Ribes rubrum, L. Ribes spicatum, Robson Ribes petraeum, Wulfen

2. R. rubrum L. View in CoL , Sp. Pl. 200 (1753) View Cited Treatment

( R. vulgare Lam. , R. sylvestre (Lam.) Mert. & Koch ).

1-1-5 m. Leaves c. 6 x 7 cm, cordate, nearly glabrous. Racemes inclined or drooping, rather lax, with 10-20 pale green flowers, slightly tinged with purple. Receptacle nearly flat, with a raised ring between stamens and styles. Sepals orbicular-spathulate, patent. Petals very small. Anther-lobes separated by a connective as wide as themselves. Fruit red, acid, glabrous. 2/2=16. • Cultivated throughout Europe and naturalized in many countries; native only in the west. Be Ga Ge Ho It.

3. R. spicatum Robson View in CoL in With., Arr. Br. Pl. ed. 3, 2: 265 (1796)

(R. rubrum sensu Jancz. et auct. recent, nonnull., non L.; incl. R. pubescens (Hartman) T. Hedl. , R. hispidulum (Jancz.) Pojark. , R. sehlechtendalii Lange ).

Very like 2 and often confused with it, but leaves usually larger and less cordate, varying from glabrous to tomentose on lower surface; receptacle pelviform, without a raised ring; and anthers about as long as wide, with the lobes almost contiguous on their inner face. 2/2=16. N. & E. Europe; sometimes cultivated in the east, but rarely naturalized outside its native territory. *Au Br Da Fe?Ge N o Po Rm Rs (N, B, C, W, E) Su [Cz].

Variable in pubescence, leaf-shape and inflorescence. Several local populations have been described as species or subspecies, but the diagnoses are usually unsatisfactory in view of the variability of the species elsewhere. It seems probable that the arctic and subarctic populations ( R. glabellum (Trautv. & C. A. Meyer) T. Hedl. , Bot. Notis. 1901: 98 (1901)) with nearly glabrous leaves, and those of E. European Russia ( R. hispidulum (Jancz.) Pojark. , Bull. Appi. Bot. Pl.-Breed. (Leningrad) 22: 339 (1929)) with small, usually glandular-hairy leaves, may be entitled to subspecific rank.

4. R. petraeum Wulfen View in CoL in Jacq., Mise. Austr. Bot. 2: 36 (1781).

1-3 m. Leaves up to 15 x 15 cm, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes bufiate above and glandular beneath. Racemes c. 10 cm, horizontal or drooping, with 20-35 pinkish, campanulate flowers. Sepals ciliate, orbicular-spathulate, the lower part erect, the upper patent. Petals half as long as sepals. Upper part of ovary protruding above the disc. Fruit dark purple-red, acid. Mountains o f C. Europe, extending southwards to the Pyrenees, C. Italy and Bulgaria. Au Bu Cz G a Ge He Hs H u It Ju Po Rm Rs (W).

5. R. nigrum L. View in CoL , Sp. Pl. 201 (1753) View Cited Treatment .

1-2 m. Leaves up to 10 cm wide, glabrous above, slightly pubescent and with numerous sessile, aromatic glands beneath. Racemes drooping. Flowers campanulate, reddish- or brownish-green; sepals oblong, recurved, pubescent; petals smaller, erect, whitish. Fruit up to 12 mm in diameter, black, sweetish and aromatic. 2/2=16. Most o f Europe, except the Mediterranean region; native certainly in C. & E. Europe; cultivated and widely naturalized in the west, where its native limits are hard to ascertain. *Au *Be *Br Bu *Cz *Da Fe G a Ge *Ho *Hu It Ju *No Po Rm Rs (N, B, C, W, E) Su [Co H b He].

6. R. uva-crispa L. View in CoL , Sp. Pl. 201 (1753) View Cited Treatment

( R. grossularia L. , Grossularia reclinata (L.) Miller ).

1-1-5 m, freely and intricately branched, and armed at the nodes with stout spines, usually in groups of 3 (very rarely absent). Leaves 2-5 cm wide, rarely more, rather deeply lobed, glabrous or pubescent. Flowers in axillary clusters o f 1-3; pedicels with 2 bracteoles near the middle. Sepals 5-7 mm, ligulate, pale or pinkish-green; petals white, smaller. Fruit c. 10 mm in diameter, green, yellow or purple-red, usually hispid. 2«=16. Native in S., C. & W. Europe; extensively cultivated and frequently naturalized by bird-dispersal in other areas. Au Be Br Bu Cr Cz G a Ge G r He Ho Hs Hu It Ju Po Rm Rs (W) [Co D a Fe Hb Lu N o Rs (N, B, C) Su].