Dianthus Dianthus, L. Dianthus Dianthus, (Simonkai) Kerner Dianthus Dianthus, Schur Dianthus Dianthus, Vandas Dianthus Dianthus, Heuffel ex Griseb. & Schenk Dianthus Dianthus, Griseb.

108. D. carthusianorum L. View in CoL , Sp. Pl. 409 (1753)

(inch D.sanguineus Vis. , D. rogowiczii Kleopow ).

Glabrous perennial up to c. 60 cm. Leaves 0-5-5 mm wide, linear, acuminate, flat; sheaths several times as long as diameter of stem. Flowers few to many in a usually dense head; bracts lanceolate to oblong, more or less herbaceous to coriaceous. Epicalyx-scales obovate to obcordate, abruptly aristate, coriaceous to membranous. Calyx 10-20 x 2-5 mm, narrowed above the middle. Petal-limb usually 10- 15 mm, dentate, deep pink to purple, very rarely white, bearded. 2n = 30. • S., W. & C. Europe. Al Au Be Cz Ga Ge He Ho Hs Hu It Ju Po Rm Rs (W) Si Tu. A very variable species whichhas been much subdivided. The variation in leaf-width, length of awn, colour, shape and texture of epicalyx-scales, length and colour ofthe calyx, and petal-size seems to be largely continuous and with little correlation between the different characters. The variation does not in general fall into a geographical pattern, though some fairly distinct populations appear to exist, especially near the limits of the distribution of the species. For diverse accounts of the intraspecific taxa see Ascherson 6 Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. FI. 5 (2): 306-30 (1921), Hegi, III. FI. Mitteleur. 3: 323-6 (1910), and Prodan in Sävul. FI. Rep. Pop. Romane 2: 250-5 (1953).

D. commutatus (Zapal.) Klokov in Kotov, FI. RSS Ucr. 4: 659 (1952), is very robust with wide leaves and a puberulent calyx, but otherwise resembles 108.

109. D. puberulus (Simonkai) Kerner View in CoL , Sched. FI. Exsicc. Austro-Hung. 2: 63 (1882).

Like 108 but stems, leaves, bracts and epicalyx-scales puberulent; petal-limb less than 10 mm, pink, • N. part of Balkan peninsula, Romania. Bu Ju Rm. Might perhaps be regarded as one of the more distinct variants of 108.

110. D. tenuifolius Schur View in CoL , Verh. Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. 143 (1859).

Like 108 but with very numerous stems up to 25 cm; leaves0 -5- 1 (-2) mm wide; cauline longer than internodes; flowers l-4(-6) in a head; bracts as long as or longer than inflorescence; calyx 2-3 mm wide. E. Carpathians. Rm. Might perhaps be regarded as a subspecies of 108.

111. D. borbasii Vandas View in CoL , Österr. Bot. Zeitschr. 36: 193 (1886).

Perennial with an unbranched woody stock from which flowering stems and short leafy shoots arise. Leaves c. 1 mm wide, linear, acuminate; basal mostly withered at flowering. Stems 30-50 cm, simple, or little-branched near the top. Heads (1)2- to 8-flowered. Epicalyx-scales ovate, narrowed into a short awn, pale brown and broadly scarious. Calyx 14-17 x 3-4 mm, pink or purplish. Petal-limb c. 10 mm, dentate, pink, bearded. Poland; U.S.S. R. southwards from c. 57° N. Po Rs (C, W, K, E).

(a) Subsp. borbasii :

Bracts and epicalyx-scales usually not more than I as long as calyx. Calyx-teeth 3 - 5 -4- 5 mm. Throughout the range ofthe species.

(b) Subsp. capitellatus (Klokov) Tutin, Feddes Repert. 68: 192 (1963) (Z). capitellatus Klokov): Bracts and epicalyx-scales more than 1 as long as calyx. Calyx-teeth 5-6 mm. Ukraine.

112. D. henteri Heuffel ex Griseb. & Schenk View in CoL , Arch. Naturgesch. (Berlin) 18 (1): 303 (1852).

Caespitose perennial 15-30 cm. Leaves c. 0- 5 mm wide, linear, acuminate, rather rigid; cauline shorter than internodes; sheaths 3-4 times as long as diameter of stem. Flowers usually 2-3 together; bracts narrow, often herbaceous, shorter than inflorescence. Epicalyx-scales broadly ovate to obovate, often somewhat retuse, aristate. Calyx 12-14x 4- 5 mm, nearly cylindrical, green or purplish with brown teeth. Petal-limb 8-12 mm, dentate. Damp, grassy places. • S. Carpathians. Rm.

113. D. cruentus Griseb. View in CoL , Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 1: 186 (1843)

(inch D. lateritius Halâcsy , D. calocephalus Bald. , non Boiss., D. holzmannianus Heldr. & Hausskn. ).

Usually glaucescent perennial up to 100 cm. Leaves 1-3 mm wide, linear, acuminate, flat; sheaths several times as long as diameter of stem. Flowers numerous, in a dense head; bracts puberulent, oblong to ovateoblong with an awn, up to about as long as calyx. Epicalyxscalessimilar but smaller, pale to reddish-brown. Calyx 18- 20 x 3-4 mm, somewhat tapering from about the middle, puberulent, usually reddish-purple. Petal-limb 5-8 mm, dentate, more or less bearded. 2n=30. Balkan peninsula. Al Bu Gr Ju Tu.

(a) Subsp. cruentus :

Awn considerably longer than the reddishbrown epicalyx-scales; petals more or less glabrous, deep purple. Bosna to Albania and W. Bulgaria.

(b) Subsp. turcîcus (Velen.) Stoj. & Acht View in CoL , in Stoj. & Stefanov, Fl. Bälg. ed. 3, 405 (1948)

( D. turcicus Velen. ):

Awn about as long as the pale epicalyx-scales; petals bearded, pinkish-purple. Albania and S. W. Greece to E. Bulgaria and Turkey.