Dianthus L.

36. Dianthus L. View in CoL 1

Usually perennial herbs or small shrubs, often with linear, parallel-veined leaves. Flowers solitary or in heads surrounded by bracts. Epicalyx-scales 2-many, usually appressed to calyx. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, without scarious commissures. Petals 5, long-clawed, entire, dentate or laciniate, but not deeply bifid; coronal scales absent. Stamens 10; styles 2. Capsule dehiscing with 4 teeth; carpophore often present. Male-sterile plants of a number of species occur sporadically and add to the difficulties of identification, as such plants are often dwarf, with flowers smaller in all their parts than normal and sometimes with a reduced number of epicalyx-scales. Late flowers, particularly if borne on lateral branches produced by damaged main stems, may also be abnormal. Species which normally have capitate inflorescences frequently produce solitary flowers in these circumstances. It is therefore unwise to attempt to identify plants flowering outside their normal season. The shape and measurements of the calyx refer to the calyx at flowering time. The diameter of the stem is measured just below a node. Bracts occur in species with capitate inflorescences, and should be distinguished from epicalyx-scales; they subtend more than one flower.

Most of the species are more or less interfertile but, since they are usually geographically or ecologically isolated, hybrids are rather local. They do, however, seem to occur in most localities where two or more species grow together, and are particularly common in the Pyrenees.

The pattern of morphological resemblances within the genus is exceptionally reticulate, so that any linear arrangement of species is more than usually artificial, and division into subgenera, sections, etc. is of little practical value. The most satisfactory scheme so far published is that given by Schischkin in Komarov, Fl. URSS 6: 803-61 (1936), but this includes only a quarter of the European species, which are placed in 12 groups; the remainder could perhaps be accommodated in a further 23 groups, but further study of the problem is desirable.

1 Sheaths of cauline leaves not more than twice (rarely 3 times)

as long as diameter of stem 2 Calyx pubescent or glandular-pubescent 3 Perennial with stout woody stock or root; non-flowering stems present at flowering 4 Lower leaves obtuse 63. deltoïdes 4 Lower leaves acuminate 5 Cauline leaves shorter than internodes (S.W. Europe)

44. scaber 5 Cauline leaves at least as long as internodes (Bulgaria,

Turkey) 77. roseoluteus 3 Annual or biennial, with slender stock and root; without non-flowering stems 6 Epicalyx-scales about as long as calyx 89. armeria 6 Epicalyx-scales about | as long as calyx 85. corymbosus 2 Calyx glabrous 7 Annual, with slender stock and root; without non-flowering stems 8 Calyx verruculose 84. tripunctatus 8 Calyx not verruculose 9 Cauline leaves narrowly oblong, mostly obtuse 8. viridescens 9 Cauline leaves linear, acute or acuminate

10 Flowers in many-flowered heads; calyx c. 10 mm

90. pseudarmeria

10 Flowers usually in clusters of 2-3; calyx (10—)12—17 mm

85. corymbosus 7 Perennial, with stout stock or root; non-flowering stems usually present at flowering 11 At least some of the leaves obtuse or subobtuse 12 Epicalyx-scales 8 or more

13 Herb, woody only at base; leaves thick but coriaceous

97. rupicola

13 Small shrub; leaves succulent

14 Leaves linear, terete 98. arboreus

14 Leaves oblong-lanceolate, flat 99. fruticosus 12 Epicalyx-scales never more than 6, usually 4

15 Flowers numerous, in a dense head 17. barbatus

15 Flowers solitary, or few together and distinctly pedicellate

16 Leaves of non-flowering stems c. 5 mm, elliptical

17 Leaves on flowering stems similar to those on nonflowering stems, longer than internodes

65. myrtinervius

17 Leaves on flowering stems narrower than on nonflowering stems, shorter than internodes

18 Stock slender; calyx cylindrical or widening upwards; petals bearded (Balkan peninsula) 64. degenii

18 Stock stout; calyx tapering upwards from below the middle; petals glabrous (Kriti) 66. sphacioticus 16 Leaves of non-flowering stems more than 5 mm, or else not elliptical

19 Stems shortlypubescent

20 Petals glabrous 73. cinnamomeus 20 Petals bearded

21 Petals spotted; basal leaves usually narrowly oblong or lanceolate 63. deltoides 21 Petals unspotted; basal leaves linear or spathulate

