Himerometra robustipinna, (CARPENTER, 1881)

HIMEROMETRA ROBUSTIPINNA ( CARPENTER, 1881) View in CoL

( FIGS 3–6 View Figure 3 View Figure 4 View Figure 5 View Figure 6 , 8 View Figure 8 )

Actinometra robustipinna Carpenter, 1881: 201 View in CoL . Antedon martensi Hartlaub, 1890: 182 .

Antedon kraepelini Hartlaub, 1890: 183 .

Antedon crassipinna Hartlaub, 1890: 185 .

Antedon inopinata Bell, 1894: 398 .

Antedon crassispina Koehler, 1895: 420 .

Himerometra martensi A.H. Clark, 1907: 356 View in CoL ; 1918: 74; 1941: 187–188, 194, 198–199, 201, 203–209, pl. 17 (figs 64, 65), pl. 18 (figs 66, 67), pl. 19 (figs 72–75).

Himerometra crassipinna A.H. Clark, 1907: 356 View in CoL .

Himerometra kraepelini A.H. Clark, 1907: 356 View in CoL .

Himerometra magnipinna A.H. Clark, 1908b: 214 View in CoL ; 1921: 205 (fig. 260), 207 (fig. 271), 346 (fig. 715); 1941: 189–193, pl. 15 (figs 54, 55), pl. 16 (fig. 56), pl. 17 (figs 61, 62).

Himerometra bartschi A.H. Clark, 1908b: 212–213 View in CoL ; 1912a: 114; 1941: 188, 209–212.

Himerometra persica A.H. Clark, 1907: 214 View in CoL ; 1908b: 214.

Comaster robustipinna A.H. Clark, 1908c: 686 .

Phanogenia robustipinna A.H. Clark, 1908d: 124 .

Himerometra robustipinna A.H. Clark, 1908b: 213 View in CoL (non Carpenter, 1881).

Himerometra robustipinna A.H. Clark, 1913: 286–287 View in CoL ; 1921: 207 (fig. 270), 346 (fig. 714); 1941: 193–203, pl. 16 (fig. 60), pl. 17 (fig. 63), pl. 18 (figs 68, 69).

Heterometra martensi A.H. Clark, 1912a: 36 View in CoL , 127.

Himerometra pulcher A.H. Clark, 1912a: 114 View in CoL .

Himerometra inopinata A.H. Clark, 1912a: 114 View in CoL .

Craspedometra martensi Gislén, 1934: 22 .

Holotype: Actinometra robustipinna Carpenter, 1881 , Maluku Islands (= Moluccas), Indonesia, H. C. Macklot, coll., NBC cat. no. 1772.

Other type material examined: Himerometra magnipinna , holotype, USNM 25440 About USNM , Albatross sta. 5139; near Jolo, Philippines; Jolo light bearing S. 51 W., 3.6 mi distant, 6°06′00″N., 121°02′30″E., 36 m, coral sand, 14 February 1908 GoogleMaps . Himerometra pulcher , holotype, USNM 25439 About USNM , Albatross sta. 5165; Tawi Tawi group, Sulu ( Jolo ) Archipelago , Observation I. bearing N. 70 W., 6.4 mi distant, 04°58′20″N., 119°50′30″E., 16 m, coral, 24 February 1908 GoogleMaps . Himerometra bartschi , holotype, USNM 25438 About USNM , Albatross sta. 5146; Sulu ( Jolo ) Archipelago, near Siasi; Sulade I. (E) bearing N, 18 W, 3.4 mi distant, 05°46′40″N, 120°48′50″E, 44 m, coral sand and shells, 16 February 1908 GoogleMaps .

