Fumaria L.

12. Fumaria L. View in CoL 1

Annuals with long stems, erect, diffuse or climbing. Leaves cauline, 2- to 4-pinnatisect. Inflorescence racemose, bracteate, with short pedicels. Sepals 2, lateral. Corolla at least 5 mm, usually larger, zygomorphic, consisting of a spurred upper petal, 2 inner petals, and a lower one. Fruit 1 -seeded, indéhiscent, when dry showing 2 apical pits due to clefts in the mesocarp. In W. Europe mostly weeds of arable land, but in southern and eastern countries found also in rocky, sandy and grassy places. In this account the measurement of the corolla is that of the largest flowers, and cleistogamous or more or less depauperate corollas produced by plants grown in an unfavourable environment are not considered. The direction of the wings of the upper petals, and the margins of the lower petals, can only be determined with certainty when the plant is fresh. Literature: H. W. Pugsley, Jour. Bot. (London) 50, Suppl. 1: 1-76 (1912). Jour. Linn. Soc. London (Bot.) 44: 233-354 (1919); 47: 427-69 (1927); 49: 93-113 (1932); 49: 517-29 (1934); 50: 541-59 (1937). 1 Corolla at least 9 mm; wings of the upper petal turned upwards 2 Sepals more than 3 mm wide, wider than the corolla

12. macrosepala 2 Sepalsnotmorethan3 mmwideandusuallynarrowerthan

the corolla 3 Fruit more than 3 mm long and wide 8. macrocarpa 3 Fruit not more than 3 mm long and wide 4 Sepals 1 - 5-2 x c. 1 mm 7. amarysia 4 Sepals longer 5 Fruit smooth when dry

6 Raceme shorter than or as long as peduncle

7 Sepals obtuse to subacute; pedicels often arcuate-re-

curved

8 Corolla usually white or cream (rarely flushed pink);

upper petal narrow, laterally compressed; wings not

exceeding keel 9. capreolata

8 Corolla purplish; upper petal wider, not laterally

compressed; wings exceeding the keel 11. purpurea

7 Sepals acute to acuminate; pedicels erect or erecto-

patent

9 Corolla 12-14 mm, pinkish-white 16. sepium

9 Corolla 9-12 mm, pink 17. muralis

6 Raceme longer than peduncle

10 Sepals 2-5-3 x 1 - 5-2 mm

11 Fruit 2-2- 5 x 2-2- 5 mm 14. bastardii

11 Fruit 2 x 1 -5-1 -75 mm

12 Fruiting pedicels arcuate-recurved; sepals obscurely

sinuate-dentate (Balkan peninsula) 19. petteri

12 Fruiting pedicels patent; sepals subentire (Spain)

20. transiens

10 Sepals 3-4- 5 x 1 - 5-3 mm

13 Sepals subentire

14 Raceme 15- to 20-flowered; corolla 11-13 mm;

margins of lower petal patent 15. martinii

14 Raceme with fewer flowers; corolla 9-11 mm;

margins of lower petal erect 18. reuteri

13 Sepals dentate

15 Raceme sessile or with very short peduncles 19. petteri

15 Raceme little longer than peduncle 17. muralis 5 Fruit rugose when dry

16 Pedicels arcuate-recurved

17 Flowers creamy-white 10. flabellata

17 Flowers pink or purple

18 Corolla 9-10 mm; sepals 2-5-3 mm 19. petteri

18 Corolla 10-13 mm; sepals 4-5-6-5 mm 11. purpurea

16 Pedicels erect or patent

19 Sepals 3-5 x 1 -3 mm

20 Corolla white or pinkish-white; fruit c. 3 x 2-5-3 mm,

with a subemarginate beak

21 Sepals 3 -5-5 x 1 -2 mm; wings of upper petal not blotched with dark purple 1. agraria 21 Sepals 4-4- 5 x 2-3 mm; wings of upper petal blotched with dark purple, with a white margin;

apex of inner petals dark purple 2. occidentalis 20 Corolla pink; fruit 2-5-3 x 2-3 mm, obtuse to very slightly beaked

