and one in the Trinity Alps of California ( Fig. 24C). The Coast Range localities are 50 and 700 m in elevation, with the Trinity Alps locality at 1440 m. Specimens have been found in April, June, August and September. At Alder Creek Falls, they are most commonly encountered in late August and September, after the first autumn rains.

Habitat: At the type locality, found in the splash zone of Alder Creek Falls ( Fig. 4A), and on nearby seeps running down large rockfaces. They crawl among wet moss and soil in these areas, and are most easily found at night. At the other two known localities (Knowles Creek west of Eugene, Oregon, and Canyon Creek in the Trinity Alps of California) they were found under rocks on the gravel and cobble shores of small creeks in forests ( Fig. 4B).