(vide also 85. corymbosus) 86. viscidus 19 Stems glabrous,smoothor rarelyscabridontheangles

22 Petals laciniate

23 Petal-limb glabrous; leaves of non-flowering stems

1 - 5-2 mm wide 61. gallicus 23 Petal-limb bearded; leaves of non-flowering stems usually less than 1 -5 mm wide

24 Entire part of petal-limb lanceolate, with a greenish or purplish spot at base; epicalyxscales usually 4 58. arenarius 24 Entire part of petal-limb narrowly obovatecuneate, unspotted

25 Epicalyx-scales 2-4 (E. Alps to N.E. Hungary)

52. plumarius 25 Epicalyx-scales 4-6 (E.C. Russia) 59. krylovianus 22 Petals dentate to subentire

26 Epicalyx-scales not more than | as long as calyx

27 Calyx c. 10 mm; petals glabrous 32. subacaulis 27 Calyx 15-20 mm; petals usually bearded

28 Epicalyx-scales gradually narrowed at apex

47. cintranus 28 Epicalyx-scales abruptly contracted at apex

29 Flowers usually 2-4 together; leaves with thin margins 1. seguieri 29 Flowers solitary; leaves with thick margins

30 Epicalyx-scales green and purplish, herbaceous

(W. and C. Europe) 28. gratianopolitanus 30 Epicalyx-scales brown, coriaceous (Kriti and Karpathos) 29. xylorrizus 26 Epicalyx-scales at least | as long as calyx

31 Epicalyx-scales c. i as long as calyx

32 Cauline leaves at least 5 pairs; flowers usually

2-3 together 21. nitidus 32 Cauline leaves 1—3(—4) pairs; flowers nearly always solitary

33 Epicalyx-scales membranous, acute; cauline leaves scale-like 26. microlepis 33 Epicalyx-scales herbaceous, apex subulate; cauline leaves not scale-like

34 Epicalyx-scales often 4, the inner ovate, abruptly narrowed at apex; calyx c. 5 mm wide 19. repens 34 Epicalyx-scales 2, lanceolate, gradually narrowed at apex; calyx c. 3 mm wide 22. scardicus 31 Epicalyx-scales about as long as calyx

35 Leaf-margins thick and cartilaginous

81. haematocalyx 35 Leaf-margins not thick and cartilaginous

36 Cauline leaves at least 5 pairs

37 Middle cauline leaves much smaller than basal

21. nitidus 37 Middle cauline leaves much larger than basal

23. callizonus 36 Cauline leaves 4 pairs or fewer

38 Basal leaves at least 3 mm wide, oblonglanceolate 20. alpinus 38 Basal leaves up to 2-5 mm wide, linear

(24-25). glacialis group 11 All leaves acute or acuminate

39 Leaves thin and flat, withouta thick margin or prominent submarginal veins

40 Sheaths2-3timesas long as diameterof stem

41 Flowers long-pedunculate 75. lanceolatus 41 Flowers subsessile in heads

42 Calyx-teeth acuminate; epicalyx-scales gradually narrowed at apex 15. membranaceus 42 Calyx-teeth obtuse; epicalyx-scales rounded and mucronate at apex 16. dobrogensis 40 Sheaths 1 -2 times as long as diameter of stem

43 Petal-limb laciniate

44 Petal-limb divided more than half-way to middle; entire part narrowly oblong 62. superbus 44 Petal-limb divided not more than half-way to middle; entire part suborbicular 18. monspessulanus 43 Petal-limb dentate to subentire

45 Calyx verruculose, not longitudinally ribbed 83. strictus 45 Calyx not verruculose, distinctly longitudinally ribbed

46 Petals bearded

47 Outer epicalyx-scales at least as long as calyx, leaflike

48 Leaves 7- to 9-veined, some lateral veins almost as prominent as midrib 9. trifasciculatus 48 Leaves 3- to 5-veined, lateral veins all much weaker than midrib 13. guttatus 47 Epicalyx-scales shorter than calyx

49 Stems solitary or few, stout, simple or branched in upper part; flowers often in small heads

50 Petal-limb c. 7 mm, narrowly obovate 11. eugeniae 50 Petal-limb c. 10 mm, broadly ovate

51 Basal leaves present and ± rosette-forming at flowering 1. seguieri 51 Basal leaves withered at flowering

52 Cauline leaves 3-8 mm wide, usually 10 or more pairs, tapering from about the middle

2. collinus 52 Cauline leaves usually less than 3 mm wide,

usually fewer than 10 pairs, tapering from near the base 3. flscheri 49 Stems numerous, slender, usually branched from near the base; flowers usually solitary

53 Basal rosette well-developed at flowering

(Pyrenees, N.W. Spain) 7. furcatus 53 Basal leaves mostly or quite withered at flowering

(Romania and U.S.S.R.)