22 Corolla 9-10- 5 mm 19. petteri 22 Corolla 10-5-14 mm

23 Wings of upper petal pale pink; inner petals with dark purple apex; sepals subentire or slightly dentate 3. rupestris 23 Wings of upper petal and apex of inner petals dark purple or red; sepals incise-dentate

24 Sepals 4-5 x 2-5-3 mm 17. muralis 24 Sepals 3-4 x 1 - 5-2 mm

25 Sepals 3-3- 5 x 1 - 5-2 mm; corolla 12-14 mm;

upper petal obtuse; fruit subglobular-ovoid,

mucronulate 4. bella 25 Sepals 3-4 xc. 2 mm; corolla 10-12 mm; upper petal subacute; fruit subglobular-quadrate,

submucronulate 5. gaillardotii 19 Sepals 2-3 x 1 -2 mm

26 Corolla white, sometimes pink tinted

27 Fruit c. 3 x 3 mm 6. judaica 27 Fruit 2-2-25 x 1 - 5-1- 75 mm 13. bicolor 26 Corolla pink

28 Raceme 8- to 12-flowered; sepals 2-2- 5 x 1 mm

13. bicolor 28 Raceme 15- to 25-flowered; sepals 2-3 x 1 -2 mm

29 Fruit 2 x 1 - 5-1- 75 mm 20. transiens 29 Fruit 2-2- 5 x 2-2- 5 mm 14. bastardii 1 Corolla not more than 9 mm; wings of the upper petal less turned upwards

30 Sepals0 -5-1(-1-5) x 0 -25-0-75mm,notmorethan| aslong as and always narrower than the corolla

31 Bractsequallingorlongerthanpedicels; corollausually white 33. parviflora 31 Bracts shorter than pedicels; corolla pink

32 Pedicels 4 mm; bracts not more than | as long as pedicels

29. schleichen 32 Pedicels up to 2- 5(—3) mm; bracts more than | as long as pedicels

33 Fruits 2-2-25 x 2-2-25 mm; bracts | as long as pedicels

31. vaillantii 33 Fruits 1 -75-2 x 1 -75-2 mm; bracts | as long as pedicels

34 Upper petals not dorsally compressed, with wings turned upwards 30. microcarpa 34 Upper petals dorsally compressed, with wings patent

32. schrammii 30 Sepals 1 -5—3-5 x 0-75-3 mm, more than | and often more than i as long as the corolla

35 Sepals1 -5 -2x 0 -75-1mm

36 Fruit acuminate at apex 27. jankae 36 Fruit obtuse or truncate at apex

37 Corolla 7-9 mm; wings of upper petal and apex of inner petals dark purple; fruit with truncate apex

25. officinalis 37 Corolla 6-7 mm; wings of upper petal not dark purple;

fruit with rounded-obtuse apex 28. caroliana 35 Sepals 2-3- 5 x 1 -3 mm

38 Bracts shorter than the fruiting pedicels

39 Fruit c. 2 x 2 mm, subglobose 24. rostellata 39 Fruit 2 x 2-5-3 mm, obreniform in profile

40 Raceme exceeding the peduncle; sepals 2-5-3 - 5xl-

1 -5 mm; corolla 7-9 mm; upper petal obtuse; apical pits of fruit without black spots 25. officinalis 40 Raceme scarcely longer than peduncle; sepals 2 x

1 - 5 mm; corolla c. 9 mm; upper petal subacute; apical pits of fruit black-spotted 26. ragusina 38 Bracts about as long as or longer than fruiting pedicels

41 Fruiting pedicels arcuate-recurved; fruit nearly smooth when dry 21. kralikii

41 Fruiting pedicels patent; fruit rugose when dry 42 Sepals 2-5-3 - 5 x 2-3 mm 23. densiflora

42 Sepals 2-2-25 x 1 -2 mm 43 Corolla c. 7 mm; fruit 2-2- 5 x 2-2-2- 5 mm 22. mirabilis 43 Corolla 7-8- 5 mm; fruit 2 x 1 -5-1- 75 mm 19. petteri