Lepidium neglectum, Thell. Lepidium ruderale, L. Lepidium pinnatifidum, Ledeb. Lepidium cartilagineum, (J. Mayer) Thell. Lepidium cartilagineum subsp. crassifolium, (Waldst. & Kit.) Thell. Lepidium latifolium, L.

12. L. neglectum Thell. , Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, 4: 708 (1904).

Annual or biennial. Stem papillose. Lower cauline leaves more or less hairy, the upper linear, entire, 1-veined, often papillose. Sepals c. 1-25 mm; petals rudimentary. Pedicels c. 3 mm in fruit. Silicula 3 x 3 mm, orbicular, narrowly but deeply notched at apex. Widely introduced and naturalized in W. & C. Europe. [Au Be Br Cz D a Fe Ga Ge He Ho Hu No Po Su.] (North America.)

13. L. ruderale L. , Sp. Pl. 645 (1753).

Annual or biennial, more or less foetid, with a single erect or ascending stem 10- 30 cm, usually with a few unbranched hairs. Basal leaves 5- 7 cm, long-petiolate, pinnatisect or 2-pinnatisect; upper linear, entire. Sepals 0-75 mm; petals absent or very inconspicuous. Pedicels 2-2-5 mm in fruit, hairy. Silicula 2-2-5 x 1-5-2 mm, ovate or broadly elliptical, narrowly winged above, deeply notched; style very short and not exceeding notch. 2« =32. Throughout Europe. All except Al Az Co Hb Si Tu.

14. L. divaricatum Solander in Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 441 (1789).

Annual; stem papillose. Basal leaves subpinnate; upper lanceolateoblong, acute, dentate. Sepals 0-5-0-75 mm; petals as long as sepals. Pedicels 2-4 mm in fruit. Silicula 2-3 x 1-5-2 mm, apical notch shallow and narrow; style very short. Introduced and naturalized in W. Europe. [Be Br G a Ge He Ho.] (Africa from Abyssinia to the Cape.) In Europe only as subsp. linoides (Thunb.) Thell. , Viert. Naturf.

Ges. Zürich 51: 167 (1906).

15. L. pinnatifidum Ledeb. , Fl. Ross. 1: 206 (1841).

Like 14 but stem entirely glabrous; cauline leaves almost entire, oblanceolate-spathulate; silicula 2-2-75 x 1-75-2-3 mm, with an entire or rarely slightly notched apex. Saline places. S.E. Russia. Rs (E).

16. L. schinzii Thell. , Viert. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 51: 167 (1906).

Like 14 but cauline leaves pinnatifid, with entire or rarely toothed segments; petals absent; style exceeding notch. Introduced and naturalized in a few places in Europe. [Be Ge He.] (Transvaal and Basutoland.)

Sect. Lepidium . Silicula not or very slightly winged, not or slightly notched. Stamens 6.

17. L. perfoliatum L. , Sp. Pl. 643 (1753).

Annual or biennial with single erect, sparsely hairy stem 20-40 cm. Leaves strongly dimorphic, the basal long-petiolate, 2- to 3-pinnatifid, with narrow segments, the upper cauline subrotund, more or less acute, entire, the broad rounded lobes completely enclosing the stem and overlapping. Sepals c. 1 mm; petals pale yellow, narrowly spathulate, only a little longer than sepals. Pedicels 4-5 mm in fruit, ascending, glabrous. Silicula usually c. 4 x 4 mm, very narrowly winged above; style short, exserted from the small apical notch. 2« =16. Native in C., E. & S.E. Europe; widely introduced and naturalized elsewhere. Al Au Bu Cz G r Hu Ju Po Rm Rs (C, W, K, E) Tu [Be Br D a Fa G a Ge He Ho Hs Is It No Su].

18. L. cartilagineum (J. Mayer) Thell. , Viert. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 51: 173 (1906).

Perennial; stems 7-25 cm, very flexuous, branched above, papillose. Leaves leathery-succulent, broadly elliptical, ovate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, more or less obtuse, entire, cuneate at base; the cauline sometimes with a sagittate base. Sepals c. 1-25 mm, petals about twice as long as sepals. Pedicels c. 4 mm, thick in fruit. Silicula 2-5-3 x 2-5-3 mm, ovate, when ripe distinctly reticulate-alveolate; style short, exserted. Saline areas o f C. & E. Europe. Au?Bu?Cz Ge Hu Po Rm Rs (C, W, K, E).

(a) Subsp. cartilagineum (inch L. pumilum Boiss. & Balansa ): Plant usually 7-13 cm; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, cauline without auricles at base. Ukraine and Krym.

(b) Subsp. crassifolium (Waldst. & Kit.) Thell. , Neue Denkschr. Schweiz. Ges. Naturw. 41: 153 (1906)

( L. crassifolium Waldst. & Kit. ).

Plant usually 20-25 cm; leaves broadly elliptical or ovate, cauline with auriculate-sagittate base. 2n= 16. Throughout the range o f the species.

L. borysthenicum Kleopow , Jour. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Ukr. 21- 22: 251 (1939), with stems 30-40 cm, basal leaves 10-16 cm x 3- 6 mm (C. & E. Ukraine) and L. syvaschicum Kleopow , loc. cit. (1939), with stems up to 25 cm, basal leaves oblong-elliptical 4- 8 cm x 5-13 mm (S. Ukraine; Krym), belong here and may represent further subspecies of 18.

19. L. latifolium L. , Sp. Pl. 644 (1753).

Perennial with stoloniferous rhizome; aerial stems 50-130 cm, erect, glabrous, muchbranched above. Leaves coriaceous, the basal and lower cauline up to 30 cm, long-petiolate, ovate, toothed or sometimes pinnatilobed; upper sessile, ovate to lanceolate, entire and often bractlike. Flowers in a large panicle. Sepals c. 0-75 mm, broadly white-margined. Petals up to twice as long as sepals, with rounded-obovate limb. Pedicels 4-5 mm in fruit, silicula 2 x 2 mm, suborbicular, not winged or notched; style very short with a large rounded stigma. 2« = 24. Europe except the north. All except BI Cr Fa Fe Is N o Rs (N). Plants from near the Baltic in Sweden seem to differ in having dark purple sepals and narrower, more toothed upper cauline leaves with a longer acute apex. Specimens seen from Greece and Sicilia have the underside of the leaves densely covered with stellate hairs and are apparently referable to var. velutinum Hayek ex Thell. Further study may indicate that both these variants should be regarded as subspecies.