Cardamine L.

41. Cardamine L. 1

Annual to perennial herbs; glabrous or with unbranched hairs. Leaves simple to pinnate. Inner sepals slightly saccate; petals white or purple (rarely pale yellow). Fruit a strongly compressed siliqua; valves coiling spirally from the base at dehiscence, veinless or with indistinct median vein; style short or distinct; stigma slightly 2-lobed. Seeds in 1 row in each loculus. (Inch Dentaria L. ) Literature: O. E. Schulz, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 32: 280-623 (1903). 1 Petioles with small amplexicaul auricles 2 Petals pink or purplish, caducous; leaves ternate or pinnate,

with large lanceolate leaflets 31. chelidonia 2 Petals white, not caducous (rarely absent); leaves various,

with small, ovate or obovate leaflets 3 Lower leaves entire or trifoliate 26. resedifolia 3 Lower leaves pinnate 4 Petals 2-3 mm, scarcely exceeding the sepals, sometimes absent; siliqua with a subsessile stigma 33. impatiens 4 Petals 4-11 mm, at least twice as long as the sepals; siliqua with a flattened beak 5 Sepals apiculate; funicle of seeds slender 28. maritima 5 Sepals obtuse; funicle of seeds broad, flattened 30. graeca 1 Petioles without auricles 6 Petals not more than 3 mm, scarcely longer than the sepals,

sometimes absent 7 Plant entirely glabrous; leaflets cuneate at the base, linear to oblong; petals less than 2-5 mm 32. parviflora 7 Plant at least sparsely hairy; leaflets cordate, ovate to reniform; petals more than 2-5 mm 8 Plant branched only from the base; stems straight; basal leaves many, in a distinct rosette; siliquae much overtopping unopened flowers 36. hirsuta 8 Plant branched above, as well as at the base; stems flexuous;

basal leaves few, not in a distinct rosette; siliquae scarcely overtopping unopened flowers 35. flexuosa 6 Petals more than 4 mm, distinctly longer than the sepals 9 Leaves all similar in size and shape, in a whorl below the inflorescence 10 Leaves pinnate 11 Rhizome scale-leaves 2-3 mm, appressed; petals purple

4. quinquefolia 11 Rhizome scale-leaves 5-8 mm, concave; petals yellow

5. kitaibelii 10 Leaves ternate or digitate 12 Petals yellowish; stamens exserted, longer than the petalclaw 6. enneaphyllos 12 Petals purple; stamens included, about as long as the petal-claw 7. glanduligera 9 Leaves dissimilar in size or in shape, not in a whorl below the inflorescence 13 All leaves simple and entire 14 Leaves reniform, more than 10 mm wide 12. asarifolia 14 Leaves oblong-spathulate, less than 10 mm wide

27. bellidifolia 13 At least some leaves compound 15 Rhizome present, long and branched, or giving rise to slender stolons

16 Basal leaves simple, reniform

17 Middle cauline leaves trifoliate, with rounded segments

12. asarifolia

17 Middle cauline leaves, if present, with 1-3 pairs of narrowly ovate or oblong leaflets 23. tenera

16 Basal leaves compound 18 Axils of upper leaves with brownish-purple bulbils

1. bulbifera 18 Axils of leaves without bulbils

19 Cauline leaves trifoliate with linear-lanceolate leaflets (uppermost leaf often simple); some roots tuberous at their apices 10. trifida 19 Cauline leaves pinnate, digitately 5-fid, simple or absent, or, if trifoliate, with broadly lanceolate to suborbicular leaflets; roots not tuberous (rarely completely tuberous and then crowded at base of stem)

20 Leaves all ternate or digitate

21 Leaflets serrate; petals more than 13 mm; siliqua more than 2-5 mm wide 3. pentaphyllos 21 Leaflets obscurely dentate; petals less than 13 mm;

siliqua less than 2-5 mm wide

22 Rhizome with scale-leaves only; cauline leaves 3

or more; anthers violet 8. waldsteinii 22 Rhizome with foliage leaves (or withered petioles)

as well as scale-leaves; cauline leaves 0-3;

anthers yellow 11. trifolia 20 At least some leaves pinnate

23 Rhizome 4-10 mm in diameter; petals 14-20 mm;

siliqua more than 3 mm wide 2. heptaphylla 23 Rhizome less than 4 mm in diameter or absent;

petals 5-12 mm; siliqua less than 3 mm

wide

24 Leaflets crenate-apiculate or serrate, with appressed hairs; ovary and siliqua sparsely hairy

9. macrophylla 24 Leaflets crenate to entire, pubescent (especially on the margin) or glabrous; ovary and siliqua glabrous

25 Rhizome without slender stolons; leaves all lyrate-pinnate with reniform leaflets

16. raphanifolia 25 Rhizome with slender stolons; leaves dissimilar,

at least the upper with oblong to lanceolate,

subequal leaflets

26 Cauline leaves fewer than 5; anthers yellow;

stigma conspicuous (17-22). pratensis group 26 Cauline leaves more than 5; anthers blackishviolet or rarely yellowish-white; stigma indistinct (13-15). amara group 15 Rhizome absent, or short and unbranched, not giving rise to stolons

27 Ovary and siliqua with appressed hairs; seeds c. 3 mm; funicle dilated 29. carnosa 27 Ovary and siliqua glabrous; seeds 1-2 mm; funicle narrow

28 Lowest leaves simple, sometimes 3- to 5-lobed

29 Lowest leaves in a rosette; stems not flexuous; petals 8-18 mm, white, pink or purple

(17-22). pratensis group 29 Lowest leaves not in a rosette; stems flexuous; petals

4-8 mm, white

30 Plant glaucous; leaflets of upper leaves entire; infructescence usually secund 25. glauca 30 Plant not glaucous; leaflets of upper leaves lobed; infructescence always symmetrical 24. plumieri 28 Lowest leaves ternate or pinnate

31 Leaflets with a few prominent apiculate teeth; petals less than 8 mm; pedicels hairy 34. caldeirarum 31 Leaflets subentire; petals more than 8 mm; pedicels glabrous

32 Leaves all similar, lyrate-pinnate, with the terminal leaflet at least twice as large as the lateral leaflets;

all leaflets orbicular to reniform; siliqua without a thickened border 16. raphanifolia 32 Leaves dissimilar: the lower pinnate, with the terminal leaflet only a little larger than the lateral leaflets; at least the upper cauline leaves with oblong to linear-lanceolate leaflets; siliqua with a thickened border ( 17 -22). pratensis group