54 Stem and leaves glabrous; epicalyx-scales usually more than | as long as calyx 4. pratensis 54 Stem and leaves usually puberulent; epicalyxscales usually less than | as long as calyx

55 Epicalyx-scales shortly aristate, margins not scarious 12. tesquicola 55 Epicalyx-scales acuminate, margins broadly scarious

56 Calyx tapering markedly from the middle

5. versicolor

56 Calyx scarcely tapering upwards

6. pseudoversicolor 46 Petals glabrous

57 Epicalyx-scales 6 47. cintranus 57 Epicalyx-scales 4

58 Epicalyx-scales gradually narrowed into a green subulate point 7. furcatus 58 Epicalyx-scales abruptly acuminate or cuspidate,

point usually brownish 74. pallens 39 At least the upper cauline leaves with a thick margin or strong submarginal veins, often ± convolute

59 Petal-limblaciniate,dividedtonearlyhalfwayormore

60 Leaves not crowded at base of stems, rigid, mostly recurved 57. squarrosus 60 Leaves crowded at base of stems; cauline few and distant, not recurved

61 Calyx 10-12 mm; outer epicalyx-scales at least \ as long as calyx, with a green subulate point 7. furcatus 61 Calyx at least 16 mm; epicalyx-scales less than | as long as calyx, without a green subulate point

62 Epicalyx-scales ovate, gradually long-acuminate,

usually 6 or more 43. malacitanus

62 Epicalyx-scales obovate, not long-acuminate, usually 4(-6)

63 Leaves tapering from near the base; cauline leaves usually 5 or more pairs

64 Plant usually glaucous; cauline leaves (6-)8- 14(—19) pairs; calyx-teeth lanceolate, apiculate

53. serotinus 64 Plant usually green; cauline leaves rarely more than 6 pairs; calyx-teeth narrowly acuminate

49. petraeus 63 Leaves tapering from above the middle; cauline leaves 1—4(—10) pairs

65 Petal-limb with a greenish or purplish spot near base 58. arenarius 65 Petal-limb unspotted

66 Leaves usually not more than 0-5 mm wide (Ural)

54. acicularis 66 Leaves usually at least 1 mm wide

67 Calyx 3-6 mm wide (not U.S.S.R.)

68 Entire part of petal-limb suborbicular; calyx

4-6 mm wide 52. plumarius 68 Entire part of petal-limb cuneate; calyx 3-

4 mm wide 50. spiculifolius 67 Calyx 2-3 mm wide (U.S.S.R.)

69 Calyx not more than 20 mm; epicalyx-scales as long as calyx; petal-limb as long as calyx 59. krylovianus 69 Calyx c. 25 mm; epicalyx-scales as long as calyx; petal-limb less than £ as long as calyx

60. volgicus 59 Petal-limb dentate to subentire

70 Petal-limb bearded, sometimes sparsely so

71 Leaves 3 mm or more wide 97. rupicola 71 Leaves not more than 2 mm wide

72 Leaves without apparent veins, except at base

42. lusitanus 72 Leaves with the midrib apparent throughout their length

73 Densely pulvinate; leaves less than 1 cm; calyx usually 6-8 mm ( Samothraki ) 93. arpadianus 73 Not densely pulvinate; leaves more than 1 cm; calyx 10 mm or more

74 Small shrub, with erect woody stems

75 Epicalyx-scales obovate, abruptly cuspidate

96. juniperinus 75 Epicalyx-scales ovate, gradually acuminate

76 Leaves c. 0-5 mm wide, apparently 1-veined

55. rigidus 76 Leaves mostly 1 mm or more wide, conspicuously 3-veined

77 Flowers usually clustered; epicalyx-scales c.

I as long as calyx (Bulgaria) 71. aridus 'll Flowers solitary; epicalyx-scales c. £ as long as calyx (U.S.S.R.) 56. uralensis 74 Stems herbaceous or, if woody, trailing