Other material examined: JAPAN: NMNS-E 5171 (3 specimens as H. bartschi ), S of Nagannujima I. Okinawa, 51–53 m, 25 May 2003, H. Saito, coll. VIETNAM: USNM E34794 View Materials (1, as H. magnipinna ), Hon Chi Is., 5 m, 1908, V.J. Ryabushko, coll.; PHILIPPINES: NSUOC-CRI 396 (1, H. magn .), Palawan Is., 9 m, 1995, C. Messing, coll.; USNM 35198 (1, H. magn .), Albatross sta. 5147; Sulu Archipelago, near Siasi; Sulade I., (E.) bearing N. 3°E, 8.4 mi distant, 05°41′40″N, 120°47′10″E, 38 m, coral sand and shells, 16 February 1908; USNM 35200 (1, H. magn .), Albatross (no. sta.), Ulugan Bay, Palawan I., no depth, 28 December 1908; USNM 1102744 (1, H. robustipinna ), Honda Bay, Palawan I., 11 m, 18 April 1995, P. Colin, coll.; SINGAPORE: USNM 35968, USNM 36136, USNM 36176, USM-1080 (4 specimens as H. martensi ), no locality, no depth, S. Gad, coll.; USNM E3133 (1, H. magn .), no depth, 1899; ZRC. ECH.0377, ZRC.ECH.0383, (2, H. r.), sta. SD25, SW of St. John’s I., 01°13′02″N, 103°50′48″E, 6.8 m, 22 May 2013, C. Messing, coll.; ZRC.ECH.0420, sta. DR70 (dredge), near Pulau Sudong and Pulau Semakau, 01°13.134′N, 103°44.283′E, 20.6–22.6 m, 25 May 2013 (1 H. r.); USNM E35362 View Materials (1, H. r.), Singapore Harbor, no depth, D.L. Meyer, coll.; INDONESIA: USNM E3178 (1, H. magn .), USNM E3220 (1, H. magn .) Kai Is., 2 m, 23 March 1922, T. Mortensen, coll.; INDONESIA: SIO-E5849, SIO-E5840 (2, H. r.), Ransiwor, 11 m, 17 October 2013, K. Taylor, coll.; USNM E34782 View Materials (1, H. r.), Ceram Is., 6–18 m, 27 March 1975, D.L. Meyer, coll.; USNM E34808 View Materials (1, H. cf. r.), Saparua Is., 6–18 m, 29 March 1975, D.L. Meyer, coll.; USNM E48116 View Materials (1, H. r.), Rumphius II sta. SEL-3, NW end of Seleman Bay, Ceram I., no depth, 21 January 1976; MALAYSIA: USNM E34547 View Materials (1, H. r.), no depth, D.L. Meyer coll.; PAPUA NEW GUINEA: SIO-E6040 (1, H. r.), Tab Is., 5 m, 6 December 2012, G. Rouse, coll.; NSUOC-CRI 392, NSUOC-CRI 237, NSUOC-CRI 234, NSUOC-CRI 233 (4, H. r.), Madang, 8 m, 1991, C. Messing, coll.; NSUOC-CRI 232 (1, H. bartschi ), Madang, 22.7 m, 10 June 1992, C. Messing, coll.; MNHN-IE-2013–8874 (1, H. r.), Wongat, 5–16 m, 2012, G. Rouse, coll.; HERON I., AUSTRALIA: USNM E50016 View Materials (1, H. magn .), no data, D.L. Meyer, coll.; FMNH-10015 (1, H. r.), no data, 2009; USNM E34831 View Materials (1, H. r.), USNM 34744 (1, H. r.), no data, D.L. Meyer, coll.; LIZARD I., AUSTRALIA: SAM-K1950 (1, H. magn .), 14°38.78S, 145°27.21E, no depth; SAM-K1965, SAM-K2011, SAM-K2093 (3, H. magn .), 14°39.07S, 145°26.91E, no depth; SAM-K2089 (1, H. magn .), 14°38.78S, 145°27.21E, no depth; SAM-K2045 (1, H. magn .), 14°40.14S, 145°34.64E, no depth; SAM-K1960 (1, H. magn .), 14°41.32S, 145°28.06E, no depth; SAMK 2021 (1, H. magn .), 14°39.07S, 145°26.91E, no depth; NSUOC-CRI 394 (1, H. magn .), SAM-K1951 (1 as H. r.), 14°38.78S, 145°27.21E, no depth; SAMK 1961 (1, H. r.), 14°41.32S, 145°28.06E, no depth; SAM-K1985 (1, H. r.), 14°38.78S, 145°27.21E; SAMK 1962 (1, H. r.), 14°41.32S, 145°28.06E; FMNH-8122 (1, H. r.), 8 m, 2009; NEW CALEDONIA: FMNH-8626 (1, H. r.), Îlot Maître, 7 m, 3 May 2009, F. Michonneau, coll.; FIJI: USNM E34756 View Materials (1, H. r.), no depth, D.L. Meyer coll.

Diagnosis: Himerometra with pinnules on brachitaxes and P 1 ranging from thick and stout and tapering rapidly distally to proportionally more slender and gradually tapering, slender and flagellate distally; proximal pinnulars broader than long, with W/L ratio ~1.4–2.0; distal pinnulars becoming as broad as long or longer than broad; distal ends of pinnulars of enlarged proximal pinnules everted or thickened, usually strongest on middle pinnulars but sometimes restricted to more distal pinnulars; following pinnules without ornamentation, or P 2 –P 4 with weak aboral keel on second and third segments; P II of rarely more than 34 pinnulars, 28 mm long (chiefly 18–24, to 22 mm, but sometimes>40 pinnulars, 32 mm long); distalmost few cirrals ranging from smooth, through weakly carinate or with small median aboral tubercle to strong, distally directed triangular aboral spine.

Geographic distribution: From Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, southward and eastward through Taiwan, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and the Admiralty Islands, to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia and New Caledonia, and westward to Sri Lanka (A.H. Clark, 1941; Chen, Chang & Chen, 1988; Kogo, 1998; Pilcher & Messing, 2001; Mekhova & Britayev, 2012).