78 Flowers subsessile in dense heads 45. crassipes 78 Flowers solitary or few, never subsessile in dense heads

79 Most flowers with 2 or 4 epicalyx-scales

80 Basal leaves or non-flowering stems present at flowering

81 Epicalyx-scales more than £ as long as calyx

27. pavonius 81 Epicalyx-scales less than £ as long as calyx

82 Inner epicalyx-scales broadly ovate, or obovate, or almost truncate, apiculate or abruptly aristate

83 Cauline leaves usually 6 or more pairs;

stem usually puberulent 87. diffusus 83 Cauline leaves 2-4 pairs; stem glabrous

84 Calyx almost cylindrical; teeth acute to obtuse 28. gratianopolitanus 84 Calyx tapering from below the middle;

teeth acuminate 49. petraeus

82 Inner epicalyx-scales ovate, attenuate, acuminate

85 Calyx 17-27 mm 47. cintranus

85 Calyx 10-15 mm

86 Stem puberulent, at least below; basal leaves c. 1 mm wide 46. graniticus

86 Stem glabrous; basal leaves mostly 0-5 mm

wide 91. humilis

80 Basal leaves and non-flowering stems absent at flowering

87 Leaves without visible lateral veins beneath

55. rigidus

87 Leaves with easily visible lateral veins beneath

88 Calyx 10-12(-14) x 2-3 mm

89 Flowers clustered; pedicels short 71. aridus

89 Flowers solitary; pedicels long

90 Cauline leaves shorter than to as long as internodes; calyx 12-14x2 mm

67. pallidiflorus

90 Cauline leaves much longer than internodes; calyx 10-12 x 3 mm 56. uralensis

88 Calyx 15-19 x 3-4 mm

91 Leaves almost setaceous, usually appressed to stem 70. carbonatus

91 Leaves 1-5-3-5 mm wide, ± patent

92 Stems usually 10-20 cm, with many nonflowering branches 69. hypanicus

92 Stems 25-70 cm, without non-flowering branches 68. campestris

79 Most flowers with 6 or more epicalyx-scales

93 At least some epicalyx-scales about as long as calyx-tube

94 Leaves setaceous, rigid; sheaths 2-3 times as long as diameter of stem 102. pinifolius

94 Leaves wider; sheaths about as long as diameter of stem

95 Flowers in small heads 44. scaber

95 Flowers solitary

96 Cauline leaves 6 or more pairs 78. mercurii

96 Cauline leaves 2-3 pairs 81. haematocalyx

93 Epicalyx-scales distinctly shorter than calyxtube

97 Epicalyx-scales obovate, almost truncate and apiculate 79. gracilis

97 Epicalyx-scales ovate, attenuate to the acuminate or aristate apex

98 Leaves up to 1 mm wide

99 Plant up to 10 cm, densely caespitose;

leaves c. 0-5 mm wide 94. nardiformis

99 Plant 20-40 cm, not densely caespitose;

leaves c. 1 mm wide 79. gracilis

98 Leaves more than 1 mm wide

100 Flowers in small heads; petal-limb

5-8 mm 44. scaber

100 Flowers solitary; petal-limb 9-12 mm

47. cintranus 70 Petal-limb entirely glabrous 101 Basal leaves withered at flowering 102 Sheaths 2-3 times as long as diameter of stem

75. lanceolatus 102 Sheaths about as long as diameter of stem 103 Petal-limb narrowly rhombic 76. leptopetalus 103 Petal-limb obovate 104 Stems simple or with 1-2 branches; petal-limb cinnamon beneath 73. cinnamomeus 104 Stems freely branched; petal-limb greenish or pink beneath

105 Calyx 17-22x4 mm (Balkan peninsula, Romania) 74. pallens

105 Calyx c. 15x3 mm (Moldavia to Krym)

72. marschallii

101 Basal leaves or leafy non-flowering stems present at flowering

106 Calyx 20-30 x2- 3 mm, tapering markedly from about the middle

107 Mostleaves1- 5-2mmwide,taperingrathersud­ denly near the apex 51. stefanoffii 107 Mostleaveslessthan1- 5 mmwide,tapering gradually from the middle or below

108 Epicalyx-scales gradually long-acuminate

41. pyrenaicus 108 Epicalyx-scales abruptly contracted into an awn

49. petraeus 106 Calyxeither lessthan20 mmlongor 4- 5 mm wide, usually widest about the middle

109 Epicalyx-scalesusually8- 12

110 Stem glabrous below; petal-limb 5-10 mm

92. ciliatus 110 Stem puberulent below; petal-limb 3-4 mm

95. ingoldbyi 109 Epicalyx-scalesusually4(—6)

111 At least the outer epicalyx-scales attenuate at apex

112 Leaves c. 0- 5 mm wide

113 Calyx 4-5 mm wide (S. Spain) 48. anticarius 113 Calyx c. 3 mm wide

114 Stems 5—10(—20) cm (Pyrénées Orientales)

34. pungens 114 Stems 20-30 cm

115 Stems usually branched (Pyrenees)

41. pyrenaicus 115 Stems usually simple (S. Greece)

40. serratifolius 112 Some leaves 1 mm or more wide

116 Calyx 20-25 mm 47. cintranus 116 Calyx c. 15 mm

117 Cauline leaves 5-10 mm, closely appressed to stem; stock stout and woody 36. costae 117 Cauline leaves 10-30 mm, usually patent; stock slender 7. furcatus 111 At least the inner epicalyx-scales abruptly cuspidate to truncate

118 Calyx 15 mm or more

119 Calyx less than 3 mm wide 49. petraeus 119 Calyx at least 4 mm wide

120 Calyx tapering markedly above the middle

35. hispanicus 120 Calyx almost cylindrical

121 Basal leaves usually less than 1 mm wide, convolute, wiry 30. sylvestris 121 Basal leaves over 1 mm wide, flat and rather soft

122 Petal-limb c. 10 mm, pink or purplish

31. caryophyllus 122 Petal-limb c. 5 mm, dirty white

29. xylorrizus 118 Calyx less than 15 mm

123 Calyx-teeth up to twice as long as wide, obtuse or subobtuse and broadly scarious; calyx usually less than 10 mm, often ventricose

124 Flowers white (Balkan peninsula)

33. minutiflorus 124 Flowers pink (S.W. Europe)

125 Basal leaves c. 1 mm wide; calyx 3-4 mm wide, ventricose 32. subacaulis 125 Basal leaves c. 0- 5 mm wide; calyx c. 2 mm wide, almost cylindrical 38. langeanus 123 Calyx-teeth 3-4 times as long as wide, acuminate or apiculate

126 Inner epicalyx-scales less than twice as long as wide

127 Inner and outer epicalyx-scales similar; flowers solitary 35. hispanicus 127 Outer epicalyx-scales narrow and gradually acuminate, inner obovate, cuspidate; flowers usually 2-3 together

39. laricifolius 126 Inner epicalyx-scales at least twice as long as wide

128 Calyx c. 10 mm; stem usually simple

32. subacaulis

128 Calyx c. 14 mm; stem usuallyfreely branched

37. planellae 1 Sheathsofcaulineleavesatleast 3timesaslongasdiameter of stem

129 Flowerssulphur-yellow 14. knappii 129 Flowersnotsulphur-yellow

130 Uppermostleaves greatlywidenedinlowerpart 101. capitatus 130 Uppermost leaves not greatly widened in lower part

131 Leaveswiththinmarginsandwithoutprominentsub­ marginal veins beneath

132 Bracts entirely brown 113. cruentus 132 Bracts green, at least in the upper part

133 Epicalyx-scales acute or shortly aristate, brown or scarious, all much shorter than calyx 15. membranaceus 133 Epicalyx-scales aristate, largely green, at least some about as long as calyx

134 Sheaths 2-3 times as long as diameter of stem; bracts 4

9. trifasciculatus 134 Sheaths 5-9 times as long as diameter of stem; bracts numerous 10. urumoffii 131 Leaves with thick margins or prominent submarginal veins beneath

135 Calyx-teeth obtuse or subobtuse but sometimes mucronate

136 Leaves obtuse or subobtuse; calyx-teeth little longer than wide, not mucronate 105. diutinus 136 Leaves acute or acuminate; calyx-teeth at least twice as long as wide, mucronate

137 Calyx not more than 14 mm; petal-limb 4-8 mm, pink

106. platyodon 137 Calyx 18-22 mm; petal-limb 10-15 mm, dark purplish

107. bessarabicus 135 Calyx-teeth acuminate

138 Plant glandular-viscid; calyx 6-7 x 1 -5 mm 88. formanekii 138 Plant sometimes puberulent but not glandular-viscid; calyx larger

139 Flowers solitary or few together, usually distinctly pedicellate; bracts 0 or narrow and not closely subtending the flowers

140 Epicalyx-scales coriaceous, not broadly scarious; calyx ± coriaceous

141 Petals with short glandular hairs on upper surface

82. biflorus 141 Petals with long eglandular hairs on upper surface

142 Flowers usually solitary; calyx c. 5 mm wide

, 79. gracilis 142 Flowers usually in small groups; calyx 2-5-3 mm

wide 80. drenowskianus 140 Epicalyx-scales membranous or broadly scarious; calyx membranous

143 Epicalyx-scales broadly scarious 117. brachyzonus 143 Epicalyx-scales usually dark brown, not or narrowly scarious

144 Leaves usually setaceous, up to c. 1 mm wide;

calyx usually green with a green apex (E. & S.

Carpathians)

145 Cauline leaves as long as or longer than internodes; some bracts at least as long as inflorescence 110. tenuifolius 145 Cauline leaves shorter than internodes; bracts shorter than inflorescence 112. henteri 144 Leaves 1 -2 mm wide, usually flat; calyx usually dark purple (widespread)

146 Epicalyx-scales and calyx glabrous

108. carthusianorum

146 Epicalyx-scales and calyx puberulent 109. puberulus

139 Flowers usually numerous, subsessile, crowded in dense heads; bracts conspicuous, closely subtending the flowers

147 Calyx more than 10 mm 148 Epicalyx-scales gradually narrowed at apex 149 Epicalyx-scales broadly scarious; calyx pinktinged 111. borbasii

149 Epicalyx-scales not or scarcely scarious; calyx dark purple

150 Calyx (14-) 17-20 mm 103. giganteus

150 Calyx 10—13 mm 104. pontederae

148 Epicalyx-scales obcordate or almost truncate, abruptly aristate

151 Calyx 15-20 mm 152 Epicalyx-scales whitish; hyaline margin wide 117. brachyzonus

152 Epicalyx-scales brown or blackish; hyaline margin narrow or none

153 Wide part of epicalyx-scales distinctly longer than awn

154 Epicalyx-scales and calyx glabrous

108. carthusianorum

154 Epicalyx-scales and calyx puberulent

109. puberulus

153 Wide part of epicalyx-scales usually shorter than awn

155 Bracts without a green apex; epicalyx-scales not coriaceous 113. cruentus

155 Bracts with a green apex; epicalyx-scales coriaceous 100. ferrugineus

151 Calyx 10-15 mm 156 Leaves setaceous

157 Calyx usually more than 2 mm wide; epicalyxscales at least | as long as calyx 101. pinifolius

157 Calyx usually less than 2 mm wide; epicalyxscales c. I as long as calyx 121. moesiacus

156 At least the cauline leaves flat

158 Epicalyx-scales whitish, ± purplish-tinged; awn usually longer than wide part of scale

114. quadrangulus

158 Epicalyx-scales usually brown; awn shorter than wide part of scale

159 Epicalyx-scales and calyx glabrous

108. carthusianorum

159 Epicalyx-scales and calyx puberulent

109. puberulus

147 Calyx less than 10 mm 160 Epicalyx-scales gradually narrowed at apex, acute or shortly awned 104. pontederae

160 Epicalyx-scales abruptly narrowed into an awn 161 Leaves flat 162 Bracts broadly ovate; awn of epicalyx-scales shorter than wide part of scale, usually patent or deflexed 118. pelviformis

162 Bracts ovate-oblong; awn of epicalyx-scales as long as wide part of scale, erect or somewhat patent

163 Epicalyx-scales pale purplish 116. stribrnyi

163 Epicalyx-scales dark brown 115. tristis

161 At least the basal leaves setaceous 164 Leaves capillary; epicalyx-scales broadly obovate, awn usually patent 119. stenopetalus

164 Leaves c. 1 mm wide; epicalyx-scales ovateoblong; awn erect 120. burgasensis